899 resultados para t(2, 22)
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用2种微量雾化器组装成微量进样系统与常规气动雾化方式的ICP MS的分析性能作了详细比较。FM0 2雾化器在22μL min低提升率下,20μg L的Be、Co、In和Bi进行10次平行测定的RSD分别为7.6%、30%、2.7%和1.8%;检出限分别为0.14、0.10、0.02和0.01μg L;115In的信号强度达到常规气动雾化器1.3mL min提升速率下的60%,显示了良好的分析性能。对20μLWistar鼠的羊水样品中La、Ce、Pr和Nd4种元素的测定结果与常规进样系统的结果完全吻合
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本文研究了酞侧基聚芳醚酮(PEK—C)不同温度与不同形变速率下的拉伸屈服行为.发现屈服应力(σ_y)随温度升高而下降,随形变速率对数值的增大而增加.屈服应力对温度及形变速率的依赖性可用Eyring理论来拟合.屈服能量(E_y)随温度升高而线性下降,从中可以求出屈服时所需热能(b)与机械性能(b')的比(b/b').杨氏模量(γ)、屈服应变(ε_y)亦随温度升高而下降.
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本文采用萃取色谱法以P507萃淋树脂为固定相,以HCl-NH4Cl体系为淋洗液,研究了高纯Er2O3(99.999%~99.9999%)中稀土杂质和Er基体的分离方法,并选择了富集方法和火花源质谱测定条件,达到了纯度为99.9999%的超纯Er2O3的分析要求。
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一种新的同时具有系统引导型和文件引导型特点的病毒已在国内出现,本文对这种病毒的特点、引导过程和传播方式进行了详细的分析,并给出了具体的诊断和消除这种病毒的方法。
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本研究在实验室内采用静水系统以典型滤食性贝类菲律宾蛤仔为实验对象,从生理生态学的角度研究了体重和环境因子对菲律宾蛤仔摄食生理活动的影响,探讨了滤食性贝类的摄食机制和贝类本身对环境的适应性。同时,对蛤仔的碳代谢和能量收支进行了研究,建立了不同温度和饵料浓度下的能量收支方程。实验的主要结果如下:1.温度的影响在9±0.1℃,16±0.5℃,22±0.2℃,26±0.6℃四个温度下对菲律宾蛤仔的滤食率FR、清滤率CR、吸收率AE进行了测定。结果表明:在9-22℃温度范围内蛤仔滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均随温度的升高而增大,在22℃达到最大值,并且各温度间差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05)。当温度达到26℃时,滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均有所下降,但和22℃值相比较差异并不显著(ANOVA,P>0.2)。这表明蛤仔生长的最适温度应当在22℃左右。对不同体重蛤仔的实验表明小个体蛤仔比大个体对温度有更高的敏感性。碳最小需求量MCR、生长余力(SFG)和生长效率均受温度的显著影响,在较低温度下(9℃)SFG出现负值。经计算9℃,16℃,22℃,26℃下的能量收支方程分别为:2.体重的影响蛤仔摄食率、清滤率、呼吸率都随个体体重的增加而增大,它们之间呈幂函数关系Y=aX~b(b值均小于1);而单位体重的摄食率、清滤率、呼吸率随个体体重的增加而减小。吸收率和体重无明显的相关性,体重对生长效率无显著影响。