914 resultados para preventive dental care
Resumo:
Ageing of the population, together with prolonged retention of teeth, has brought new challenges to dentistry. Whereas in the past oral care for the elderly was restricted to provision of dentures, older patients are now presenting with dental caries and failed restorations. These problems may have an impact on their general health and quality of life. Poor oral hygiene, xerostomia and diet are among the risk factors for caries in older patients and need to be addressed in order to achieve control of the disease. Carious lesions can be treated conservatively in many cases or may need surgical management.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Caries is an oral health issue among older patients and can result in tooth loss. Oral health has a great impact on general health and quality of life of elderly people.
Resumo:
Population trends suggest that the Irish population is ageing, and that this population will have substantial treatment needs. These patients will be better informed than previous generations, and will demand treatment aimed at preserving a natural dentition. This will impact upon delivery of oral healthcare and manpower planning needs to consider how to address the increased demand for dental care. Poor oral health is associated with systemic health problems, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes mellitus. It also has a negative impact upon quality of life, and the World Health Organisation has encouraged public healthcare administrators and decision makers to design effective and affordable strategies for better oral health and quality of life of older adults, which, in turn, are integrated into general health management programmes. Treatment concepts such as minimally invasive dentistry and the shortened dental arch concept are discussed in the context of these demographic changes and recommendations.
Resumo:
The proportion of adults over the age of 60 years is expanding rapidly across European Union countries, including the Republic of Ireland. As the older population has grown faster than the total population, the proportion of older persons relative to the rest of the population has increased considerably (Figure 1). This trend mirrors the arrival of the “baby boomer� generation into early old age and will have wide ranging effects on social, political and economic spheres as well as presenting significant challenges for healthcare delivery and public healthcare policy.
Resumo:
Caries experience is high in the elderly, and barriers to care for older adults include fear and cost. Access to care is especially problematic in the case of frail and homebound elderly. Objective: to compare the survival of restorations placed using Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and a conventional technique using rotary instruments and a resin-modified glass-ionomer (CT) to treat carious lesions in older patients. Methods: In this randomised clinical trial, 99 independently living adults (65-90 yrs) with carious lesions were recruited from a geriatric day hospital and a community centre and randomly allocated to receive either ART or conventional restorations. They received tailored oral hygiene instructions and scaling and polishing of teeth prior to restoration placement. The survival of restorations was assessed 6, 12 and 24 months after restoration placement by an independent examiner. Results: Ninety-nine patients participated in the trial, 46 males and 53 females, with a mean age of 73.2 (SD: 6.8). In total, 300 restorations were placed, 142 ART in 51 patients and 158 conventional restorations in 48 patients, with an average of 2.8 ART (SD: 1.83) and 3.2 conventional (SD: 2.62) restorations placed per patient. After 2 years, 88 ART and 117 conventional restorations were assessed. The restoration survival percentages were 93.1% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: ART was found to be as effective as a conventional restorative approach to treat older adults after 2 years and could be a useful tool to provide dental care for older dentate adults.
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Objective: This review intends to examine current research surrounding economic assessment in the delivery of dental care. Economic evaluation is an acknowledged method of analysing dental care systems by means of efficiency, effectiveness, efficacy and availability. Though this is a widely used method in medicine, it is underappreciated in dentistry. As the delivery of health care changes there has been recent demand by the public, the profession, and those funding dental treatment to investigate current practices regarding programs themselves and resource allocation.
Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted regarding health economics. The initial search was carried out using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and The Cochrane Library with search terms “health AND economics AND dentistry”. A secondary search was conducted with the terms “heath care AND dentistry AND”. The third part of the entry was changed to address the aims and included the following terms: “cost benefit analysis”, “efficiency criteria”, “supply & demand”, “cost-effectiveness”, “cost minimisation”, “cost utility”, “resource allocation”, “QALY”, and “delivery and economics”. Limits were applied to all searches to only include papers published in English within the last eight years.
Results: Preliminary results demonstrated a limited number of economic evaluations conducted in dentistry. Those that were carried out were mainly confined to the United Kingdom. Furthermore analysis was mainly restricted to restorative dentistry, followed by orthodontics, and maxillofacial surgery, thereby demonstrating a need for investigation in all fields of dentistry.
