955 resultados para philosophy, philosophie, ethics, éthique, economics, économie, Microfinance
Resumo:
La trajectoire philosophique de Tadeusz Kotarbinski se caracterise avant tout par un caractere complet de ses recherches. Interesse des le debut de son travail aux questions dethique, il jugea necessaire de se consacrer dabord aux problemes du langage et de laction. Il fut alors convaincu quune bonne theorie de laction constitue un point de depart necessaire pour toute philosophie future sans comprendre laction, nous ne pouvons pas comprendre ce qui en decoule. Le present article tente desquisser les difficultes de cette theorie que Kotarbinski a qualifie de praxeologie et de comparer la demarche de lauteur polonais au travail dun autre praxeologue important, Ludwig von Mises.
Resumo:
Ordered conflict resolution: understanding her tenets cost Keynes his life and Arrow to live under extortionate threat. Now that the Supreme Court of the United States has conquered the Informal Capital Market Cartels stranglehold on academic freedom, the literature can now vindicate impossibility- resolved social choice theory in the venue of a marriage between ethics and economics; as Sen has pled need be the case. This paper introduces ordered conflict resolution and her two impossibility-resolving axioms in effecting (individual: societal) well-being transitivity.
Resumo:
Thomas Pogges notion of moral loopholes serves to provide support for two claims: first, that the ethical code of the global economic order contains moral loopholes that allow participants in special social arrangements to reduce their obligations to those outside the social arrangement, which leads to morally objectionable actions for which no party feels responsible and that are also counterproductive to the overall objective of the economic system; and, second, that these moral loopholes are more likely to exist as our economic order becomes more global. Finally, it will be shown that attempts to rectify the situation with voluntary corporate codes of conduct are inadequate. The argument proceeds through analysis of one case study, concerning action by the executive of the Cerrejn mining operation at La Guajira Penisular, Colombia.
Resumo:
Between 2005 and 2007 the Ministry of Social Development of Uruguay implemented the National Plan for Social Emergency (PANES). One of the most outstanding results in the evaluations was the de-naturalization of some socio-cultural phenomena that were strongly rooted within society: domestic violence, social immobility, adult illiteracy. The consideration of these social phenomena as acceptable demonstrates the existence of mechanisms that generate irrational or adaptive preferences. What were the processes that aided in the de-naturalization of these preferences? The evaluation of PANES concludes that one way was the local participation in groups that promote a public deliberation. These results are consistent with the philosophical literature on the importance of deliberation and participation for developing capabilities and autonomy. The hypothesis is as follows: the participation in groups that involve public deliberation can lead to reversing the adaptive preferences that restrict personal autonomy through the creation of an intersubjective and cognitive agency. This agency has three features: a) it involves the expansion of an "inner space" into the person, b) it establishes a reflective distance that allows for the revision of preferences to reconstruct levels of self-esteem, self-respect and self-confidence; c) it is generated as a byproduct of activities set for other purposes.
Resumo:
Social responsibility is the expression of our ethical principles in our social relationships. Consequently, our social behavior is defined by the understanding and practice of Ethics. This article states that is the application of the ethical criteria based on capitalist, neoliberal principles prevailing in todays economic and political practice, and not the violation of fundamental ethical principles by some influential individuals or organizations, has led society and its leaders to accept as normal numerous situations of extreme injustice that affect vast sectors of the global population.
Resumo:
The main purpose of this article is to highlight the need to prepare citizens so that they can become co-responsible when facing the problem of development. In the first part, the ethical guidelines of the proposal are drawn up. They do not have to be created, since a framework covering the legitimate demands of civil society has already been established by the millennium development goals and three generations of human rights. In the second part, the starting point is Sens theory of capabilities, and the stress is placed on the need to promote capabilities that make it possible to account for our responsibility for the problem of development. Finally, in the third part, a teaching resource is presented which raises awareness of the millennium development goals and involves them in the realisation of human rights. This educational practice prepares students to play a leading role in the process of change as well as to be part of the solution.
Resumo:
The ethics of development comprises both fieldwork and consideration of the theoretical frameworks that guide practical action. In this article, such a framework for development ethics is presented, in an effort to link two traditions: those associated with economists Denis Goulet and Amartya Sen, and the present author's own conceptions regarding applied ethics, which are rooted in MacIntyre's concept of practice along with the discourse ethics originally proposed by Karl-Otto Apel and Jrgen Habermas. Within such a framework it becomes possible to emphasize the ethical element of human development work, the goal of the ethics of development.