蛤仔的碳最小需求量MCR、生长余力均和软体部干重呈幂函数关系Y=aX~b,b值在实验的四个温度下分别为0.43±0.12和0,78±0.09。3.饵料浓度的影响在实验的饵料浓度范围内(2.33-6.15mgPOM/L),水温15℃,蛤仔摄食率和清滤率随着饵料浓度的增加而增大,呈幂函数关系(y=aX~b)。当饵料浓度达到一定值后,清滤率迅速下降,而摄食率只略微有所下降,基本上保持平稳不变。这说明蛤仔可以通过调节清滤率来稳定其摄食率,对环境具有生理适应性。蛤仔吸收率与饵料浓度无显著的相关性,不同饵料浓度其吸收率始终保持在57.93±2.94%左右。水温15℃,投喂小球藻的条件下,计算得出蛤仔(壳长3.53±0.02cm、软体部干重0.41±0.02g)产生假粪的饵料阈值为2.16mgPOM/L。饵料浓度对蛤仔生产碳有明显的影响,在实验的饵料范围内生产碳随着饵料浓度的增加而增加,在低浓度饵料时,生产碳出现负值。蛤仔的SFG随饵料浓度的增加而增加,在1.54±0.12mgPOM/L时蛤仔的生长余力出现负值。实验发现摄食能随温度变化显著而代谢能变化相对不明显,这表明对蛤仔生长来说饵料浓度可能是比温度更重要的环境因子。16℃投喂小球藻时蛤仔在不同饵料浓度下的能量收支方程为:4.底质的影响温度为17℃,饵料为三角褐指藻、浓度为2.87±1.07mgPOM/L(无假粪产生)。实验测定蛤仔在铺砂以后,摄食率和清滤率都增加了大约2倍,差异极显著(ANOVA,P<0.01)。实验中对蛤仔的吸收率也进行了对比研究。结果表明:铺砂组蛤仔的吸收率比未铺砂组提高了10.71士4.57%,经单因子方差检验铺砂和未铺砂时蛤仔吸收率差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05)。实验表明底质对蛤仔摄食生理和代谢有显著的影响,这和实际生产中发现底质对蛤仔生长有明显影响是一致的。
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在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站,选取处于不同退化阶段的具有典型代表意义的草甸草场为研究对象,通过对其土壤氮素矿化补给能力、牧草对氮素的需求量的研究,探讨土壤-牧草氮素供需状况变化对高寒草甸植被演替与草地退化的影响.结果表明,在牧草生长季5~8月,高寒草甸土壤的氮素矿化补给量为15.86g•m-2,而随着高寒草甸退化程度的加重,植物群落中优势种群由禾草演替为禾草+苔草+嵩草、嵩草至杂类草,其牧草生长需要的总氮量分别为22.86、24.87、37.3、14.96g•m-2,只有在杂类草草甸阶段,其牧草生长对氮素的需求才与其土壤氮素供求相适配,可见养分是高寒草甸植被演替与草场退化的重要驱动因子之一.
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本研究旨在比较高寒草甸草地不同退化演替阶段下植物地上部氮磷元素含量、吸收速率以及单位面积累计重量.结果表明:植物生长季内(5~9月),3个样地植物地上部N、P含量都是在生长初期最高,随植物生长季节的推移以及地上生物量的增加,其含量逐渐稀释直到生长季节结束,全氮含量范围为36.90~14.90 g/kg,全磷的含量范围是2.22~1.06 g/kg.不同退化演替阶段由于植物组成的不同,其N、P含量有明显的差异,P的含量中度退化样地最高(1.91%),重度退化样地最低(1.51%);N的含量则恰恰相反,重度退化样地最高(26.40%),中度退化样地最低(18.60%);原生植被样地介于两者之间,其生长季P的平均含量为1.63%,N的平均含量为20.80%.植物N、P的吸收速率和单位面积累计重量都是随退化程度的加剧而降低,即原生植被样地>中度退化样地>重度退化样地,并且植物营养元素吸收速率与地上生物量生长速率呈正相关关系.
