Raman spectroscopy analysis of structural photoinduced changes in GeS(2) + Ga(2)O(3) thin films

Photoexpansion and photobleaching effects have been observed in amorphous GeS(2) + Ga(2)O(3) (GGSO) thin films, when their surfaces were exposed to UV light. The photoinduced changes on the surface of the samples are indications that the structure has been changed as a result of photoexcitation. In this paper, micro-Raman, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and backscattering electrons (BSE) microscopy were the techniques used to identify the origin of these effects. Raman spectra revealed that these phenomena are a consequence of the Ge-S bonds` breakdown and the formation of new Ge-O bonds, with an increase of the modes associated with Ge-O-Ge bonds and mixed oxysulphide tetrahedral units (S-Ge-O). The chemical composition measured by EDX and BSE microscopy images indicated that the irradiated area is oxygen rich. So, the present paper provides fundamental insights into the influence of the oxygen within the glass matrix on the considered photoinduced effects. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

L-(2-Quinolyl)-2-naphthol: A new intra-intermolecular photoacid-photobase molecule

Photochemical and photophysical properties of 1-(2-quinolyl)-2-naphthol (2QN) in water and organic solvents, as well in glassy media were studied to investigate the occurrence of intramolecular excited state prototropic reactions between the naphthol and quinoline rings. Spectral data show the two chromophores apparently behaving independently. However, in acid aqueous media or in low polarity solvents a new electronic transition red shifted band with respect to that of the parent compounds assigned to an intramolecular H-bond and to a quinoid form, respectively, shows up. Model calculations and R-X data lend support to a minimum energy conformer having a dihedral angle of similar to 39 degrees between the two groups. Singlet excited state properties (S-1) show a high suppressive effect of one ring over the other, resulting in very low emission yields at room temperature. The occurrence of excited state intramolecular proton transfer is observed in water (zwitter ion form) and in low polarity media (quinoid form) and originates from a previously CT H-bonded state. Phosphorescence data allowed a reasonable description of the electronic states of 2QN. In addition two new derivatives were prepared having the N atom blocked by methylation and both the N and O groups blocked by a CH2 bridge. The spectral data of these two compounds confirmed the attributions made for 2QN. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efeito dos ácidos D-2-hidroxiglutárico e L-2-hidroxiglutárico sobre vários parâmetros do metabolismo energético em cérebro, músculo esquelético e músculo cardíaco de ratos

As acidúrias L-2-hidroxiglutárica (LHGA) e D-2-hidroxiglutárica (DHGA) são distúrbios neurometabólicos hereditários caracterizados por extenso e severo dano cerebral, ocasionando predominantemente convulsões, coma e atrofia cerebral. Na LHGA, as lesões cerebrais ocorrem principalmente no cerebelo enquanto a maior parte do cérebro é afetada na DHGA. Além disso, hipotonia, fraqueza e hipotrofia muscular, bem como cardiomiopatia têm sido observadas nos pacientes afetados por essas acidemias orgânicas, com maior freqüência na DHGA. Bioquimicamente, ocorre acúmulo tecidual dos ácidos L- 2-hidroxiglutárico (LGA) e D-2-hidróxiglutárico (DGA), respectivamente, na LHGA e na DHGA. Além disso, elevadas concentrações urinárias de lactato, 2-cetoglutarato e outros metabólitos do ciclo de Krebs têm sido descritas em pacientes acometidos por essas patologias, sugerindo uma disfunção mitocondrial. mitocondrial. Tendo em vista que a etiopatogenia da disfunção tecidual nesses pacientes é desconhecida, o presente trabalho investigou o efeito in vitro dos ácidos LGA e DGA sobre diversos parâmetros do metabolismo energético celular. Inicialmente, avaliamos o efeito dos ácidos DGA e LGA sobre a utilização de glicose e produção de CO2 em homogeneizados e fatias de córtex cerebral. Verificamos que o DGA reduziu significativamente tanto o consumo de glicose quanto a produção de CO2 pelo córtex cerebral, enquanto o LGA não demonstrou efeito sobre esses parâmetros. Além disso, o DGA inibiu significativamente a atividade da citocromo c oxidase em homogeneizado de córtex cerebral de ratos (35-95%), de forma dose-dependente, sem alterar a atividade dos demais complexos da cadeia respiratória. A inibição verificada foi do tipo acompetitiva. Por outro lado, o LGA não alterou a atividade de nenhum dos complexos enzimático estudados. Posteriormente, avaliamos o efeito in vitro dos ácidos DGA e LGA sobre a atividade da creatina quinase (CK) em homogeneizado total e nas frações citosólica e mitocondrial de tecido cerebral, muscular esquelético e cardíaco de ratos. Os resultados mostraram que o DGA inibiu significativamente a atividade das isoformas mitocondrial e citosólica da CK em preparações de córtex cerebral, músculo esquelético de cardíaco. Por outro lado, tanto DGA quanto LGA inibiram seletivamente a isoforma mitocondrial em preparações de cerebelo. Estudos cinéticos mostraram um perfil não competitivo de inibição com relação à fosfocreatina para ambos os ácidos nos tecidos estudados. Além IV disso, observamos também que o efeito inibitório de ambos os ácidos foi totalmente revertido por glutationa reduzida, sugerindo uma modificação causada pelos metabólitos sobre os grupos sulfidrila, essenciais para a atividade da enzima. Nossos resultados sugerem que a inibição significativa causada pelo DGA sobre as atividades da citocromo c oxidase e da creatina quinase no córtex cerebral, assim como nos músculos cardíaco e esquelético poderiam explicar, ao menos em parte, a fisiopatogenia da disfunção neurológica e anormalidades estruturais no sistema nervoso central, bem como a mitocondriopatia esquelética e a cardiomiopatia presente nos pacientes afetados por DHGA. Por outro lado, é possível que a inibição seletiva da creatina quinase mitocondrial provocada pelo LGA em cerebelo possa estar associada à degeneração cerebelar característica dos pacientes com LHGA.

