Habitual physical activity and physical activity intensity: their relation to body composition in 5.0-10.5 year old children

Background: Concerns of a decrease in physical activity levels (PALs) of children and a concurrent increase in childhood obesity exist worldwide. The exact relation between these two parameters however has as yet to be fully defined in children. Objective: This study examined the relation in 47 children, aged 5���10.5 y (mean age 8.4plusminus0.9 y) between habitual physical activity, minutes spent in moderate, vigorous and hard intensity activity and body composition parameters. Design: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated using the doubly labelled water technique and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was predicted from Schofield's equations. PAL was determined by PAL=TEE/BMR. Time spent in moderate, vigorous and hard intensity activity was determined by accelerometry, using the Tritrac-R3D. Body fatness and body mass index (BMI) were used as the two measures of body composition. Results: Body fat and BMI were significantly inversely correlated with PAL (r=-0.43, P=0.002 and r=-0.45, P=0.001). Times spent in vigorous activity and hard activity were significantly correlated to percentage body fat (r=-0.44, P=0.004 and r=-0.39, P=0.014), but not BMI. Children who were in the top tertiles for both vigorous activity and hard activity had significantly lower body fat percentages than those in the middle and lowest tertiles. Moderate intensity activity was not correlated with measures of body composition. Conclusions: As well as showing a significant relation between PAL and body composition, these data intimate that there may be a threshold of intensity of physical activity that is influential on body fatness. In light of world trends showing increasing childhood obesity, this study supports the need to further investigate the importance of physical activity for children.

EFICI��NCIA DA ISCA MIREX-S (SULFURAMIDA 0,3%) NO CONTROLE DE Atta cephalotes(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) EM TR��S DOSAGENS

Este trabalho foi realizado em reflorestamentos de eucalipto h��brido urograndis (Eucalyptus urophyllaX Eucalyptus grandis)da Jari Celulose S.A, no munic��pio de Almerim, Par��, de julho de 1993 a janeiro de 1994. Objetivou-se testar a efici��ncia da isca granulada Mirex-S (sulfluramida 0,3%), nas dosagens de 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, em compara����o com 10 gramas de uma isca a base de dodecacloro (0,45%) para o controle de Atta cephalotes(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). A isca Mirex-S apresentou ��ndices de controle, respectivamente, de 72,70%, 83,33% e 91,67%, em contrapartida com 87,50% da isca a base de dodecacloro. A isca Mirex-S, a 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, pode substituir com efici��ncia as iscas �� base de dodecacloro para o controle de A. cephalotes.

Search for the rare decay B-s(0)->phi mu(+)mu(-) with the D0 detector

We present a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B-s(0)->phi mu(+)mu(-) using about 0.45 fb(-1) of data collected in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We find an upper limit on the branching ratio of this decay normalized to B-s(0)-> J/psi phi of B(B-s(0)->phi mu(+)mu(-))/B(B-s(0)-> J/psi phi)< 4.4x10(-3) at the 95% C.L. Using the central value of the world average branching fraction of B-s(0)-> J/psi phi, the limit corresponds to B(B-s(0)->phi mu(+)mu(-))< 4.1x10(-6) at the 95% C.L., the most stringent upper bound to date.

Waist-to-height Ratio Percentiles And Cutoffs For Obesity: A Cross-sectional Study In Brazilian Adolescents.

This study aimed to describe the distribution of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) percentiles and cutoffs for obesity in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study including adolescents aged 10 to 15 years was conducted in the city of S��o Paulo, Brazil; anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist-circumference) were taken, and WHtRs were calculated and then divided into percentiles derived by using Least Median of Squares (LMS) regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used in determining cutoffs for obesity (BMI ��� 97th percentile) and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing variables. The study included 8,019 adolescents from 43 schools, of whom 54.5% were female, and 74.8% attended public schools. Boys had higher mean WHtR than girls (0.45 �� 0.06 vs 0.44 �� 0.05; p=0.002) and higher WHtR at the 95th percentile (0.56 vs 0.54; p<0.05). The WHtR cutoffs according to the WHO criteria ranged from 0.467 to 0.506 and 0.463 to 0.496 among girls and boys respectively, with high sensitivity (82.8-95%) and specificity (84-95.5%). The WHtR was significantly associated with body adiposity measured by BMI. Its age-specific percentiles and cutoffs may be used as additional surrogate markers of central obesity and its co-morbidities.

Clinical trials in Brazilian journals of ophthalmology: where we are

PURPOSE: To compare clinical trials published in Brazilian journals of ophthalmology and in foreign journals of ophthalmology with respect to the number of citations and the quality of reporting [by applying the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement writing standards]. METHODS: The sample of this systematic review comprised the two Brazilian journals of ophthalmology indexed at Science Citation Index Expanded and six of the foreign journals of ophthalmology with highest Impact Factor�� according ISI. All clinical trials (CTs) published from January 2009 to December 2010 at the Brazilians journals and a 1:1 randomized sample of the foreign journals were included. The primary outcome was the number of citations through the end of 2011. Subgroup analysis included language. The secondary outcome included likelihood of citation (cited at least once versus no citation), and presence or absence of CONSORT statement indicators. RESULTS: The citation counts were statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) in the Foreign Group (10.50) compared with the Brazilian Group (0.45). The likelihood citation was statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) in the Foreign Group (20/20 - 100%) compared with the Brazilian Group (8/20 - 40%). The subgroup analysis of the language influence in Brazilian articles showed that the citation counts were statistically significantly higher in the papers published in English (P<0.04). Of 37 possible CONSORT items, the mean for the Foreign Group was 20.55 and for the Brazilian Group was 13.65 (P<0.003). CONCLUSION: The number of citations and the quality of reporting of clinical trials in Brazilian journals of ophthalmology still are low when compared with the foreign journals of ophthalmology with highest Impact Factor��.

