Tecnologias de captação e aproveitamento de água de chuva para residências uni familiares

Water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem and more evident worldwide, rainwater utilization is characterized for being one of the simplest and cheapest solutions to preserve drinking water and is a known alternative technology and used to promote sustainability in buildings and reducing pressure on surface waters, it would also reduce runoff and can minimize flooding. The rainwater, while not potable may be used in potable water usage activities, and may thus saving 30 to 40% of potable water. In this work one can see the importance of the capture and use of rainwater (CAAC), bringing economy, to reduce consumption of potable water, reducing the problem of water shortage, and which methods and materials needed to cause its implementation. The work also promoted the characterization of rainwater in the city of Guaratinguetá (SP) and studied its potential use in public housing, calculating the volume needed for implementation of the tank and the cost to implement all rainwater utilization system, but because it is a region with a median rainfall index and the popular houses present an area of small water capitation, the result was not satisfactory. The cost for implementation was high and the financial return was well above average. The government should encourage and support more CAAC, as not thinking about the financial side is advisable to be widespread throughout the country, the benefits it can bring

Plano de segurança da água: caso de estudo: sistema de abastecimento público de água de Castro Verde

A maneira mais eficaz de garantir uma água distribuída, ao consumidor, em segurança é através de uma boa avaliação e gestão de riscos, envolvendo todo o sistema de abastecimento de água (captação, tratamento e distribuição). O presente estudo teve como objectivos caracterizar os riscos associados aos perigos encontrados e avalia-los através de uma metodologia de priorização de riscos, propor novas medidas de controlo para os perigos encontrados, estabelecer limites de controlo relacionados com as medidas de controlo e propor uma monitorização ao longo de todo o sistema de abastecimento de água. Este estudo foi efectuado no sistema de abastecimento público de água de Castro Verde. A principal metodologia foi a priorização de riscos. Foram classificados vários riscos com diferentes classificações associados aos perigos encontrados, encontrando-se dez pontos de controlo críticos. Uma vez que a monitorização neste sistema é insuficiente em alguns pontos tornou-se necessário propor novos locais sendo eles no local de preparação de reagentes, antes e depois da filtração e em todos os reservatórios de água tratada. Os perigos do sistema podem ser reduzidos ou eliminados através de uma boa e adequada gestão de riscos.

Controle de erosão em estradas rurais não pavimentadas, utilizando sistema de terraceamento com gradiente associado a bacias de captação

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de um modelo de dispositivo mecânico automático regularizador de vazão em tomadas de água

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Utilização de água pluvial para fins não potáveis: análise do atendimento da demanda pelo método de eficiências para dimensionamento de reservatório para diferentes regimes pluviométricos brasileiros

Brazil has about 12 % of a life´s essential resource: the superficial fresh water of the planet. However, today it is possible to observe the bad management of this resource, generating serious consequences on the quality that results in the loss of the use´s availability. In this scenario, the catchment of rainwater for undrinkable use is an alternative that has been broadly studied for the scientific community. When planning a system of rainwater catchment, the sizing of the required volume of the tank that will keep the water has a fundamental importance for the project, seeing that the supersizing of the tank can bring high costs and the undersizing can bring shortage in the water supply. This paper used a methodology based on two concepts: the harvesting efficiencies and the attending efficiencies of the system. This method takes as principle that exist a perfect demand that minimize the repayment time, condition that happened when the efficiencies are equal. Brazilian’s cities with different weathers and different rainfalls where chosen to simulate the attending for different demands for a typical residence. The data where parameterized according to the roof area and the number of residents, that way is possible that a future conference can be easily done and it also ensure results closer to the reality. The results showed that cities with a lower period of drought, even those with high level of rainfall on the raining mouths, have lower potential of water supply. The cities where the rainfall is more constant and also more high, even small roofs areas and small tank´s volumes – about half of the size compare to the cities with less propitious conditions – can generate high levels of water saving. With an eye to promote the environmental sustainability, the investment on projects for the catchment of rainwater is a good alternative

Território usado e recursos hídricos: o uso da água na produção de flores e plantas ornamentais em Holambra-SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Critérios para a captação e aproveitamento da água da chuva na avicultura de corte.

2003

Contabilidade ambiental : impacto da cobrança pela captação de água bruta no custo de produção de água da Copesul - Companhia Petroquímica do Sul

A questão ambiental tornou-se fator de decisão estratégica dentro das empresas nos últimos anos e segue uma tendência de regulamentação governamental cada vez mais forte, principalmente no que diz respeito à exploração de recursos naturais. Este trabalho propõe-se a apresentar a definição e conceitos de contabilidade ambiental e sua importância como forma de destacar as atividades das empresas relacionadas com preservação ambiental dentro dos atuais conceitos de ecoeficiência e desenvolvimento sustentável. Como segundo objetivo, apresentar a crise mundial de água vivida atualmente e como o Brasil está gerenciando seus recursos hídricos, através da apresentação do modelo adotado para implementação da política nacional de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos, destacando a adoção da cobrança por utilização de água como a forma mais importante desta política. Descreve, de maneira bastante simples, as etapas do processo de transformação na industria petroquímica, com ênfase na demonstração do grande volume de água utilizado neste tipo de indústria. E finalmente um estudo do impacto que a cobrança por captação de água bruta terá nos resultados da COPESUL – Companhia Petroquímica do Sul, quando de sua aplicação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Distribuição de Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd e Pb em frações húmicas de diferentes tamanhos moleculares extraídas de amostras de água e de sedimentos do reservatório de captação de água superficial Anhumas - Araraquara-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Acompanhamento da construção de uma captação de água subterrânea