Resumo:
I defend three discourse ethical capabilities for human development: 1) Capability for selfunderstanding; 2) Capability to ground judgements in a dialogue with the affected; 3) Capability to carry out, with others, the justice projects agreed by common consent. Here I interpret them as capabilities for reciprocal recognition. I claim that the forms of selfrelation of the subject, defined by Axel Honneth, complement the capability for selfunderstanding. Honneth also offers an idea of justice that reviews the second mentioned capability. But I question the concept of struggle in Honneth from the perspective of the third capability, showing the advantages of co-responsibility. Then, I show that the three capabilities can be specified in indicators in each one of the spheres of the society where important ethical issues are confronted, and I give the example of what happens within the business sector. Finally, I defend a procedure to measure such indicators with concrete data. This procedure will allow us to evaluate the ethical level of a society evaluating the ethical capabilities of their citizens.
Resumo:
Although there are several models that seek to understand development, few authors try to characterize underdevelopment under an all-encompassing concept. This is why the notion of vulnerability, as exposed by Goulet in The Cruel Choice (1971), continues to be useful in the analysis of underdevelopment. Firstly, it aids us to understand underdevelopment, but also to see the relationship between development and underdevelopment. In particular, it is important to analyze Goulet's idea of vulnerability of those who have power as a necessary condition for the development of both the powerless and the powerful.
Resumo:
Le commerce quitable vise promouvoir lquit par le march. Mais la notion dquit au sein du commerce quitable est loin dtre vidente. Le commerce quitable se confronte de plus avec des nouvelles tendances comme le dveloppement durable. Il est aussi en prise avec des transformations comme le commerce quitable Nord-Nord ou des interrogations comme le sens donner au partenariat. Ces nouvelles perspectives interpellent la notion dquit.
Resumo:
On se propose dans cet article d'explorer les relations ambivalentes qu'entretient le commerce quitable avec le march. L'objectif de dveloppement mis en avant par le commerce quitable est-il compromis ou favoris par le recours aux changes marchands ? Les militants du commerce quitable semblent trs critiques envers la logique marchande, le march tant souvent prsent comme un lieu d'exploitation des faibles par les forts. En mme temps, le principe mme du commerce quitable fait de l'change marchand le moyen privilgi pour sortir de la pauvret, de l'assistance, et accder au dveloppement. En fait, le commerce quitable nous permet de redcouvrir diffrentes formes de march.
Resumo:
Paralllement au travail du mouvement du commerce quitable, la notion dquit fait lobjet dans les ngociations commerciales multilatrales dun vritable conflit dinterprtation opposant les pays dvelopps au pays en dveloppement. Or, ce conflit sest rcemment transform la faveur de lmergence de nombreuses coalitions intertatiques du Sud global lOrganisation mondiale du commerce. En le comparant lidologie tiers-mondiste, cet article se propose danalyser le discours sur lquit port par ces coalitions tel quil a volu au cours de linachev Cycle de Doha sur le dveloppement. Plus prcisment, les champs smantiques de la marge de manoeuvre politique et de la proportionnalit tmoignent dun niveau doprationnalisation approfondi des nouvelles figures de lquit lOMC et, peut-tre, dune plus grande institutionnalisation.
Resumo:
Le commerce quitable sest impos sur la scne de la consommation responsable. Mais en quoi est-il plus quitable que le commerce conventionnel? Et dans quel sens doit-on entendre dans son cas le concept dquit? Un dtour par la philosophie morale et les thories de la justice dAristote, Hume et Rawls et une analyse de ses pratiques telles quelles ressortent de nombreuses tudes de terrain invitent prendre ses prtentions lquit cum grano salis.
Resumo:
Un des mouvements socio-conomiques contemporains les plus anciens sur la scne internationale, le commerce quitable contribue une meilleure prise en compte des conditions sociales des producteurs des pays en dveloppement dans le commerce international. Au moment o la notion dquit tend devenir omniprsente dans nos socits, ce mouvement initi par la socit civile semble mconnatre le principe de partage juste et quitable des ressources gntiques inclus dans la Convention sur la Diversit Biologique (CDB). Cet article tudie lapplication diffrencie des principes de la CDB par des acteurs du secteur priv, entreprises et labels, et du commerce quitable. Il conclus ainsi lopportunit dune mise jour des approches dveloppes par le mouvement du commerce quitable qui prenne en compte les enjeux de la valorisation de la biodiversit et des savoirs traditionnels associs.