Conclusion: Health economics has been overlooked in the past regarding delivery of dental care and resource allocation. Economic appraisal is a crucial part of generating an effective and efficient dental care system. It is becoming increasingly evident that there is a need for economic evaluation in all dental fields.
Resumo:
Les mesures de contrôle de la contamination croisée sont principalement concentrées dans la salle opératoire dentaire alors que les articles transférés entre la clinique et le laboratoire dentaire et les instruments de laboratoire ont reçu peu d’attention. Cette étude vise à documenter l’application des mesures d’asepsie sur ces articles par les professionnels du domaine dentaire ainsi que leurs perceptions entourant ces mesures. Un questionnaire autoadministré et anonyme a été envoyé à un échantillon aléatoire des dentistes, denturologistes et directeurs de laboratoire dentaire qui étaient inscrits aux listes des ordres professionnels en juin 2008 dans la province de Québec. Des 1100 questionnaires envoyés, 376 ont été retournés remplis. Presque trois quarts (72,1 %) des répondants affirment faire l’asepsie des instruments de laboratoire et 74,9 %, la désinfection des articles transférés mais avec des pourcentages variables selon le groupe d’articles (empreintes, prothèses, etc.). Seulement 9,1 % de professionnels identifient de façon générale les articles désinfectés avant l’envoi. Plus de la moitié des professionnels (51,4 %) trouvent qu’ils n’ont pas assez d’information sur l’asepsie des articles transférés et 62,4 %, qu’elle est difficile à appliquer. Cette étude est la première réalisée auprès des trois groupes de professionnels et la première à étudier leurs perceptions entourant l’asepsie des articles transférés et de l’instrumentation de laboratoire. Nous avons démontré que l’application des mesures d’asepsie à ces articles par les professionnels du domaine dentaire n’est pas toujours conforme aux normes proposées et qu’il existe un besoin de renforcer leur application, surtout en ce qui a trait aux articles transférés.
Resumo:
Recension des écrits. L’autisme est un désordre neurodévelopemental qui peut présenter plusieurs défis pour le dentiste traitant en cabinet. Il n’existe aucune donnée publiée sur l’accessibilité et la dispensation de soins dentaires pour les enfants autistes dans le régime actuel des soins de santé au Québec. Matériels et Méthodes. Un questionnaire composé pour les besoins de l’étude et approuvé par le Comité d’éthique à la recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine a été distribué à des parents d’enfants visitant des cliniques externes du CHU Sainte-Justine. Les enfants devaient avoir entre 18 mois et 18 ans, avoir un grade ASA inférieur ou égal à II et, pour le groupe cas, avoir été diagnostiqué autiste ou TED par un professionnel compétent. Résultats. Vingt-sept parents de patients autistes et 37 parents de patients en bonne santé ont été sondé. Quarante-quatre pourcent du groupe cas rapportait qu’il était difficile de trouver un dentiste pour leur enfant contre 5% du groupe témoin. Seulement 35% des patients autistes sont suivis par un dentiste généraliste contre 79% des patients en bonne santé. Soixante-dix pourcent des parents du groupe cas doivent brosser les dents de leur enfant autiste et 83% considèrent la tâche difficile par un manque de coopération de l’enfant. Conclusion. Il est significativement plus difficile de trouver un dentiste pour un enfant autiste au Québec que pour un enfant en bonne santé. Pour cette population, il faudrait faciliter l’accès à un dentiste dans notre province. De plus, il faut épauler les parents dans la délivrance des mesures préventives.
Resumo:
Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att ta reda på hur sjuksköterskan kunde stödja barn vid smärta, vilka copingstrategier barn använde sig av när de upplevde smärta och hur sjuksköterskan genom samverkan med föräldrarna kunde stödja barnet vid smärta. Metoden som användes för att göra denna studie var deskriptiv systematisk litteraturstudie. Litteratur har sökts i databaserna Elin@Dalarna och Blackwell Synergi. Sökorden som användes var children, pain, coping, care, parent, pain management, nursing, pediatric, dental care, qualitative och quality of life. Materialet i litteraturstudien har begränsats till 22 artiklar som har granskats efter mallar. Resultatet av studien visade att sjuksköterskan bör ha god kontakt med barnet för att kunna stödja det i sin smärtupplevelse. Sjuksköterskan använde oftast farmakologiska medel för att lindra barnets smärta, men även icke-farmakologiska metoder för att stödja barnet vid smärta. Olika metoder användes, som till exempel att distrahera barnet. De olika copingstrategier barnen använde sig av vid smärta var att leka, kramas, måla, blunda, tänka på något annat och avslappning. När barnet kände att de kunde hantera sin smärta så upplevde de högre livskvalitet. Föräldrarnas närvaro påverkade barnets smärtupplevelse på ett positivt sätt. Föräldrarna upplevde att de inte hade fått tillräckligt med information om sina barns smärtupplevelse. Föräldrarnas samverkan var en naturlig del i smärtbehandlingen.