Tese de mestrado, Geologia Aplicada (Hidrogeologia) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Influência do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade da água e no processo erosivo da bacia de captação do Rio Barro Preto, Coronel Vivida-PR

This study was developed in objecting to investigate the use and occupation of land in 1999, 2005, 2011 e 2015 and estimate soil degradation by laminar erosion and the relation with water quality in 2015 in the catchment basin of the Barro Preto river, Coronel Vivida – PR. For multitemporal analysis of use and occupation of land in the basin used in the Landsat 5, 7 and 8 images and Geographic Information System. The laminar erosion was estimated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation through the systematization of calculations of the factors that compose the equation in SPRING/INPE. The water quality of the studied river section was evaluated according to the Water Quality Idex and the Resolution CONAMA n. 357/2005. The multitemporal analysis of the use and occupation of land has demonstrated that basin is predominantly agricultural in all years studied, as well as the permanent preservation area presents it not regularized during the period in accordance with the Brazilian Forest Code in force. In relation the quantification of laminar soil erosion in the study period, the rainfall and runoff factor was estimated considering the rainfall data from 1986 to 2014 and resulted in a value of 11.573,47 MJ/ha.mm/a. The Dystrophic Red Latosol, Dystrophic Red Nitisol, Fluvisol and Leptosol soil erodibility factor were 0,0138, 0,0137, 0,0207, 0,0196 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm/a, respectively. The topographical factor has demonstrated that the catchment basin has the rough terrain because the moderate and moderate strong classes are dominant in the study area. The cover and management and support practice factors were estimated according to the multitemporal analysis of the use and occupation of land in the basin and the values ranged from 0,0006 to 0,0688. The soil losses by laminar erosion were simulated with agriculture areas with corn and soybeans in no-till. The soil losses with maize crop in no-till in 1999, 2005, 2011 and 2015 were 9.782,75, 10.592,71, 9.636,61 e 11.058,26 t/year, respectively, and soybeans crops in no-till were 15.140,01, 16.645,20, 14.662,14 e 17.049,85 t/year, respectively. In relation with water quality of the section studied river, the average of Water Quality Index during the season were 55,47, 53,09 and 49,72, for the first, second and third sample point, respectively. Indication a decrease in water quality since the source to the last sample point. It is concluded that the use and occupation of land in the catchment basin interferes in the water quality, as well as in soil degradation.

Avaliação da concentração de metais na água nos eixos de captação do projeto de integração do rio S. Francisco com bacias hidrográficas do nordeste setentrional

A análise de metais pesados é um aspecto bastante relevante na avaliação da qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano, pois tais elementos, dependendo de sua concentração, causam graves problemas à saúde humana. Para minimizar o problema na demanda de água da região do semiárido nordestino, foi criado o Projeto de Integração do rio São Francisco com as Bacias Hidrográficas do Nordeste Setentrional, que constará de dois canais de transposição de água: eixos Norte e Leste. Nesta pesquisa foi analisada a concentração dos metais Cd, Pb, Ni, Zi, Cu e Fe nos pontos de captação dos referidos eixos durante os anos de 2012 a 2014 em amostras de superfície e fundo. Dentre os metais analisados, a grande maioria teve resultados abaixo dos limites da Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. Apenas o cobre apresentou valores de mediana superior ao limite da legislação no ponto de captação do Eixo Leste (reservatório de Itaparica) no período seco. Isto sugere novas pesquisas para identificar a causa dos aportes de cobre no reservatório de Itaparica,visando garantir a boa qualidade da água a ser transposta para outras regiões através do Canal Leste.

Métodos tradicionais de sondagem e construção de captação de água subterrânea em países em vias de desenvolvimento

Neste trabalho avaliam-se e comparam-se metodologias tradicionais de prospeção e construção de captações de água subterrânea em países em vias de desenvolvimento, neste caso do Sul da Ásia (Butão, Bangladeche, Índia, Nepal e Paquistão). Faz-se uma análise às metodologias do ponto de vista geológico (diversos tipos de aquífero, litologias, graus de fracturação e alteração), mecânico (técnica das metodologias de perfuração e construção das captações), e económico (comparação dos tempos de avanço das sondagens, dos tempos de construção das captações, da produtividade das mesmas e seus custos). Conclui-se que as metodologias de prospeção low cost e tradicionais são semelhantes em âmbito e em cenário de aplicação, e que, ainda que as segundas sejam mais caras, têm custos muito menores em comparação com as convencionais. Conclui-se ainda que as metodologias convencionais de construção de captações estão pensadas para metodologias convencionais de prospeção, e que as low cost são muito semelhantes entre si; Abstract: The present work evaluates and compares traditional methods of borehole drilling and construction for water abstraction in developing countries, particularly South Asia (Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan). The methods are analyzed in regards to geology (types of aquifers, lithologies, massif fractures and weathering), mechanic (borehole drilling and abstraction technologies), and economic (comparing the progression in drilling and construction of boreholes, productivity and its costs) factors. It is concluded that the traditional drilling methods are similar in scope and application set, and that, though the latter are more expensive, they cost less than conventional methods. It is also concluded that conventional borehole construction is based in conventional drilling methods, and that the diverse low cost methodologies are very similar between them.