206 resultados para rootstocks


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O efeito de cinco composições de substratos na produção de mudas de laranjeira `Pêra' (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck) foi estudado sobre três porta-enxertos (limoeiro `Cravo', Citrus limonia, L. Osbeck; tangerineira `Cleópatra', Citrus reticulata, Blanco; e citrumeleiro `Swingle', Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata). O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento estatístico de blocos aleatorizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 (substratos x porta-enxertos). As composições de misturas utilizadas como substrato e respectivas combinações volumétricas foram: 1) Terra (100%); 2) Terra (33%) + areia fina (33%) + esterco bovino curtido (33%); 3) Terra (33%) + vermiculita (33%) + esterco bovino curtido (33%); 4) Terra (33%) + raspas de madeira (33%) + esterco bovino curtido (33%); 5) Terra (25%) + raspas de madeira (25%) + areia fina (25%) + esterco bovino curtido (25%). A análise dos resultados revelou que plantas de limoeiro `Cravo' e citrumeleiro `Swingle' apresentaram maior desenvolvimento do que as de tangerineira `Cleópatra'. A mistura de materiais com solo mostrou-se vantajosa e induziu à formação de plantas mais desenvolvidas do que aquelas em substrato constituído de terra exclusivamente. A composição do substrato influenciou diferentemente no desenvolvimento de cada porta-enxerto, mas de uma forma geral, composições contento 1/3 de volume de solo e 1/3 de volume de esterco bovino proporcionaram bons resultados para os três porta-enxertos estudados.

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Plântulas de tangerina 'Cleópatra'(Citrus reshni hort. ex. Tanaka), foram utilizadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições no esquema de parcelas sub-divididas, onde os tratamentos principais foram 5 concentrações de ácido giberélico: T1 = 0, T2 = 25, T3 = 50, T4 = 100 e T5 = 150 mg.L-1, parceladas em quatro pulverizações. As coletas de material foram realizadas dos 70 aos 210 dias, em intervalos de 14 dias. Pelos resultados obtidos, o fitorregulador promoveu efeito favorável com relação ao incremento do comprimento do caule, sendo que aplicações de 100 e 150 mg.L-1 foram superiores as demais. O diâmetro do caule não foi influenciado pela aplicação de ácido giberélico.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A nutritional survey was carried out in 93 vineyards of the wine regions of Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales (state of São Paulo-Brazil), aiming to compare the nutrient concentration in leaf samples, the concentration of nitrate and potassium in the petiole sap and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) of 'Niagara Rosada' vineyard. Leaves, blade and petiole in full bloom vines were sampled in 20 plants selected from each vineyard, and evaluations of the IRC in the leaf blade and the levels of NO3-and K in the petioles sap were realized. Macro and micronutrients concentrations were measured in leaf samples. The sampled vineyards were grouped by region of study, and each vineyard was considered as a replicate sample, totaling 45, 24 and 24 repetitions, in Jundiai, Sao Miguel Arcanjo and Jales, respectively. Sampled vineyards from the Jales region showed higher leaf concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Mn, and also higher IRC and levels of nitrate and potassium in the petiole. These differences were related to the different rootstocks used, which were 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572' and 'Riparia of Traviu', respectively, for Jundiai, Jales and Sao Miguel Arcanjo. The differences highlight the need to adjust the concentration ranges of nutrients in leaf analysis, through regional trials, taking into account the rootstock and the region under study.

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Se estudió la ocurrencia de Lonchaeidae en variedades de melocotón, conducidos sobre los patrones ‘Okinawa’ y Umê: Tropical, Ouromel 3, Jóia 4, Régis, Talismã, Aurora 2, Aurora 1, Dourado 2 y Doçura 2. Se colectaron muestras de 30 frutos por planta en el Banco de Germoplasma en Presidente Prudente, Brasil. Se obtuvieron 633 especímenes de Lonchaeidae; 394 de ellos en frutos de variedades sobre ‘Okinawa’ y 239 sobre Umê. Se capturaron especies como Neosilba zadolicha, N. inesperata, N. pendula, N. certa y Neosilba spp. (hembras). N. zadolicha y N. inesperata, se observaron en 77,78% de las muestras de las variedades sobre ‘Okinawa’. Sobre el patrón Umê la mayor incidencia fue de N. zadolicha , N. inesperata y N. pendula (55,6%, 33,3% y 33,3% respectivamente). Las variedades Ouromel 3, Talismã, Doçura 2 y Aurora 2 presentaron mayores infestaciones por Lonchaeidae. N. certa tuvo una menor incidencia y sólo se observó en la variedad Doçura 2 sobre ‘Okinawa’. Plantas con mayor número de frutos presentaron mayor incidencia de moscas por fruto; sin embargo, no hubo correlación entre peso del fruto y número de moscas. No se observó diferencia para peso del fruto y número de moscas por fruto entre los dos patrones, ‘Okinawa’ y Umê. Melocotones crecidos en los patrones ‘Okinawa’ y Umê en Presidente Prudente están infestados por especies de Lonchaeidae que presentan preferencia independientemente del peso de los frutos. El aporte de este trabajo al conocimiento de la comunidad de especies de Lonchaeidae ofrece una base para su control.