Resumo:
A radioproteção dos pacientes submetidos a exames radiográficos está diretamente ligada à qualidade e à repetição das radiografias realizadas. Esta dissertação é apresentada sob a forma de três artigos. O artigo I avaliou a qualidade de 300 radiografias panorâmicas enviadas a clínicas de ortodontia. As radiografias foram classificadas como excelentes (não se observam erros), aceitáveis para diagnóstico (observam-se erros, contudo os mesmos não impedem o diagnóstico) e inaceitáveis (imagem sem valor diagnóstico). Um total de 16,33% das radiografias foi considerado excelente, 78,66% aceitáveis para o diagnóstico e 5% inaceitáveis. Encontrou-se uma média de 1.54 erros por radiografia, sendo os mais freqüentemente encontrados a falta de contato da língua com o palato (21%), aparecimento de imagens fantasma (19,66%), mento inclinado para cima (15,66%), paciente à frente do plano de foco (13,33%), cabeça girada (13,33%), imagens com alta densidade (10,33%) e com baixa densidade (8,66%). Concluiu-se que os padrões de qualidade da amostra estão de acordo com o preconizado em Guidelines on Radiology Standards for Primary Dental Care, segundo os quais se admite até 10% de imagens inaceitáveis. Contudo, cabe salientar que não se conhece o índice de repetições nas clínicas onde as radiografias da amostra foram obtidas e, tendo passado por um controle de qualidade prévio, todas as imagens deveriam ser classificadas como excelentes ou aceitáveis. O artigo II avaliou a freqüência dos erros que levaram à repetição de radiografias panorâmicas realizadas no Serviço de Radiologia da FO-UFRS. O livro de registros do Serviço mostrou um total de 3815 radiografias panorâmicas realizadas no período de junho de 2002 a junho de 2005. No mesmo período o Serviço apresentou 330 radiografias panorâmicas repetidas, resultando em índice de repetição de 8,65% dos exames. Os erros mais freqüentemente encontrados foram: paciente posicionado à frente do plano de foco (25,15%); cabeça girada para direita ou esquerda (24,84%); cabeça inclinada para frente (21,21%); paciente posicionado atrás do plano de foco (20,30%); imagem com a alta densidade (19,69%); imagem com baixa densidade (17,27%); imagem com baixo contraste (16,96%); imagem com alto contraste (12,72%); cabeça inclinada para direita ou esquerda (12,42%); corte do côndilo na radiografia (11,21); corte do mento na radiografia (8,48%); ausência de contato da língua com o palato (7,27%); paciente se moveu durante a exposição (4,94%); cabeça inclinada para trás (2,72%) e aparecimento de imagem fantasma (2,12%). Encontrou-se uma média de 2,07 erros por radiografia. Conclui-se que os erros mais freqüentemente cometidos foram classificados como erros de posicionamento do paciente e que o Serviço de Radiologia da FO-UFRGS apresenta um índice de repetição de radiografias panorâmicas satisfatório, estando de acordo com os padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pelo Guidelines on Radiology Standards for Primary Dental Care. O artigo III teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da radiação emitida em radiografias panorâmicas sobre as células da borda lateral direita da língua, através da avaliação das alterações nucleares, antes e depois da exposição aos raios X. A amostra foi constituída de 42 indivíduos adultos jovens do gênero masculino, sendo 22 deles pertencentes ao grupo que realizou uma radiografia panorâmica (grupo I) e os outros 20 pacientes pertencentes ao grupo II, que realizou duas radiografias panorâmicas. O exame citopatológico das células esfoliadas da mucosa da língua foi realizado antes da incidência radiográfica e 10 dias após. As células foram obtidas através da raspagem e as lâminas foram coradas pela técnica de Feulgen. Para observação das alterações citopatológicas foram analisadas 2.000 células em cada lâmina e quantificados os micronúcleos, buds, broken eggs, cariorrexes e células binucleadas. As lâminas foram analisadas por um único observador. Constatou-se que existe diferença significativa (p=0,01) para as variáveis broken egg, bud, cariorrexe e célula binucleada antes e depois da exposição à radiação ionizante. Na comparação entre os grupos, verificou-se que as variáveis cariorrexe e célula binucleada apresentaram diferença significativa (p=0,01), ambas com valores superiores para o grupo II.
