How to take advantage of wine tourism: Creation of a new concept for central Alentejo based on its potential and worldwide success factors

Wine Tourism is gaining importance in today’s world and more destinations and establishments have been arising. After understanding the importance of this economic activity and the factors it must have to succeed, a new project was conceived for Central Alentejo taking into account its potential. This project is an example of how to take advantage of Wine Tourism in wine regions that are underexplored, such as Aldeias de Montoito, the village near Redondo to which a Business Plan will be created, explaining the strategies to pursue in order to have a successful Wine Tourism destination.

Sustained competitive advantage of different sized multinational corporations in rural base of the pyramid markets

This thesis explores how multinational corporations of different sizes create barriers to imitation and therefore sustain competitive advantage in rural and informal Base of the Pyramid economies. These markets require close cooperation with local partners in a dynamic environment that lacks imposable property rights and follows a different rationale than developed markets. In order to explore how competitive advantage is sustained by different sized multinational corporations at the Base of the Pyramid, the natural-resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities perspective are integrated. Based on this integration the natural-resource-based view is extended by identifying critical dynamic capabilities that are assumed to be sources of competitive advantage at the Base of the Pyramid. Further, a contrasting case study explores how the identified dynamic capabilities are protected and their competitive advantage is sustained by isolating mechanisms that create barriers to imitation for a small to medium sized and a large multinational corporation. The case study results give grounds to assume that most resource-based isolating mechanisms create barriers to imitation that are fairly high for large and established multinational corporations that operate at the rural Base of the Pyramid and have a high product and business model complexity. On the contrary, barriers to imitation were found to be lower for young and small to medium sized multinational corporations with low product and business model complexity that according to some authors represent the majority of rural Base of the Pyramid companies. Particularly for small to medium sized multinational corporations the case study finds a relationship- and transaction-based unwillingness of local partners to act opportunistically rather than a resource-based inability to imitate. By offering an explanation of sustained competitive advantage for small to medium sized multinational corporations at the rural Base of the Pyramid this thesis closes an important research gap and recommends to include institutional and transaction-based research perspectives.

Creating Shared Value in India: How Indian Corporations Are Contributing to Inclusive Growth While. Strengthening Their Competitive Advantage

Competitividad y valor compartido

Temporality and the dis-positional abyss in Heidegger

N/A

The Dynamic Evolution of Factor Accumulations and Revealed Comparative Advantage in Canada.

Rapport de recherche

Études de nouvelles maladies neurogénétiques chez les Canadiens français.

Depuis déjà plusieurs décennies, nous sommes en mesure d'identifier les mutations responsable de diverses maladies mendéliennes. La découverte des gènes responsables de ces maladies permet non seulement un meilleur diagnostic clinique pour ces familles, mais aussi de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques de ces maladies ainsi que mieux définir la fonction normale des gènes causales. Ultimement, ces découvertes mènent à l'identification de cibles thérapeutiques pour le traitement de ces maladies. Les progrès technologiques sont depuis toujours un facteur très important dans la découverte de ces gènes mutés. De l'approche traditionnelle de clonage positionnel en passant par la première séquence du génome humain et maintenant les technologies de séquençage à grande échelle, de plus en plus de maladies ont maintenant une entité génétique. Dans le cadre de ce projet de doctorat, nous avons utilisé tant les approches traditionnelles (leucodystrophies) que les nouvelles technologies de séquençage (polyneuropathie douloureuse) qui ont mené à l'identification du gène causal pour plusieurs de nos familles. L'efficacité de ces deux approches n'est plus à démontrer, chacune d'entre elles possèdent des avantages et des inconvénients. Dans le cadre de ces projets, nous avons utilisé la population canadienne-française connue pour ces effets fondateurs et la présence, encore aujourd'hui, de grandes familles. Les différents projets ont permis d'établir certains avantages et inconvénients quant à l'utilisation de ces techniques et de la population canadienne-française. Dans le cadre d'un phénotype assez homogène et bien défini comme celui du projet leucodystrophie, l'approche traditionnel par gène candidat nous a permis d'identifier le gène causal, POLR3B, sans trop de difficulté. Par contre, pour les autres projets où nous sommes en présence d'une hétérogénéité clinique et génétique une approche non-biaisée utilisant le séquençage exomique a obtenu un plus grand succès. La présence de grandes familles est un grand avantage dans les deux approches. Dans le projet polyneuropathie douloureuse, une grande famille originaire du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean nous a permis d'identifier le gène NAGLU comme responsable suite à l'exclusion des autres variants candidats par analyse de ségrégation. Comme NAGLU était déjà associé à un phénotype qui diffère sur plusieurs points à celui de notre famille, une approche traditionnelle n'aurait pas été en mesure d'identifier NAGLU comme le gène causal. Dans l'analyse de nos données de séquençage exomique, nous avons observé que plusieurs variants rares, absents des bases de données, étaient partagés entre les différents individus Canadiens français. Ceci est probablement dû à la démographie génétique particulière observée chez les Canadiens français. En conclusion, les technologies de séquençage à grande échelle sont avantageuses dans l'étude de maladies hétérogènes au niveau clinique et génétique. Ces technologies sont en voie de modifier l'approche d'identification de gènes en permettant une analyse de génétique inversée, c'est-à-dire de la génétique vers la clinique.

