Anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda personer med Alzheimers sjukdom

Bakgrund: Alzheimers sjukdom är den vanligaste bland demenssjukdomar som medför emotionella störningar och personlighetsförändringar. De flesta personer med Alzheimers har en önskan om att bo hemma och många familjer gör sitt bästa för att uppnå detta. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: Denna systematiska litteraturstudie är baserad på fjorton vetenskapliga artiklar inom det valda området. Dessa har analyserats med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien visade att det är påfrestande att vara anhörigvårdare. En rad olika upplevelser framkom, både negativa och positiva, dock mest negativa. Stöd visade sig vara viktigt för anhörigvårdarna och många ansåg sig sakna det. Manliga och kvinnliga upplevelser gällande anhörigvård skiljde sig från varandra. Kvinnor hade mer negativa upplevelser än män. Slutsats: Att vårda en anhörig i hemmet är inte en lätt uppgift. Därför anser författarna att det krävs mer forskning i området för att kunna bemöta anhörigvårdarnas behov.

NO2-induced nitrate reductase activity in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) under laboratory and field conditions

The induction of activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1, 1.6.6.2) in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied under laboratory and field conditions. In fumigation chambers an increase in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was detected 4 h after the start of the NO2 treatment. During the first 2 days with 100 µg NO2 m−3, NRA reached a constant level and did not change during the following 4 days. At the same level of NO2, NRA was lower in needles from trees grown on NPK-fertilized soil than on non-fertilized soil. After the transfer of spruce trees from fertilized soil to NPK-rich nutrient solution, NRA was transiently increased. This effect was assigned to root injuries causing nitrate transport to the shoot and subsequent induction of NRA. Neither trees on fertilized soil nor trees transferred to NPK-poor nutrient solution had increased NRA unless NO2 was provided. The NO2 gradient in the vicinity of a highway was used to test the long-term effect of elevated levels of NO2 on needle NRA of potted and field-grown spruce trees. Compared with less polluted sites, permanently increased NRAs were detected when NO2 concentrations were above 20 µg m−3. Controls of field measurements some 10 years after the introduction of catalytic converters in cars showed no significant change neither in NO2 levels nor in the decreasing NRA of spruce needles with the distance from the highway.

Historia del origen, inuencion, y milagros de la sagrada imagen de Nuestra Señora del Almudena : antiguedades, y excelencias de Madrid, ... / D. Iuan de Vera Tassis y Villarroel, ...

Microficha. Madrid: Servicio de Reproducción de Documentos , Dirección de Archivos Estatales, 1994

Por la justicia, regimiento, procurador syndico, concejo y vecinos de la Villa de Onil con el Marques de Dos Aguas... sobre la recuperacion y tanteo del señorio...

Texto fechado en: "Madrid, 4 de noviembre de 1755"

Temporal distribution of the ganglion cell volleys in the normal rat optic nerve

We describe experiments on behaving rats with electrodes implanted on the cornea, in the optic chiasm, and on the visual cortex; in addition, two red light-emitting diodes (LED) are permanently attached to the skull over the left eye. Recordings timelocked to the LED flashes reveal both the local events at each electrode site and the orderly transfer of visual information from retina to cortex. The major finding is that every stimulus, regardless of its luminance, duration, or the state of retinal light adaptation, elicits an optic nerve volley with a latency of about 10 ms and a duration of about 300 ms. This phenomenon has not been reported previously, so far as we are aware. We conclude that the retina, which originates from the forebrain of the developing embryo, behaves like a typical brain structure: it translates, within a few hundred milliseconds, the chemical information in each pattern of bleached photoreceptors into a corresponding pattern of ganglion cell neuronal information that leaves via the optic nerve. The attributes of each rat ganglion cell appear to include whether the retinal neuropile calls on it to leave after a stimulus and, if so when, within a 300-ms poststimulus epoch. The resulting retinal analysis of the scene, on arrival at the cortical level, is presumed to participate importantly in the creation of visual perceptual experiences.

Sleep modifies retinal ganglion cell responses in the normal rat

Recordings were obtained from the visual system of rats as they cycled normally between waking (W), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Responses to flashes delivered by a light-emitting diode attached permanently to the skull were recorded through electrodes implanted on the cornea, in the chiasm, and on the cortex. The chiasm response reveals the temporal order in which the activated ganglion cell population exits the eyeball; as reported, this triphasic event is invariably short in latency (5–10 ms) and around 300 ms in duration, called the histogram. Here we describe the differences in the histograms recorded during W, SWS, and REM. SWS histograms are always larger than W histograms, and an REM histogram can resemble either. In other words, the optic nerve response to a given stimulus is labile; its configuration depends on whether the rat is asleep or awake. We link this physiological information with the anatomical fact that the brain dorsal raphe region, which is known to have a sleep regulatory role, sends fibers to the rat retina and receives fibers from it. At the cortical electrode, the visual cortical response amplitudes also vary, being largest during SWS. This well known phenomenon often is explained by changes taking place at the thalamic level. However, in the rat, the labile cortical response covaries with the labile optic nerve response, which suggests the cortical response enhancement during SWS is determined more by what happens in the retina than by what happens in the thalamus.

In-house lawyers of NRAs may not represent their clients before the European Court of Justice: A case note on UKE (2011). Research Papers in Law, 3/2011

From the Introduction. It is not frequent for a National Regulation Authority (NRA) to bring an action against the Commission decision and, cynically speaking, case Prezes Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej2 v Commission3 shows that the avoidance of a sweeping retaliation may be one of the reasons for it. The General Court followed the Commission‟s argument that, notwithstanding the peculiarities of the employment conditions of the Polish Regulator‟s legal counsel giving it virtually full independence, as well as the fact that the Polish law itself does not differentiate between in-house counsel and third party attorneys, the claim should be rejected on the grounds of inadmissibility. The GC based its judgment on Art 19 of the Statute of the Court of Justice4, which requires that, with the exception of the Member States' Governments and the EU Institutions, parties to the dispute must be represented by a lawyer. In so doing, the Court explicitly referred to the infamous Akzo Nobel Chemicals and Akcros Chemicals v Commission5 and EREF v Commission6. Most importantly, the Court stated that the lawyers representing Prezes Urzędu Komunikacji Elektronicznej (UKE) are bound to enjoy a degree of independence inferior to that of lawyers who are not linked to their clients by an employment contract7.

Corona de doce estrellas : ideada en doce sermones, que se consagran a la serenissima reyna de los angeles en el dulce mysterio de su inmaculada Concepcion /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Chronicas de la apostolica provincia de S. Gregorio, Papa, el Magno ... de religiosos descalzos de N.S.P. Francisco en las Islas Philipinas, China, Japon &c : Parte segunda ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia general de Philipinas : conquistas espirituales y temporales de estos españoles dominios, establecimientos progresos, y decadencias ... /

Mode of access: Internet.