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在祁连山北坡肃南裕固族自治县河谷农业区进行引种试验,结果表明:筛选出的9个参试苜蓿Medicngo sativa品种均可在当地安全越冬,播种后第2年即可每年收获2茬,鲜草总产量为59.8~81.5 t/hm~2。因此,这9个苜蓿品种具有较好的生产性能,适合在该地区推广种植。
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对9个小麦品种群体进行了细胞学观察。结果表明, 4. 53% 的细胞含有至少一对不配对的染色体, 2. 31% 的细胞里, 染色体偏离正常的数目。显然, 这种自然的不规则性可能导致非整倍体后代的产生。3. 57% 的细胞发生了易位, 群体的2. 22% 为单体植株。
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试验表明,春小麦植株高度与灰翅麦茎蜂危害率呈极显著正相关,回归方程为Y = - 11.2462 +0.2966 X , r = 0.7821。植株高度100 cm 以上,断茎率普遍在22 %以上,70 cm 以下,断茎率仅有2.65 %~4.07 %。
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To characterize evapotranspiration (ET) over grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we examined ET and its relevant environmental variables in a Kobresia meadow from 2002 to 2004 using the eddy covariance method. The annual precipitation changed greatly, with 554, 706, and 666 mm a(-1) for the three consecutive calendar years. The annual ET varied correspondingly to the annual precipitation with 341, 407, and 426 mm a(-1). The annual ET was, however, constant at about 60% of the annual precipitation. About 85% annual ET occurred during the growing season from May to September, and the averaged ET for this period was 1.90, 2.23, and 2.22 mm/d, respectively for the three consecutive years. The averaged ET was, however, very low (< 0.40 mm/d) during the nongrowing season from October to April. The annual canopy conductance (gc) and the Priestley-Taylor coefficient (a) showed the lowest values in the year with the lowest precipitation. This study first demonstrates that the alpine meadow ecosystem is characterized by a low ratio of annual ET to precipitation and that the interannual variation of ET is determined by annual precipitation.
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工业腾飞的翅膀中科院沈阳自动化所研究员中国CIMS 专家组成员薛劲松人类社会经历了农业时代、工业时代的历史过变,而今已进入以计算机、多媒体技术为标志的电子时代,逐步迈进信息社会。CIMS则是信息时代新工业革命的核心。时至今日,国家“863”高技术发展..。
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In northern China, the loess-soil sequence of the last 2.6 Ma, the Hipparion Red-Earth of eolian origin and recently reported Pliocene-Miocene loess-soil sequence provide a near continuous continental eolian record of climatic history for the past 22.0 Ma. This work aims to investigate the composition and structure of clay minerals contained in deposits, and to explore their implications for environmental evolutions over the last 22.0 Ma. Clay minerals, which were extracted from eolian samples collected at Xifeng (0-6.2 MaBP) and Qinan (6.2-22.0 MaBP) sections, were analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and chemical analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: Over the last 22.0 Ma, the clay mineral assemblage among Quaternary loess-soils, Hipparion Red-Earth, and Miocene loess-soils shows similar components, mainly consisting of illite (55-80%), kaolinite (7-20%), chlorite (4-13%), smectite (2-23%) as results calculated by comparing major peak areas. There are no obvious differences in both types and amounts of clay minerals between loess and interbedded soils, suggesting that overwhelming part of the clay minerals is derived from the source. According to the components of clay minerals, the whole sequence of eolian deposits in the Loess Plateau can be divided into ten clay mineral assemblage zones over the last 22.0 Ma, whose corresponding ages are: 22.0-21.0 MaBP, 21.0-18.0 MaBP, 18-16.2 MaBP, 16.2-13.0 MaBP, 13.0-10.0 MaBP, 10.0-5.5 MaBP, 5.5-4.4 MaBP, 4.4-2.8 MaBP, 2.8-1.0 MaBP, 1.0-0 MaBP, respectively. This may imply that dust supply changed at least nine times over the past 22.0 Ma. The loess illite has a better crystaliinity, higher value of the FWHM and IC, than the interbedd soils. Previous studies indicated that irregular mixed layer minerals could form under relatively warm and humid conditions (Han, 1982). According to the general distribution of clay minerals of zonal soil (Chamley, 1989), the clay mineral assemblage of eolian deposits in Xifeng and Qinan sections is typical of temperature-humid and warm-subarid environment. Therefore, our results indicate climatic environment in Loess Plateau did not change remarkably since 22.0 Ma, and fluctuated between temperature-humid and warm-subarid climate. 4. The illite generally presents poorer crystaliinity during the period of 22.0 to 2.8 MaBP than in the last 2.8 Ma BP, especially at the intervals of 3.5-4.5 Ma BP, 14.0-17.0 MaBP and 20.0-22.0 Ma BP, which indicates that the weathering intensity was stronger in Neogene than in Quaternary. 5. The relatively low ice volume and high global temperature may be responsible for the strange weathering intensity during the interval of the 3.5-4.5 Ma BP, 14.0-17.0 Ma BP and 20.0-22.0 Ma BP.