Photoluminescence of Eu(3+) ion in SnO(2) obtained by sol-gel

Photoluminescence data of Eu-doped SnO(2) xerogels are presented, yielding information on the symmetry of Eu(3+) luminescent centers, which can be related to their location in the matrix: at lattice sites, substituting to Sn(4+), or segregated at particles surface. Influence of doping concentration and/or particle size on the photoluminescence spectra obtained by energy transfer from the matrix to Eu(3+) sites is investigated. Results show that a better efficiency in the energy transfer processes is obtained for high symmetry Eu(3+) sites and low doping levels. Emission intensity from (5)D(0) -> (7)F(1) transition increases as the temperature is raised from 10 to 240 K, under excitation at 266 nm laser line, because in this transition the multiphonon emission becomes significant only above 240 K. As an extension of this result, we predict high effectiveness for room temperature operation of Eu-based optical communication devices. X-ray diffraction data show that the impurity excess inhibits particle growth, which may influence the asymmetry ratio of luminescence spectra.

A new spin-2 self-dual model in D=2+1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dual descriptions of spin-two massive particles in D=2+1 via master actions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Duality of parity doublets of helicity +/- 2 in D=2+1 dimensions

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Characterization of generalized Bessel polynomials in terms of polynomial inequalities

Generalized Bessel polynomials (GBPs) are characterized as the extremal polynomials in certain inequalities in L-2 norm of Markov type. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

Search for neutral Higgs bosons in the multi-b-jet topology in 5.2 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the ZH -> v(v)over-barb(b)over-bar Channel in 5.2 fb(-1) of p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Azimuthal decorrelations and multiple parton interactions in gamma+2 jet and gamma+3 jet events in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exact boundary control for the wave equation in a polyhedral time-dependent domain

We establish exact boundary controllability for the wave equation in a polyhedral domain where a part of the boundary moves slowly with constant speed in a small interval of time. The control on the moving part of the boundary is given by the conormal derivative associated with the wave operator while in the fixed part the control is of Neuman type. For initial state H-1 x L-2 we obtain controls in L-2. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) extracts as a modulator of micronuclei induced in HEp-2 cells

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) is one of the most consumed mushrooms, for both therapeutic purposes and as food, therefore, the study of its biological properties is of great interest for producers and consumers. Aqueous extracts of the shiitake mushroom (L. edodes (Berkeley) Pegler) were evaluated by the micronucleus test (MN) in HEp-2 cells in vitro, to analyze their possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activities. None of the three extract concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL) presented mutagenicity at any of the preparation temperatures (4 degrees C, 22 +/- 2 degrees C and 60 degrees C). In the antimutagenicity evaluation, all extract concentrations at all preparation temperatures presented a strong protective activity for the HEp-2 cells in response to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in the different treatment protocols: pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment. The extracts prepared at 22 +/- 2 degrees C presented the lowest frequencies of MN in the evaluations of mutagenicity and antimutagenicity, indicating these as the best option for potential therapeutic use. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Generalized soldering of +/- 2 helicity states in D=2+1

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Quadratic effective action for QED in D=2,3 dimensions

We calculate the effective action for quantum electrodynamics (QED) in D=2,3 dimensions at the quadratic approximation in the gauge fields. We analyze the analytic structure of the corresponding nonlocal boson propagators nonperturbatively in k/m. In two dimensions for any nonzero fermion mass, we end up with one massless pole for the gauge boson. We also calculate in D=2 the effective potential between two static charges separated by a distance L and find it to be a linearly increasing function of L in agreement with the bosonized theory (massive sine-Gordon model). In three dimensions we find nonperturbatively in k/m one massive pole in the effective bosonic action leading to screening. Fitting the numerical results we derive a simple expression for the functional dependence of the boson mass upon the dimensionless parameter e2/m. ©2000 The American Physical Society.