O comportamento do verbo modal poder no discurso de autoajuda: uma investigação no português e no espanhol

This paper aims to contribute with the studies on the modal verb poder as an auxiliary verb, by analyzing, from a functionalist perspective, how it behaves, both in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish, in self-help discourse. In order to do so, we have resorted to the classification of modalities by Hengeveld (2004), with special focus on the notions of target of evaluation and domain of evaluation.

Aforização no discurso de autoajuda

In this paper, based on Maingueneau’s (2006, 2010) thoughts on aphorisation and on the differences between aphorising and textual enunciation, we analyze some detached utterances from the self-help discourse, by highlighting some of their meaning effects and their role in such discourse. The analysis shows that the aphorising detachments support the self-help discourse enunciator in the process of guiding the interlocutors. Such aphorizing detachments allow the enunciator to give order as if he or she were enunciating the truth, which attenuates the enunciator’s authoritative character, who is supposed to give order explicitly. Moreover, such utterances activate the play between “to say and not to say,” by simulating that the self-help discourse is based on an undeniable truth, which reinforces its persuasive power.

A literatura de massa na perspectiva dialógica

Building on some core concepts of dialogic discourse analysis, this article aims to discuss, through an examination of the bestseller lists in Brazil during the years 2000 to 2010, the central features of contemporary mass literature. By the evidence of the prevalence of self-help books, we examine how the phenomenon is consisting. The conclusion that we get is that self-help can be seen both as a discourse genre and as style.

Predictors of Burnout Syndrome in Dentistry Students

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Educação comunitária para a participação na gestão democrática de orgainzação não governamental/Ong

This study examined an example of community education of citizens that aimed to encourage their participation in democratic management of a non-governmental organization (NGO). The research problems were based on the NGO perspective and the ideas of community education and democratic management that guides the education of citizens to participate in the management of this organization. This issue has been studied under the perspective of educators and managers of NGO who performed the work focused on this study. We opted for a qualitative approach with a review of academic literature, questionnaires and individual and group interviews. The results indicated that the perspective of NGO adopted is used in Brazil. These organizations have low politicization and minimize conflicts between social groups. This approach seemed to contradict the prospect of democratic management that encouraged the struggle for rights and engagement in the management of the NGO and public spaces. The contradictions between the approaches of NFO and democratic management probably influenced the adoption of two conceptions of community education. One is dedicated to promoting self-help community to solve their social and economic problems and other inspired by Paulo Freire, which encourages popular mobilization for the questioning of capitalist social organization.

Da dimensão humana à literatura de autoajuda: reflexões sobre a formação e o trabalho docente

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Optical aids for low vision: use of the Internet to guide teachers of the visually impaired

PURPOSES: To describe and interpret teachers' opinions about and responsiveness to guidance on optical aids for low vision. METHODS: It was conducted a cross-sectional analytical study. The convenience, non-random sample consisted of 58 teachers from the public school network of the city of Campinas. It was constructed and applied a structured questionnaire, available online at the assessed website. For qualitative data collection it was conducted an exploratory study using the focus group technique. RESULTS: Responses expressed, for the most part, a marked interest in the website, its easiness of access, and the comprehensive nature of the information provided. Most people reported frequent use of the Internet to seek information, and found it easier to access the Internet at home. Among the qualitative aspects of the evaluation, we should mention the perceived importance of the website as a source of information, despite some criticism about the accessibility and reliability of the information found on the Internet. CONCLUSION: Teachers' need for training to deal with visually impaired students and their positive response to advice and information lead to the conclusion that web-based guidelines on the use of optical aids were considered beneficial to ease the understanding of visual impairment and the rehabilitation of the affected subjects.

Grupos de apoio para homens com câncer de próstata: revisão integrativa da literatura

This article is an integrative literature review to analyze the contribution of national and international studies examining the use of psychological support groups as a care strategy for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The electronic databases consulted were: LILACS, MedLine and PsycINFO, over a period of 20 years (1989-2009) with pre-defined criteria for inclusion. Eleven studies were selected, and based on their contributions some considerations are presented regarding the factors that favor male participation in the support groups and the potential benefits of such participation; as well as their main concerns and the influence of gender identity in the process of coping with illness. Furthermore, studies suggest some models of group intervention, along with orientation for the coordinators which emphasize the importance of these groups as an effective strategy to aid in the process of coping of prostate cancer patients.

L'esplorazione dell'empowerment di un'istuzione di salute mentale

Il ruolo dell’Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziaro è un problema crescente in entrambi i paesi sviluppati e in via di sviluppo. Gli esperti della psichiatria di comunità e dei gruppi di auto aiuto vedono l'empowerment come un fattore chiave per il successo di queste istituzioni. Uno studio quantitativo esplorativo è stato condotto in un ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario a Tirana. Questo studio ha misurato l'empowerment del paziente e il personale con l'obiettivo di comprendere la situazione attuale presso l'O. P. G. di Tirana. Questo consentirà alle parti interessate di effettuare un intervento di successo per servire al meglio le esigenze di tutte le parti. Empowerment in psichiatria può essere definito come un progetto attentamente progettata che contribuirà a consentire al personale di aiutare al meglio a soddisfare le esigenze dei pazienti e dei operatori. Pertanto, l’empowerment scale e altri questionari sono stati utilizzati sia per il paziente e gli operatori del personale dell'O. P. G. di Tirana. I risultati mostrano una differenza significativa tra il personale e i pazienti in materia di empowerment. Correlazioni interessanti sono state trovate tra l’empowerment e dati demografici dei pazienti e il personale dell'Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario di Tirana. Una correlazione positiva tra empowerment e alcuni elementi della qualità di vita dei pazienti. Si è anche trovato che l’empowerment dipendeva dalla gravità dei sintomi. E' molto importante avere un intervento concreto che prevede di aumentare il livello dell’empowerment nel personale e nei pazienti presso l'Ospedale Psichiatrico Giudiziario di Tirana.

Prevention, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care of sepsis: 1st revision of S-2k guidelines of the German Sepsis Society (Deutsche Sepsis-Gesellschaft e.V. (DSG)) and the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI))

Practice guidelines are systematically developed statements and recommendations that assist the physicians and patients in making decisions about appropriate health care measures for specific clinical circumstances taking into account specific national health care structures. The 1(st) revision of the S-2k guideline of the German Sepsis Society in collaboration with 17 German medical scientific societies and one self-help group provides state-of-the-art information (results of controlled clinical trials and expert knowledge) on the effective and appropriate medical care (prevention, diagnosis, therapy and follow-up care) of critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. The guideline had been developed according to the "German Instrument for Methodological Guideline Appraisal" of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF). In view of the inevitable advancements in scientific knowledge and technical expertise, revisions, updates and amendments must be periodically initiated. The guideline recommendations may not be applied under all circumstances. It rests with the clinician to decide whether a certain recommendation should be adopted or not, taking into consideration the unique set of clinical facts presented in connection with each individual patient as well as the available resources.

Palestinian Refugee Camps: from Shelter to Habitat

Palestinian refugees registered with UNRWA and their housing conditions are officially characterized by a “ temporary status” , a situation which has lasted the past sixty years. This article explores this time-paradox by focusing on the host governments’ and UNRWA’s policies affecting the refugees’ housing conditions. After having reviewed available literature, this contribution analyses the current housing situation. Drawing on data from a recent survey, the authors provide insights on areas where intervention is needed. In all UNRWA’s fields of operation, overcrowding, lack of public spaces, humidity and structural defects are the main sources of housing discomfort that camp refugees endure. Host countries’ restrictions as well as the incapacity or unwillingness of larger urban municipalities to incorporate refugee camps in their master plans are among the main obstacles to the refugees’ housing development. Rehabilitation and self-help re-housing programs may offer substantial incentives for housing improvement. The success of such programs depends, among several factors, on the host governments’ good will to provide UNRWA with authorizations, financial support, and land, as well as on the capacity of involving the refugee communities in projects’ planning and implementation.

Psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND: Quitting smoking improves prognosis after a cardiac event, but many patients continue to smoke, and improved cessation aids are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions such as behavioural therapeutic intervention, telephone support and self-help interventions in helping people with coronary heart disease (CHD) to quit smoking. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (issue 2 2003), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX were searched from the start of the database to August 2003. Results were supplemented by cross-checking references, and handsearches in selected journals and systematic reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled studies (RCTs) in patients with CHD with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. After initial selection of the studies three trials with methodological flaws (e.g. high drop out) were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Abstinence rates were computed according to an intention to treat analysis if possible, or if not on follow-up results only. MAIN RESULTS: We found 16 RCTs meeting inclusion criteria. Interventions consist of behavioural therapeutic approaches, telephone support and self-help material and were either focused on smoking cessation alone or addressed several risk factors. The trials mostly included older male patients with CHD, predominantly myocardial infarction. Overall there was a positive effect of interventions on abstinence after 6 to 12 months (odds ratio (OR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 2.22), but substantial heterogeneity between trials. Studies with validated assessment of smoking status at follow-up had lower efficacy (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.11) than non-validated trials (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.93). Studies were clustered by intervention strategy and intensity of the intervention. Clustering reduced heterogeneity, although many trials used more than one type of intervention. The ORs for different strategies were similar (behavioural therapies OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.14; telephone support OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.97; self-help OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.96). More intense interventions showed increased quit rates (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.65) whereas brief interventions did not appear effective (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.22). Two trials had longer term follow-up, and did not show any benefits after 5 years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial smoking cessation interventions are effective in promoting abstinence at 1 year, provided they are of sufficient duration. Further studies, with longer follow-up, should compare different psychosocial intervention strategies, or the addition of a psychosocial intervention strategy to pharmacological therapy (e.g. nicotine replacement therapy) compared with pharmacological treatment alone.

Neighbourhoods Mobilise the Troops - Community Organising, Violence and Governmentality

The article reflects on the difficult relation between community work against domestic violence and local crime prevention under the conditions of the neoliberal state that cuts down on social benefits and promotes self-help, active citizenship and self-responsibility instead while at the same time restoring the punishing state with its strict regime of law-and-order. The author describes a project Tarantula - she started herself while being a social worker in Hamburg, Germany. Tarantula was aimed at strengthening social networks and the neighbours' willingness to get involved in favour of affected women. Although conceptualized as an emancipatory approach referring to community organizing in the tradition of social movements it is questionable whether and how this can really work in the current situation. At present, the field of crime control is being reconfigured as a result of political and administrative decisions, which, for their part, are based on a new structure of social relations and cultural attitudes. The demolition of the 'welfare state' means the re-coding of the security policy that facilitates the development of interventionist techniques that govern and control individuals through their own ability to act.

Decentralisation and Social Services in England

Although Great Britain is not normally credited with the achievement of having been the first nation state to implement measures characteristic of a welfare state (this honour goes to Germany and Bismarck's strategy of promoting social insurance in the 1880s) it nevertheless pioneered many models of welfare services in view of the early onset of industrialisation in that country and the subsequent social problems it created. Organisations like the Mutual Insurance and Friendly Societies, the Charity Organisation Society or the Settlement Movement characterised an early approach to welfare that is based on initiatives at the civil society level and express a sense of self-help or of self-organisation in such a way that it did not involve the state directly. The state, traditionally, dealt with matters of discipline and public order, and for this reason institutions like prisons and workhouses represented the other end of the scale of 'welfare' provisions.

Internetbasierte psychologische Behandlung bei Depressionen

Depression ist die häufigste psychische Erkrankung, aber nur ein geringer Anteil der Betroffenen erhält eine angemessene Behandlung. Internetbasierte Interventionen stellen eine vielversprechende Ergänzung zu traditionellen Behandlungsformen dar, denn über das Internet können breite Bevölkerungsschichten mit wenig Aufwand erreicht werden. Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu internetbasierten Interventionen bei Depressionen dar. Mehrere randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, Metaanalysen und Reviews legen nahe, dass mit strukturierten internetbasierten Interventionen, die regelmäßige Kontakte mit Therapeuten beinhalten (z.B. geleitete Selbsthilfeansätze, E-Mail- oder Chat-Therapien), Effekte erzielt werden können, die mit den Effekten von traditionellen Psychotherapien vergleichbar sind. Ungeleitete Selbsthilfeprogramme sind typischerweise mit hohen Abbrecherquoten und geringeren Effekten verbunden. Die zukünftige Forschung sollte sich vermehrt mit der Frage beschäftigen, wie internetbasierte Interventionen bei Depressionen optimal in die psychosoziale Versorgung integriert werden können. Mögliche Einsatzbereiche und die Einbettung internetbasierter Interventionen in das Versorgungssystem werden dargestellt und diskutiert.