Kaleidescope: women and cinematic change from the silent era to now

We must join women's film history to the process of its theoretical reflection.This will allow us to see the crucial teen years in film history not as an inevitable step towards the longer playing narrative film, but a space in which we might explore the perceptual realities opened up and enabled by film. At the same time that we open film history to disciplines and theories 'separate' from the literary base traditionally brought to film, we must also research and explore film as a transnational undertaking. Western film history has, to date, neglected and elided a number of important regions and cinematic practices that we must now include in research and discussion.

Sujeitos e atores sociais nas representações discursivas de docentes da rede estadual de ensino em Sergipe: uma análise crítica em tempos de Ideb

According to the studies in Applied Linguistics, this thesis is based on an interdisciplinary perspective (Critical Discourse Analysis, Sociology towards Social Change, Cultural Studies and Systemic-Functional Linguistics). The overall objective of the research was to analyze the discourses of Elementary School teachers in the state of Sergipe, by means of the discursive representations of the social actors, the processes of subjectivity and their fragmented identities in the context of standardized evaluations before the requirements of globalized pedagogical practices, based on the result-based management. The critical analysis of such discourses was motivated by the rapid pace with which the demands of innovation become part of the classroom, aiming at reaching the target in what concerns the indexes of the rankings which characterize the globalized discourse of the national education management, like Ideb (Basic Education Development Index), which makes teachers change their discourses, become silent or keep resistant. The work was initially endorsed by the theoretical lines of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2006), and poses a proposal for such purpose: the ASCD Discourse Sociological and Communicative Approach (PEDROSA, 2012, 2013). This is an interpretative-qualitative study of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003; RAMALHO ; RESENDE, 2011) and to carry it out, semi-structured interviews were used as instruments of data generation (BAUER; GASKELL, 2011; GILL, 2011). Its corpus is composed of thirteen accounts of teachers from the Elementary school who teach Portuguese and work in the fifteen schools which were chosen to be the universe of the research at the Regional Board of Education (02) in the state of Sergipe. Such narratives are related to their impressions, expectations and actions which favor the management of results to which they have to submit themselves. The analytical overview of sociological and discursive line comes from the pan-semiotic categories (Inclusion and Exclusion) which appear in the theory of Representation of Social Actors (VAN LEEUWEN, 1997, 2008). To present the processes of subjectivity of these teachers, this work is based on the socio-analytical proposal of the classification of the subjects, which stems from the individual s work in the Gestão Relacional de Si , which comes from the Applied Sociology (towards) Social Change (BAJOIT, 2006, 2009). The discursive analyses were guided word for word, in their majority, by having the Systemic Functional Grammar as their theoretical basis, specifically by the processes of the Transitivity System postulated by Halliday, (1985); Halliday and Mathiessen, (2004); Eggins (2004); Cunha and Souza (2011). The work makes the field of Cultural Studies emerge towards the dialogue and the presentation of the fragmented identities of the teachers in the context of late modernity (GIDDENS, 2002; HALL, 2011). The thesis promoted a reflection over the teacher s condition, who is immerse in this context of knowledge construction of the present Brazilian educational system, the standardized evaluations, the indexes of development, the targets and the rankings. The considerations and outcomes of such a research dealt with the teachers emerging social practices and the need of planned initial and continuing teacher education towards the new moment which is foreseeable

Silent Period-Dentate, Edentulous, and Patients With Craniomandibular Dysfunction

Background: The record of electrical activity of elevator muscles in mandible is important for the evaluation of muscular potency and diagnosis of neuromuscular pathologies, which allows prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to define silent periods (SPs) and the importance in dentistry and compare the SPs in masticatory muscles of dentate and edentulous patients wearing prosthesis considering the presence or absence of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD).Materials and Methods: Literature review in PubMed database.Discussion: Silent periods are isolated pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the primary motor cortex during voluntary muscular activity that generates an interruption of muscular activity for hundredths of milliseconds. The SP duration depends on the patient (dentate or edentulous), type of stimulus, and presence of CMD.Conclusions: The SP is higher in complete edentulous patients and in individuals with occlusal disharmonies than in dentate patients without CMDs. The treatment of CMDs through occlusal therapy decreases SP duration.