Resumo:
Contexto: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade nas sociedades ocidentais devido à carga de sofrimento, incapacidade, perda de produtividade e morte prematura que provoca. No Brasil, seu impacto econômico é desconhecido. Objetivos: Dimensionar a participação do DM nas hospitalizações da rede pública brasileira (1999-2001), colaborando na avaliação dos custos diretos. Especificamente, analisar as hospitalizações (327.800) e os óbitos hospitalares (17.760) por DM como diagnóstico principal (CID-10 E10-E14 e procedimento realizado) e estimar as hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM, incluindo as anteriores e aquelas por complicações crônicas (CC) e condições médicas gerais (CMG). Métodos: A partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) (37 milhões de hospitalizações), foram calculados indicadores por região de residência do paciente e sexo (ajustados por idade pelo método direto, com intervalos de confiança de 95%), faixas etárias, médias de permanência e de gastos por internação e populacional em US$. Realizou-se regressão logística múltipla para o desfecho óbito. As prevalências de DM foram combinadas aos riscos relativos de hospitalização por CC e CMG (metodologia do risco atribuível) e somadas às internações por DM como diagnóstico principal. Utilizou-se análise de sensibilidade para diferentes prevalências e riscos relativos. Resultados: Os coeficientes de hospitalizações e de óbitos hospitalares e a letalidade por DM como diagnóstico principal atingiram respectivamente 6,4/104hab., 34,9/106hab. e 5,4%. As mulheres apresentaram os coeficientes mais elevados, porém os homens predominaram na letalidade em todas as regiões. O gasto médio (US$ 150,59) diferiu significativamente entre as internações com e sem óbito, mas a média de permanência (6,4 dias) foi semelhante. O gasto populacional equivaleu a US$ 969,09/104hab. As razões de chances de óbito foram maiores para homens, pacientes ≥75 anos, e habitantes das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. As hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foram estimadas em 836,3 mil/ano (49,3/104hab.), atingindo US$ 243,9 milhões/ano (US$ 14,4 mil/104hab.). DM como diagnóstico principal (13,1%), CC (41,5%) e CMG (45,4%) responderam por 6,7%, 51,4% e 41,9% respectivamente dos gastos. O valor médio das internações atribuíveis (US$ 292) situou-se 36% acima das não-atribuíveis. As doenças vasculares periféricas apresentaram a maior diferença no valor médio entre hospitalizações atribuíveis e não-atribuíveis (24%), porém as cardiovasculares destacaram-se em quantidade (27%) e envolveram os maiores gastos (37%). Os homens internaram menos (48%) que as mulheres, porém com gasto total maior (53%). As internações de pacientes entre 45-64 anos constituíram o maior grupo (45%) e gastos (48%) enquanto os pacientes com ≥75, os maiores coeficientes de hospitalização (350/104hab.) e de despesa (US$ 93,4 mil/104hab.). As regiões mais desenvolvidas gastaram o dobro (/104hab.) em relação às demais. Considerações Finais e Recomendações: As configurações no consumo de serviços hospitalares foram semelhantes às de países mais desenvolvidos, com importantes desigualdades regionais e de sexo. O gasto governamental exclusivamente com hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foi expressivo (2,2% do orçamento do Ministério da Saúde). A ampliação de atividades preventivas poderia diminuir a incidência do DM, reduzir a necessidade de internações, minimizar as complicações e minorar a severidade de outras condições médicas mais gerais.
Resumo:
PEREIRA, C. R. S. et al. Impacto da estratégia saúde da família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Cad. Saúde Pública, v. 25, n. 5, p.985-996. Maio, 2009. ISSN 0102-311X.
Resumo:
PEREIRA, Carmen Regina dos Santos et al. Impacto da Estratégia Saúde da Família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 25, n. 5, p. 985-996, maio 2009.
Resumo:
NORO, L. R. A. et al. A utilização de serviços odontológicos entre crianças e fatores associados em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1509-1516. 2008. ISSN 0102-311X.
Resumo:
The aims of this study were to analyze the access of dental services by child population, to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion in resident children from the municipal district of Sobral Ceará and to evaluate the incidence of the dental decay in adolescents associated with the factors related to socioeconomic condition, access to health services and self-perception. This study had as main factor the multidisciplinary represented by the participation of health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) in the development of the survey's initial reference; student from Human Sciences area to apply the structured questionnaire in domiciliary visits; statistics professionals in the orientation of the analysis to be held and family health team (community health agents, dentists and dental clinic assistants) in the scheduling of domiciliary visits and the accomplishment of oral exam. The sample was determined from the domicile record that included children born between 1990 and 1994 to develop the research Children health conditions in the municipal district of Sobral Ceará . The first sample comprised 3425 parents of children from 5 to 9 years old, living in the urban area at the municipal district of Sobral Ceará, aiming at identifying the most important factors associated to the access to dental service. From this sample, 1021 children were selected in a systematic way, for the accomplishment to the epidemiological study of decay, gingivitis and malocclusion. In the study's third phase, in order to arrange the group to be followed, 688 adolescents were examined and interviewed, by means of the active search from the 1021 individuals that had been previously examined. It was observed that 50.9% of the children had access to dental service at least once in a lifetime. Of this total, 65.3% accomplished it during the last year, and 85.4% of these did in public services, what allows to identify the importance of this sector in the access to dental services. It was observed that the factors that most affected the access to dental 129 services were related to socioeconomic condition, such as the access to health plan, the possession of toothbrush, garbage collecting, mother s schooling, sewerage treatment and malnutrition. In relation to oral diseases, an increase in the DMF-T index according the age was observed, from 0.10 in five years old to 1.66 in the nine years old, while with the dmf-t index, the inverse happened, since the index decreased from 3.59 in five years old to 2.69 in nine years old. In relation to gingivitis, an average 32.7% of the children presented gum bleeding. In what concerns malocclusion, it was observed that 60.3% of the children didn't present any problem, 30.17% had light malocclusion and 9.5% severe malocclusion. The average incidence of dental caries was 1.86 teeth per youngster. Among the studied variables, tooth pain in the last six months, mother's income and school snack, adjusted by the perception about the need of treatment, the mother's schooling and the dentist's appointment at least once in a lifetime, were the variables that presented positive relationship with the high incidence of dental caries on this population by logistic regression. Variables of socioeconomic nature, related to the access to health services and behavior and biological variables presented a relationship with the high caries incidence. The study point out to the need of developing health actions in a humanized way, by an oral health team effectively bound to the population's interest, with the great objective to provide, with the public health services managers, adequate conditions to improve oral health
Resumo:
Dental education is going through important changes in preparing workers to meet the needs of the society and the labor market. For that reason, we studied the offering of comprehensive dental care clinics in Brazil with the aim of encouraging future curriculum changes focused on the training of general dental practitioners. An email questionnaire on educational organization and comprehensive care clinics of undergraduate programs was sent to each academic dental affairs dean. Sixty-seven (41.6%) dental schools agreed to participate. We observed that curriculum changes have contributed to modify the format of comprehensive care clinics. This was felt mainly (88,1%) with regards to workload and course offerings in different levels of the dental curriculum, thereby creating a favorable environment for generalist training. Most schools shared the following characteristics: clinical procedures were being prioritized according to level of complexity (95,5%), students were having the chance to attend courses in other programs (37,3%), and attempt to diversify teaching methods was being challenged (58,2%). Although progress in combining teaching and clinical services was reported by 83,6% of schools, most clinical procedures were still being performed intramurally (50,7%) in partnership with public service. There was also improvement in clinical mentorship due to the hiring of instructors qualified to work in comprehensive care clinics and with aptitude to supervise a wider range of dental procedures (58,2%). Further changes to Brazilian comprehensive care clinics should hence be encouraged and intensified to ensure appropriate generalist training for dental practitioners