Plan exportador Comercializadora Advantage

Esta investigación se ha desarrollado gracias al apoyo de Luz Sofía Méndez coordinadora del CIDEM de la Universidad del Rosario y a los consultores, la Secretaria de Desarrollo Económico, Maloka, Comercializadora Advantage y la consultora junior. El apoyo que se realizó se materializó en capacitaciones, visitas, consultorías, etc. Todo lo anterior con el fin de detectar ventajas, desventajas, oportunidades que las PYMES colombianas y especialmente las de estudio tienen. Con todo este estudio se logró conocer procesos internos y externos que realiza la Comercializadora Advantage y que procedimientos debe realizar para mejorar su productividad tanto en el mercado interno como en el externo y así llegar a ser más competitivos.

Plan Exportador Advantage 6704

Advantage es una empresa de confecciones constituida legalmente en el 2004, la cual se destaca por sus diseños y calidad en sus productos. Gracias a la colaboración obtenida por el gerente de la empresa, el cual facilitó información muy valiosa, se pudo desarrollar el Plan Exportador de la empresa, en el cual después de evaluar una serie de variables se logró identificar el segmento de mercado y tipo de cliente al cual se va a exportar. En este proceso no solo se tuvieron en cuenta, variables relacionadas con la exportación, sino variables que pudieran evaluar cómo se encuentra internamente la empresa. Al obtener los resultados de esta evaluación se sugirieron algunas recomendaciones necesarias para poder comenzar con el Plan Exportador, en el cual se planteará el mercado objetivo con el cual se deberá comenzar, y los pasos a seguir para poder tener una internacionalización exitosa. Hemos desarrollado este trabajo teniendo en cuenta cada factor que pueda afectar de una u otra forma este proceso. La recomendación que consideramos la más importante, es que se concentren en realizar principalmente los cambios internos de la empresa, para que al momento de exportar puedan mostrar no solo ventaja competitiva en diseño y calidad de sus productos, sino que puedan garantizar capacidad productiva y tiempos de entrega adecuados para el mercado objetivo.

Congress composition and electoral advantage

In 2003, an electoral reform changed the mechanism to assign seats in the Colombian Congress. I simulate the 2006 Senate elections using the previous assignment mechanism to determine which senators benefited from the reform, i.e. would have not been elected had the reform not been made. With the results of the simulation, I use a regression discontinuity design to compare the senators that would have been barely elected anyways with those who would have lost, but were near to be elected. I check the differences in the amount of law drafts presented, the attendance to voting sessions, and a discipline index for each senator as proxy of their legislative behavior. I find that the senators benefiting from the reform present a different legislative behavior during the 4-year term with respect to the senators that would have been elected anyways. Since the differential legislative behavior cannot be interpreted as being better (worse) politician, I examine if the behavioral difference gives them an electoral advantage. I find no difference in the electoral result of 2010 Senate election in terms of the probability of being (re)elected in 2010, the share of votes, the share of votes within their party list, and the concentration of their votes. Additionally, I check the probability of being investigated for links with paramilitary groups and I find no differences. The results suggest that political reforms can change the composition of governing or legislative bodies in terms of performance, but it does not necessarily translate into an electoral advantage.

Isolating the 'farmer' effect as a component of the advantage of growing genetically modified varieties in developing countries: a Bt cotton case study from Jalgaon, India

The present paper explores the 'farmer' effect in economic advantages often claimed for Bt cotton varieties (those with the endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis conferring resistance to some insect pests) compared to non-Bt varieties. Critics claim that much of the yield advantage of Bt cotton could be due to the fact that farmers adopting the technology are in a better position to provide inputs and management and so much of any claimed Bt advantage is an artefact rather than reflecting a real advantage of the variety per se. The present paper provides an in-depth analysis of 63 non-adopting and 94 adopting households of Bt cotton in Jalgaon, Maharashtra State, India, spanning the seasons 2002 and 2003. Results suggest that Bt adopters are indeed different from non-adopters in a number of ways. Adopters appear to specialize more on cotton (at least in terms of the land area they devote to the crop), spend more money on irrigation and grow well-performing non-Bt varieties of cotton (Bunny). Taking gross margin as the basis for comparison, Bt plots had 2.5 times the gross margin of non-Bt plots in both seasons. If only adopters are considered then the gross margin advantage of Bt plots reduces to 1.6 times that of non-Bt plots. This is still a significant advantage and could well explain the popularity of Bt in Maharashtra. However, it is clear that great care needs to be taken with such comparative studies.

The survival advantage of milk and dairy consumption: An overview of evidence from cohort studies of vascular diseases, diabetes and cancer

Objectives: To conduct it detailed evaluation, with meta-analyses, of the published evidence on milk and dairy consumption and the incidence of vascular diseases and diabetes. Also to summarise the evidence on milk and dairy consumption and cancer reported by the World Cancer Research Fund and then to consider the relevance of milk and dairy consumption to survival in the UK, a typical Western community. Finally, published evidence on relationships with whole milk and fat-reduced milks was examined. Methods: Prospective cohort studies of vascular disease and diabetes with baseline data on milk or dairy consumption and a relevant disease outcome were identified by searching MEDLINE, and reference lists in the relevant published reports. Meta-analyses of relationships in these reports were conducted. The likely effect of milk and dairy consumption on survival was then considered, taking into account the results of published overviews of relationships of these foods with cancer. Results: From meta-analysis of 15 studies the relative risk of stroke and/or heart disease in subjects with high milk or dairy consumption was 0.84 (95% CI 0.76, 0,93) and 0.79 (0.75, 0.82) respectively, relative to the risk in those with low consumption. Four studies reported incident diabetes as an outcome, and the relative risk in the Subjects with the highest intake of milk or diary foods was 0.92 (0.86, 0.97). Conclusions: Set against the proportion of total deaths attributable to the life-threatening diseases in the UK, vascular disease, diabetes and cancer, the results of meta-analyses provide evidence of an overall survival advantage from the consumption of milk and dairy foods.

Comparative advantage in demand: Experimental evidence of preferences for genetically modified food in the United States and European Union

The United States (US) exports more than US$6 billion in agricultural commodities to the European Union (EU) each year, but one issue carries the potential to diminish this trade: use of biotechnology in food production. The EU has adopted more stringent policies towards biotechnology than the US. Understanding differences in European and American policies towards genetically modified (GM) foods requires a greater understanding of consumers' attitudes and preferences. This paper reports results from the first large-scale, cross-Atlantic study to analyse consumer demand for genetically modified food in a non-hypothetical market environment. We strongly reject the frequent if convenient assumption in trade theory that consumer preferences are identical across countries: the median level of compensation demanded by English and French consumers to consume a GM food is found to be more than twice that in any of the US locations. Results have important implications for trade theory, which typically focusses on differences in specialization, comparative advantage and factor endowments across countries, and for on-going trade disputes at the World Trade Organization.

Isolating the 'farmer' effect as a component of the advantage of growing genetically modified varieties in developing countries: a Bt cotton case study from Jalgaon, India

The present paper explores the 'farmer' effect in economic advantages often claimed for Bt cotton varieties (those with the endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis conferring resistance to some insect pests) compared to non-Bt varieties. Critics claim that much of the yield advantage of Bt cotton could be due to the fact that farmers adopting the technology are in a better position to provide inputs and management and so much of any claimed Bt advantage is an artefact rather than reflecting a real advantage of the variety per se. The present paper provides an in-depth analysis of 63 non-adopting and 94 adopting households of Bt cotton in Jalgaon, Maharashtra State, India, spanning the seasons 2002 and 2003. Results suggest that Bt adopters are indeed different from non-adopters in a number of ways. Adopters appear to specialize more on cotton (at least in terms of the land area they devote to the crop), spend more money on irrigation and grow well-performing non-Bt varieties of cotton (Bunny). Taking gross margin as the basis for comparison, Bt plots had 2.5 times the gross margin of non-Bt plots in both seasons. If only adopters are considered then the gross margin advantage of Bt plots reduces to 1.6 times that of non-Bt plots. This is still a significant advantage and could well explain the popularity of Bt in Maharashtra. However, it is clear that great care needs to be taken with such comparative studies.