Silent Period of Masticatory Cycles in Dentate Subjects and Complete Denture Wearers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess, through electromyographic activity (EMG), the silent period (SP) of masseter and anterior temporal muscles in dentate subjects (DS) and complete denture wearers (CDW).Materials and Methods: The evaluations were performed at the initial and final period of the mastication for the DS group. For the CDW group, the evaluations were performed at the initial period of mastication, with old complete dentures worn for more than 10 years (OCDW) and at the final period of the mastication with new complete dentures (NCDW), 5 months after rehabilitation. Twenty-four asymptomatic subjects (12 DS, 12 CDW) answered a questionnaire based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders. The CDW group answered the questionnaire before and after new denture insertion and after 5 months of rehabilitation. The SP of the muscles was recorded through EMG at the initial and final periods of mastication using artificial food (Optocal). The operator monitored 35 chewing cycles performed to grind the artificial food and selected eight open-close-clench-chewing cycles for the record.Results: The SP of the muscles analyzed with new complete dentures showed no statistical difference in comparison to the old dentures. There was a statistically significant difference in the SP between the CDW and DS groups for initial and final chewing.Conclusion: Lowered muscular capacity and ability reduced the SP of muscles after rehabilitation with NCDWs.

Gastroprotective mechanisms of Citrus lemon (Rutaceae) essential oil and its majority compounds limonene and beta-pinene: Involvement of heat-shock protein-70, vasoactive intestinal peptide, glutathione, sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E-2

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona em borregas lanadas e deslanadas no período de abril a novembro, no Estado de São Paulo

Objetivou-se com este trabalho o fornecimento de informações sobre o padrão de secreção da progesterona (P4) e as características de manifestação do ciclo estral em borregas lanadas e deslanadas, durante o período de abril a novembro, no Estado de São Paulo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas da veia jugular de 12 borregas das raças Santa Inês (SI), Romney Marsh (RM) e Suffolk (SU), e as concentrações foram determinadas pelo método de radioimunoensaio utilizando-se kits comerciais. O estro foi detectado por machos vasectomizados (impregnados com tinta pó xadrez + óleo comestível na região peitoral) em 31 borregas (10 SI, 11 RM e 10 SU). O estro foi determinado pelo confronto da observação de fêmeas marcadas pelos machos vasectomizados e dos valores de concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona inferiores a 1 ng/mL. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos ciclos estrais foi de duração normal (14 - 19 dias) para todas as raças. A duração dos ciclos de duração normal das borregas SU foi inferior aos das borregas SI e RM, as quais não diferiram entre si. Não houve diferença entre as raças na duração dos ciclos curtos (< 14 dias) e longos (20 - 26 dias). O padrão de secreção de P4 mostrou a presença de ciclos estrais múltiplos (27 - 57 dias) indicando a incidência de ovulações silenciosas. As borregas SI encontravam-se em atividade cíclica reprodutiva apresentando valores que variaram de 0,08 a 7,36 ng/mL, enquanto que as raças RM e SU encontravam-se em atividade somente no período de abril a julho com valores que variaram de 0,13 a 7,05 ng/mL e de 0,15 a 7,30 ng/mL, respectivamente. de agosto a novembro, estas duas raças encontravam-se em anestro. Conclui-se que, em São Paulo, a raça SI não possui estacionalidade no ciclo reprodutivo como as raças RM e SU.

MASSETERIC ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SILENT PERIOD DURATION IN PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR-JOINT DYSFUNCTION

1. The present study compared the duration of the electromyographic silent period (SP) of the masseter muscles elicited by chin-tapping in normal asymptomatic adults (N = 39) and in a group with symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) (N = 31).2. EMG activity was recorded from right (RM) and left (LM) masseter muscles using bipolar surface electrodes coupled to a DISA 1500 EMG-System. During maximal clenching, ten taps were applied downwards to the chin with a reflex hammer.3. The mean SP durations obtained for the normal group were 25.45 +/- 4.20 ms (RM) and 25.33 +/- 4.18 ms (LM), whereas the TMJD group presented significantly greater values (P < 0.01, Student t-test) of 41.89 +/- 12.94 ms (RM) and 42.40 +/- 12.99 ms (LM). The upper limits of normality calculated for RM and LM were 32.36 ms and 31.21 ms, respectively. Eighty-four percent of patients with TMJD showed SP durations above these limits.4. The results indicate that the measurement of masseteric SP duration may be used as an objective diagnostic method of TMJ disorders, provided that borderline values are interpreted with caution along with clinical impressions.

Silent period in carpal tunnel syndrome

The silent period is a misunderstood electrophysiological phenomenon leading to several different hypotheses explaining its electrogenesis. It has been studied by different authors and different methodologies giving a wide variability of results, therefore an exact pattern of its normal values does not exist. This work was undertaken to define the normal morphology and duration of the silent period obtained by supramaximal stimulus of the median nerve, during maximum isometric effort of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle against resistance, using 20 adult volunteers without neurological alterations. The normal median duration was 104.6 milliseconds. The same methodology was applied to 20 hands from 20 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The silent period showed many types of morphological alterations, but the major alteration observed was a tendency to temporal elongation. No correlation between the severity of the carpal tunnel syndrome and the silent period alterations were observed.

The silent period in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis

Silent period was evaluated in 20 adult male patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Readings were obtained by supramaximal stimulus to the median nerve, during maximum isometric effort of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle against resistance. Two types of abnormalities were observed, motor neuron hypoexcitability with elongated silent period, and motor neuron hyperexcitability with reduction or absence of silent period. Some abnormalities are probably linked with dialysis duration, but show no correlation to presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. The silent period alterations described in this study could possibly correlate with some other clinical feature frequently seen in patients with chronic renal failure such as hypereflexia of the deep tendon reflexes.

Evaluation of silent period on masticatory cycles of different muscles in dentate oral contraceptives users and nonusers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral contraceptive use on the silent period (SP) of anterior temporal and masseter muscles during the menstrual cycle. Totally, 28 women on reproductive age were selected including 15 nonusers of any hormone and 13 contraceptive users. All patients were dentate without muscular temporomandibular disorders. Electromyography (SP test) of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles was conducted every week during three consecutive menstrual cycles at 1(st) day of menstruation (P1), 7(th) day (P2), 14(th) day (P3) and 21(st) day (P4). The SP values in the anterior temporal and masseter muscles were measured at both sides. The SP values of the right side (13.49 ms) at P2 were significantly different compared to the left side (12.28 ms). However, there was no significant difference on the interactions among the three factors. It can be concluded that the SP values in healthy women in reproductive age may not be influenced by the menstrual cycle with similar results for both muscles.

A Silent Enzootic of an Orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: Evidence for Multi-Species Involvement in the Absence of Widespread Human Disease

Human monkeypox has never been reported in Ghana, but rodents captured in forested areas of southern Ghana were the source of the monkeypox virus introduced into the United States in 2003. Subsequent to the outbreak in the United States, 204 animals were collected from two commercial trapping sites in Ghana. Animal tissues were examined for the presence of orthopoxvirus (OPXV) DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and sera were assayed for antibodies against OPXV. Animals from five genera (Cricetomys , Graphiurus , Funiscirus, and Heliosciurus ) had antibodies against OPXV, and three genera (Cricetomys , Graphiurus , and Xerus) had evidence of OPXV DNA in tissues. Additionally, 172 persons living near the trapping sites were interviewed regarding risk factors for OPXV exposure, and their sera were analyzed. Fifty-three percent had IgG against OPXV; none had IgM. Our findings suggest that several species of forest-dwelling rodents from Ghana are susceptible to naturally occurring OPXV infection, and that persons living near forests may have low-level or indirect exposure to OPXV-infected animals, possibly resulting in sub-clinical infections.