Poverty impacts of agricultural policy adjustments in an opening economy: the case of Colombia

We aim to contribute to the assessment of poverty impacts on the rural sector arising from agricultural policy adjustments in Colombia. For this we use an agriculture specialized static CGE model, jointly (sequentially) with a microsimulation model that allows for effective job relocation. Results indicate that the sectoral impact of the program implemented tends to be small and has considerable variability across crops. They also show that the highest impacts come from the irrigation and land improvements component of the program. Lastly, although it reduces poverty, poverty impacts are small and tend to concentrate in rural households toward the middle of the income distribution ladder.

¿Existe una trampa de pobreza en el sector rural en Colombia?

A diferencia de la generalidad de trabajos sobre la pobreza rural en Colombia, este estudio emplea un enfoque de activos para indagar acerca de los determinantes de la pobreza rural. En particular se examinan la existencia de no convexidades locales en el proceso de generación de ingresos, el grado de concentración de los hogares en ciertos rangos de acumulación de activos y la presencia de retornos marginales diferenciados a los activos. Con base en esto se proporciona evidencia prima facie acerca de la existencia de una trampa de pobreza en el sector rural, abriendo una línea promisoria de investigación sobre el tema, que puede contribuir de forma importante a su comprensión y a un mejor diseño de política social y sectorial.

Parròquia i societat rural al Bisbat de Girona, segles XIII i XIV

La parròquia, poc valorada per la historiografia medieval, fou una la institució fonamental per a l'ordenació de la societat rural del bisbat de Girona entre els segles X i XIV. Constituïa un territori ben delimitat, els habitants del qual rebien els sagraments eclesiàstics dels clergues que regien l'església i, a través de l'obreria i dels obrers, participaven en la gestió del temple i de la seva economia. La parròquia va incidir directament en l'ordenació del poblament rural a través tant dels nuclis eclesials o "celleres" com dels masos dispersos pel terme d'una parròquia. A més, la parròquia era una important font de rendes: a través de la documentació generada pel bisbe de Girona, el delme era una renda en mans, sobretot, de senyors feudals, cavallers i importants institucions eclesiàstiques; els clergues parroquials només rebien les primícies i altres drets de menor valor. Finalment, la parròquia contribuí enormement a la configuració de les comunitats rurals de bona part del bisbat de Girona.

Participatory rural appraisal of dairy farms in the north west province of Cameroon

A Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was conducted in dairy farms of the North West Province of Cameroon. The aim of the PRA was to have a better understanding of the prevailing dairy systems, identify problems, and set priorities for research and development that can contribute to improved systems of production. A multidisciplinary team of researchers and extension agents was constituted. It was made up of scientists of the following fields: cattle management, forage science, agro economy, veterinary, dairy technology, nutrition and extension. The research team visited farmers' groups and divided itself into subgroups for farm and village walks during which direct observations were also noted. The extension agent of the locality, key informants, gave additional information overlooked by farmers. Interviews were also carried out with other stakeholders of the dairy sector. The research team met the day following the visit to agree on a common report. Results show that five small scale dairy production systems are found in the region: transhumance, improved extensive, semi intensive, zero grazing and peri-urban. Agriculture is well integrated to dairying. Main constraints include in order of importance: poor marketing opportunities and long distances to market, limited grazing land and poor supplementation strategies, poor reproductive management and poor calving interval, inadequate knowledge in processing, hygiene and milk preservation, and limited health control. In market oriented farms, reproduction and feeding were the most important constraints. Main factors influencing dairy production are: milk collection, fresh milk price, consumer demand, genotype and management. These results suggest that much can be done to improve production by extending improved packages to dairy farmers.

Small towns as 'sub-poles' in English rural development: Investigating rural-urban linkages using sub-regional social accounting matrices

This paper uses spatial economic data from four small English towns to measure the strength of economic integration between town and hinterland and to estimate the magnitude of town-hinterland spill-over effects. Following estimation of local integration indicators and inter-locale flows, sub-regional social accounting matrices (SAMs) are developed to estimate the strength of local employment and output multipliers for various economic sectors. The potential value of a town as a 'sub-pole' in local economic development is shown to be dependent on structural differences in the local economy, such as the particular mix of firms within towns. Although the multipliers are generally small, indicating a low level of local linkages, some sectors, particularly financial services and banking, show consistently higher multipliers for both output and employment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Livelihood diversification and moneylending in a Rajasthan village: what lessons for rural financial services?

The complexity of rural economies in developing countries is increasingly recognised, as is the need to tailor poverty reduction policies according to the diversity of rural households and their requirements. By reference to a village in Western India, the paper examines the results of a longitudinal micro-level research approach, employed for the study of livelihood diversification and use of informal finance. Over a 25-year period, livelihoods are shown to have become more complex, in terms of location, types of non-farm activities, and combinations of activities. Moreover, livelihood pathways taken continue to be critically affected by economic and social inequalities implicit in the caste system and tribal economy. A longitudinal micro-level research approach is shown to be one that can effectively identify the many complexities of rural livelihoods and the continued dependence on the informal financial sector, providing important insights into the requirements for rural financial products and services.