Preval��ncia de sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados em adolescentes na regi��o centro-oeste do estado de S��o Paulo (SP, Brasil)

Objetivou-se avaliar a rela����o entre o ��ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o ��ndice CPOD em 207 adolescentes de 12 anos, de 8 escolas p��blicas e particulares da regi��o centro-oeste do estado de S��o Paulo. A amostra foi constitu��da por 380 adolescentes aos 12 anos, de ambos os g��neros, sendo examinados 207. Utilizou-se o ��ndice CPOD, IMC para peso, medida de estatura, e aplicou-se question��rio sobre h��bitos alimentares, caracter��sticas antropom��tricas e atividade f��sica. Quanto ao peso corp��reo, 55,93% apresentaram normal (G4), 35,59% de baixo peso (G3), 8,47% de pr��-obesos (G2), nas escolas particulares. Nas p��blicas, 52,03% apresentaram normal, baixo peso 41,22%, pr��-obesos 4,73% e obesos (G1) 2,03%; n��o houve diferen��a significativa (p=0,45). Verificou-se que o CPOD nas escolas p��blicas foi 2,16 e nas particulares, 0,23 (p<0,05), sendo que 39,2% das crian��as estavam livres de c��rie nas municipais e nas particulares, 88,1%. N��o houve correla����o do maior IMC com o incremento de CPOD. Houve correla����o negativa entre condi����es socioecon��micas e ��ndice de c��rie dent��ria. Concluiu-se que os grupos pr��-obesos e obesos, embora houvesse maior frequ��ncia de ingest��o de alimentos, n��o apresentaram correla����o com o incremento de c��rie dent��ria, mas as condi����es socioecon��micas foram determinantes para essa ocorr��ncia.

Assessment in vitro of brushing on dental surface roughness alteration by laser interferometry

Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are considered to be of multifactorial origin, normally associated with inadequate brushing. This study assessed the influence in vitro of simulated brushing on NCCL formation. Fifteen human premolars were submitted to brushing in the cementoenamel junction region, using hard-, medium- and soft-bristled brushes associated with a toothpaste of medium abrasiveness under a 200 g load, at a speed of 356 rpm for 100 minutes. The surface topography of the region was analyzed before and after brushing, by means of a laser interferometer, using "cut-off" values of 0.25 and considering roughness values in mm. The initial roughness (mm) results for dentin (D / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard) were as follows: (D1) 1.25 �� 0.45; (D2) 1.12 �� 0.44; (D3) 1.05 �� 0.41. For enamel (E / bristle consistency: 1 - soft, 2 - medium and 3 - hard), the initial results were: (E1) 1.18 �� 0.35; (E2) 1.32 �� 0.25; (E3) 1.50 �� 0.38. After brushing, the following were the values for dentin: (D1) 2.32 �� 1.99; (D2) 3.30 �� 0.96; (D3) Over 500. For enamel, the values after brushing were: (E1) 1.37 �� 0.31; (E2) 2.15 �� 0.90; (E3) 1.22 �� 0.47. Based on the results of the ANOVA and Tukey statistical analyses (a = .05) it was concluded that soft, medium and hard brushes are not capable of abrading enamel, whereas dentin showed changes in surface roughness by the action of medium- and hard-bristled brushes.

Composi����o qu��mica, valores de energia metaboliz��vel e amino��cidos digest��veis de subprodutos do arroz para frangos de corte

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar a composi����o qu��mica, os valores de energia e os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos amino��cidos, do farelo de arroz integral (FAI) e da quirera de arroz (QA). No primeiro estudo, foram utilizadas 144 aves, com 21 dias de idade, machos, linhagem Cobb, que tiveram suas excretas totalmente coletadas para determina����o da energia metaboliz��vel aparente (EMA) e energia metaboliz��vel aparente corrigida (EMAn). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com tr��s tratamentos e seis repeti����es, com oito aves cada. No segundo experimento, foi utilizado o m��todo de alimenta����o for��ada para a determina����o dos coeficientes de digestibilidade dos amino��cidos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois alimentos e um jejum e seis repeti����es com um galo cada. Os valores de MS, PB, EE, FB, EMA e EMAn foram, respectivamente, para FAI: 88,6%; 11,8%; 15,3%; 10,2%; 2968kcal kg-1 e 2804kcal kg-1 e para QA: 93,5%; 9,1%; 0,73%; 0,45%; 3338kcal kg-1 e 3239kcal kg-1. Os valores m��dios encontrados dos coeficientes de digestibilidade de amino��cidos essenciais e n��o essenciais foram, respectivamente, de 75,9% e 73,9%, para FAI, e 77,9% e 76,5%, para QA. Embora tenham apresentado n��veis inferiores de energia, FAI e a QA podem ser utilizados nas ra����es de aves em substitui����o ao milho, uma vez que tiveram n��veis maiores de prote��na bruta e amino��cidos digest��veis.