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Brazilian citriculture represents about 25% of the total world citrus production with an area of 851,518 ha and a total production of more than 17 million tons in 1996. Besides its importance to the brazilian economy, represented by more than 1 billion US $ by year from FCOJ exportation, the citriculture has problems related to low productivity, due to several cultural practices and management. The productivity would be improved by an IFP system. The main problems are related to soil, as poor conservation, use of poor drained soils and bad preparation for planting; diseases-canker, CVC, leprosis, Phytophtora gummosis and other fungus diseases; pests - mites, scales, nematodes and others; the use of disease free and improved scion and rootstocks propagative material is usual; cultural practices - as nutrition, irrigation, wind breaks, weed control, pruning, replant and others, as density planting could be improved. Some possible solutions will be discussed for improving the brazilian citrus productivity and quality by IFP, based on research made.

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Twelve rootstocks were evaluated: 1) pumpkin 'Big Power' (Cucurbita ntoschata); 2) pumpkin 'Seca' (Cucurbita moschata); 3) bottle gourd 'Longa' (Lagenaria siceraria); 4) 'Cachi' (Lagenaria siceraria); 5) bottle gourd 'Marimba' (Lagenaria siceraria); 6) 'Mogango' (Cucurbita maxima); 7) pumpkin 'Kirameki' (Cucurbita moschata); 8) pumpkin 'Caravela' (Cucurbita moschata); 9) pumpkin 'Shelper' (Cucurbita moschata); 10) 'Gherkin' (Cucumis anguria); 11) 'Loofah' (Luffa cylindrica); and 12) pumpkin 'Goianinha' (Cucurbita moschata) with respect to compatibility with melon yield, and the production and quality of fruits from cv. Bônus No. 2, non-grafted and grafted with 9 of these rootstocks (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11). The bottle gourd 'Marimba' provided the highest percentage of grafting success between the vine and rootstock. The rootstocks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 did not differ from bottle gourd 'Marimba', therefore also indicating good compatibility with the melon cv. Bônus No. 2. For height of the plants, it was shown in the first evaluation that rootstock 5 produced a greater height of the plant, differing only from rootstocks 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 and non-grafted cv. Bônus No. 2. In the second evaluation, 'Big Power' showed the greatest value for height of the plant, differing only from combinations with 'Cachi', 'Mogango', 'Shelper' and 'Loofah'. With regard to number of leaves, in the first evaluation rootstocks 3, 4 and 6 had the greatest number of leaves, but in the second 4, 9 and 11 had the greatest. For dry weight of the stem, the greatest value was obtained with 'Mogango' in the first evaluation and with 'Big Power' in the second. For leaf area of the plants, a difference was found among the treatments only in the first evaluation, where the combination with bottle gourd 'Longa' showed a greater leaf area, but did not differ from the combinations with rootstocks 1, 4, 5 and 6. Differences were demonstrated among the treatments only for the transverse diameter of the fruit, where the combination with rootstock bottle gourd 'Marimba' showed the greatest value, differing only from the combination with 'Gherkin'. There were no significant differences for the mean longitudinal diameter, pulp thickness and total soluble solids among the treatments studied.

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Most of the interspecific rootstocks (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum) used in grafted Spanish tomato crops are resistant to Meloidogyne nematodes, but the 'Mi' resistance gene does not work well at high soil temperatures. Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial disease usual in tropical areas, but recently identified with low incidence in several European countries. This disease could be controlled by grafting tomato on Solanum torvum, which is also resistant to Meloidogyne. However, S. torvum and tomato have low grafting affinity, which could be improved using an intermediate rootstock. Some cultivars of eggplant have a relatively good affinity with tomato and complete affinity with S. torvum. In this study we compared two tomato cultivars (one resistant to Verticillium dalihae, Fusarium oxysporum v. lycopersici race 2 and Meloidogyne spp., and one non-resistant) grafted onto 'Beaufort' (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum), 'Torvum Vigor' (Solanum torvum) and also with an intermediate grafting of eggplant ('Cristal') between tomato and S. torvum, with nongrafted plants as controls. This arrangement was carried out in two cropping cycles (winter-spring and summer-autumn). In both cycles, plants grafted onto S. torvum, both single or double grafted, yielded less than those grafted onto 'Beaufort' or nongrafted plants. In the spring cycle, no differences were found between single and double-grafted plants using S. torvum rootstocks, but in the autumn cycle double grafted plants had higher yields than the single grafted plants. The severity of nematode infections, in terms of reducing yields, and/or hypothetical infections of Ralstonia, will determine the utility of this technique in tomato production.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)