A previdência rural universalista e a sua relevância na economia dos municípios do Rio Grande do Norte

This study deals with the rural social security Universalist established by the Constitution of 1988 and its importance in the economy of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. In this context, the study seeks to satisfy two important criteria that guide the selection of objects of social science research: a consideration of issues that have relevance to the real world and the intention to make the contribution to the scholarly literature on theoretical and empirical aspects. The research seeks to reveal what is the economic importance of the subsystem of social security for rural municipalities in RN. The hypothesis is that the transfer of income received by beneficiaries from the rural social security tax exceeds the explicit mechanisms for most municipalities in RN, in many cases significantly, proving the importance of this policy as a mechanism for combating poverty and reducing social inequality, especially before the fragility of the federal system on the national political entity hall. The study presents theoretical cores - chapters 1-3 - and empirical - Chapter 4. The first core is about the evolution of social protection as a state policy, addressing the influential theories and typologies of the State of Social Welfare and the characteristics of the Brazilian social security model, but mainly, its rural social security subsystem, its history until universalistic model inaugurated by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The second begins with an overview of studies that have emphasized the impact of Social Security on the local economy of small municipalities, then passing data and statistics in order to gauge the socioeconomic importance of pension income in the rural municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, the final chapter provides a comparison of the monetary value transferred by the payment of social security benefits - rural and urban - to each of the 167 municipalities in RN with the equally important sources of income in the budget of municipal entities. Apart from their own tax revenues, are objects of comparison with the value of pension benefits awarded in RN, transfer quota state relating to the municipality on the federal ICMS and the transfer on the FPM

A produção do espaço rural no município de Ceará-Mirim

This research intended to study the process of production of the rural space in the municipal district of Little Ceará-Mirim, looking for to identify the transformations in him happened, above all in the last thirty years. Since the beginning of your historical formation, the area in study had as element modelador and transformer of the physiognomy of your territory the culture canavieira that printed in your economy and in your society marks of a powerful nobility. The sugar-cane is covered of a cyclical character facing acme phases and decadence, as the one that it happens at the present time. Simultaneously, the sphere rural cearimirinense is going by changes by the implantation of modern companies gone back to the papaya production destined to the internal market and more precisely to the external market. Of this context they also consist the supplying farms of this same product. In the group of the establishments in the rural landscape here analyzed, they still interfere the mixed farms, the ones that practice agriculture, the ones that were devoted to the livestock, as well as the farms and the ranches. Another innovation is the caprinocultura developed in modern molds, using the system voisin of pasture rodízio being constituted in a pioneering experience in Brazil. Of that reality they announce other elements, to example of the establishments, being configured as new forms of use of the soil. In the perspective of turning them productive, the challenge resides of overcoming the difficulties in them existent. The reality of the space in screen is replete of lacks in all the instances. It is inferred that the municipal district possesses an enormous potential, however the performance of the administrative components is seen as deficient. He becomes urgent that the municipal public power promotes changes, mainly in what it respects to the social area, with a better attendance to the rural communities, for them to act positively in the process of the development of this municipal district

O imposto territorial rural e os municípios: o impacto nas receitas municipais e a renúncia fiscal

O artigo reúne uma análise do impacto da arrecadação do Imposto Territorial Rural no período de 1995 a 1997 nos municípios paulistas de Bragança Paulista, Franca e Porto Ferreira frente à composição das receitas municipais. A análise é realizada com base nas legislações do imposto vigentes no período e realiza comparações de arrecadação e projeções tendo como referência os valores da terra nua arbitrados pela Secretaria da Receita Federal (SRF) e pesquisados pelo Instituto de Economia Agrícola da Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios da Agricultura e Abastecimento de São Paulo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam percentuais de evasão fiscal que atingiram de 18% a 52% e inadimplência de até 31% e esse perfil de evasão se acentua quando a partir de 1996 a SRF deixa de estabelecer o valor da terra nua mínimo (VTNm) e passa a tomar como referência apenas os valores declarados pelo contribuinte.

The Cuban economy

Includes bibliography

Avaliação do grau de importância dos atributos da qualidade de software definidos pela norma ISO 9126 sob a ótica do produtor rural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cooperativa agrícola resistência do Tocantins - CART: alternativa de organização sócio-produtiva do pequeno produtor rural em Cametá/Pará

Esta dissertação trata de uma análise sobre as estratégias de pequenos produtores rurais organizados em cooperativas na busca da garantia de trabalho e renda, no município de Cametá, Pará. De tal modo, considerou-se, inicialmente, as influências pelas condições de inserção social, produtiva e econômica e o incentivo pela Prelazia e instituições de assessoria que reforçam essa organização. Nesse trajeto, o Sindicato de Trabalhadores (as) Rurais motivaram lutas reivindicatórias para a melhoria das condições socioeconômicas locais em Cametá. As reflexões teóricas e a realidade prática, desses autores, mostram que as relações de promoção vêm sendo articuladas na perspectiva das transformações que tem impactado esse município, as quais foram agravadas desde a implantação dos grandes projetos na Amazônia, a exemplo da implantação da Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, que alterou significativamente o modo de vida dessa população. Dessa forma, os trabalhadores rurais, organizados coletivamente, passaram a atuar pela superação dessas dificuldades, através de atividades produtivas como estratégia de desenvolvimento local sustentável, evidenciando a garantia de instrumentos para a produção e comercialização de frutos, com ênfase no açaí, mas também em outros produtos como a farinha de mandioca e recentemente as sementes oleaginosas. Portanto, desenvolve-se uma caracterização sócio-produtiva de Cametá, analisa-se o surgimento do STR - Cametá, a criação da CART, particularizando sua relação às estratégias de comercialização em rede por meio da organização do Consórcio de Comercialização e da Federação das Cooperativas da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária - FECAFES como instrumento de valorização produtiva estratégica à organização dos pequenos produtores rurais de Cametá.

Transformações no espaço rural a partir do turismo: um olhar sobre São Martinho (SC)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Agricultura familiar como sustentabilidade: estudo de caso do planaldo rural de Montes Claros - MG

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas para o turismo no espaço rural na Rota das Terras - RS

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE