Surto de sarampo na região metropolitana de Campinas, SP

O Brasil não apresenta circulação endêmica do vírus do sarampo desde o ano 2000. Entre maio e junho de 2011, a Região Metropolitana de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, registrou três casos de sarampo. Foram descritos casos, as medidas de controle, a busca de possível fonte e de casos secundários. A caracterização genotípica do vírus identificou o genótipo D4, circulante no continente europeu. Não foram encontrados casos índice ou secundários. As medidas de controle efetuadas, aliadas à cobertura vacinal adequada da Região Metropolitana de Campinas contribuíram para que a transmissão da doença fosse interrompida.

Moodle nas escolas portuguesas - números, oportunidades, ideias

Este artigo é principalmente o produto de um percurso pessoal de perto de 4 anos de trabalho com Moodle, em que tive a possibilidade de o usar do ponto de vista do aluno, professor, formador, administrador e membro de comunidade. Desde 2005, nos dois anos e meio em que trabalhei como bolseiro de apoio à gestão da iniciativa Moodle@FCTUNL, tive o privilégio de estar numa faculdade que o adoptou “organicamente”, e em contacto com pessoas que tiveram um papel importante na sua disseminação pelo menos a nível das escolas portuguesas, tais como Vítor Duarte Teodoro (FCTUNL), João Correia de Freitas (antiga CRIE e FCTUNL), Paulo Matos (eCRIE, FCTUNL, EDUCOM) e Rui Páscoa (EDUCOM). Pretendo aproveitar este privilégio e experiência para divulgar algumas impressões, perspectivas e dados sobre o Moodle, especialmente em Portugal, contribuindo com algumas ideias para a realização do potencial das escolas e das pessoas que a fazem (nós) e que vislumbro no uso desta ferramenta. Apresento assim inicialmente algumas preocupações face à falta de uma coordenação clara de esforços quanto ao uso efectivo do Moodle nas escolas portugueses, divulgando de seguida alguns indicadores genéricos do Moodle a nível internacional e nacional, com especial ênfase para o ensino público básico e secundário, de forma a contribuir para um ponto de situação nacional. Finalizo com algumas ideias do potencial que vejo no Moodle como “sistema operativo” das escolas, numa perspectiva de rede e envolvendo aspectos técnicos, de organização e gestão, currículo e pedagogia, avaliação e investigação e formação de professores.

Trypanosoma cruzi strains from triatomine collected in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

OBJECTIVE Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. METHODS First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. RESULTS Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding of the parasite-vector-host relationship.

Automatic learning for the classification of chemical reactions and in statistical thermodynamics

This Thesis describes the application of automatic learning methods for a) the classification of organic and metabolic reactions, and b) the mapping of Potential Energy Surfaces(PES). The classification of reactions was approached with two distinct methodologies: a representation of chemical reactions based on NMR data, and a representation of chemical reactions from the reaction equation based on the physico-chemical and topological features of chemical bonds. NMR-based classification of photochemical and enzymatic reactions. Photochemical and metabolic reactions were classified by Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (Kohonen SOMs) and Random Forests (RFs) taking as input the difference between the 1H NMR spectra of the products and the reactants. The development of such a representation can be applied in automatic analysis of changes in the 1H NMR spectrum of a mixture and their interpretation in terms of the chemical reactions taking place. Examples of possible applications are the monitoring of reaction processes, evaluation of the stability of chemicals, or even the interpretation of metabonomic data. A Kohonen SOM trained with a data set of metabolic reactions catalysed by transferases was able to correctly classify 75% of an independent test set in terms of the EC number subclass. Random Forests improved the correct predictions to 79%. With photochemical reactions classified into 7 groups, an independent test set was classified with 86-93% accuracy. The data set of photochemical reactions was also used to simulate mixtures with two reactions occurring simultaneously. Kohonen SOMs and Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNNs) were trained to classify the reactions occurring in a mixture based on the 1H NMR spectra of the products and reactants. Kohonen SOMs allowed the correct assignment of 53-63% of the mixtures (in a test set). Counter-Propagation Neural Networks (CPNNs) gave origin to similar results. The use of supervised learning techniques allowed an improvement in the results. They were improved to 77% of correct assignments when an ensemble of ten FFNNs were used and to 80% when Random Forests were used. This study was performed with NMR data simulated from the molecular structure by the SPINUS program. In the design of one test set, simulated data was combined with experimental data. The results support the proposal of linking databases of chemical reactions to experimental or simulated NMR data for automatic classification of reactions and mixtures of reactions. Genome-scale classification of enzymatic reactions from their reaction equation. The MOLMAP descriptor relies on a Kohonen SOM that defines types of bonds on the basis of their physico-chemical and topological properties. The MOLMAP descriptor of a molecule represents the types of bonds available in that molecule. The MOLMAP descriptor of a reaction is defined as the difference between the MOLMAPs of the products and the reactants, and numerically encodes the pattern of bonds that are broken, changed, and made during a chemical reaction. The automatic perception of chemical similarities between metabolic reactions is required for a variety of applications ranging from the computer validation of classification systems, genome-scale reconstruction (or comparison) of metabolic pathways, to the classification of enzymatic mechanisms. Catalytic functions of proteins are generally described by the EC numbers that are simultaneously employed as identifiers of reactions, enzymes, and enzyme genes, thus linking metabolic and genomic information. Different methods should be available to automatically compare metabolic reactions and for the automatic assignment of EC numbers to reactions still not officially classified. In this study, the genome-scale data set of enzymatic reactions available in the KEGG database was encoded by the MOLMAP descriptors, and was submitted to Kohonen SOMs to compare the resulting map with the official EC number classification, to explore the possibility of predicting EC numbers from the reaction equation, and to assess the internal consistency of the EC classification at the class level. A general agreement with the EC classification was observed, i.e. a relationship between the similarity of MOLMAPs and the similarity of EC numbers. At the same time, MOLMAPs were able to discriminate between EC sub-subclasses. EC numbers could be assigned at the class, subclass, and sub-subclass levels with accuracies up to 92%, 80%, and 70% for independent test sets. The correspondence between chemical similarity of metabolic reactions and their MOLMAP descriptors was applied to the identification of a number of reactions mapped into the same neuron but belonging to different EC classes, which demonstrated the ability of the MOLMAP/SOM approach to verify the internal consistency of classifications in databases of metabolic reactions. RFs were also used to assign the four levels of the EC hierarchy from the reaction equation. EC numbers were correctly assigned in 95%, 90%, 85% and 86% of the cases (for independent test sets) at the class, subclass, sub-subclass and full EC number level,respectively. Experiments for the classification of reactions from the main reactants and products were performed with RFs - EC numbers were assigned at the class, subclass and sub-subclass level with accuracies of 78%, 74% and 63%, respectively. In the course of the experiments with metabolic reactions we suggested that the MOLMAP / SOM concept could be extended to the representation of other levels of metabolic information such as metabolic pathways. Following the MOLMAP idea, the pattern of neurons activated by the reactions of a metabolic pathway is a representation of the reactions involved in that pathway - a descriptor of the metabolic pathway. This reasoning enabled the comparison of different pathways, the automatic classification of pathways, and a classification of organisms based on their biochemical machinery. The three levels of classification (from bonds to metabolic pathways) allowed to map and perceive chemical similarities between metabolic pathways even for pathways of different types of metabolism and pathways that do not share similarities in terms of EC numbers. Mapping of PES by neural networks (NNs). In a first series of experiments, ensembles of Feed-Forward NNs (EnsFFNNs) and Associative Neural Networks (ASNNs) were trained to reproduce PES represented by the Lennard-Jones (LJ) analytical potential function. The accuracy of the method was assessed by comparing the results of molecular dynamics simulations (thermal, structural, and dynamic properties) obtained from the NNs-PES and from the LJ function. The results indicated that for LJ-type potentials, NNs can be trained to generate accurate PES to be used in molecular simulations. EnsFFNNs and ASNNs gave better results than single FFNNs. A remarkable ability of the NNs models to interpolate between distant curves and accurately reproduce potentials to be used in molecular simulations is shown. The purpose of the first study was to systematically analyse the accuracy of different NNs. Our main motivation, however, is reflected in the next study: the mapping of multidimensional PES by NNs to simulate, by Molecular Dynamics or Monte Carlo, the adsorption and self-assembly of solvated organic molecules on noble-metal electrodes. Indeed, for such complex and heterogeneous systems the development of suitable analytical functions that fit quantum mechanical interaction energies is a non-trivial or even impossible task. The data consisted of energy values, from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, at different distances, for several molecular orientations and three electrode adsorption sites. The results indicate that NNs require a data set large enough to cover well the diversity of possible interaction sites, distances, and orientations. NNs trained with such data sets can perform equally well or even better than analytical functions. Therefore, they can be used in molecular simulations, particularly for the ethanol/Au (111) interface which is the case studied in the present Thesis. Once properly trained, the networks are able to produce, as output, any required number of energy points for accurate interpolations.

Enhancing Multimodal Silent Speech Interfaces With Feature Selection

In research on Silent Speech Interfaces (SSI), different sources of information (modalities) have been combined, aiming at obtaining better performance than the individual modalities. However, when combining these modalities, the dimensionality of the feature space rapidly increases, yielding the well-known "curse of dimensionality". As a consequence, in order to extract useful information from this data, one has to resort to feature selection (FS) techniques to lower the dimensionality of the learning space. In this paper, we assess the impact of FS techniques for silent speech data, in a dataset with 4 non-invasive and promising modalities, namely: video, depth, ultrasonic Doppler sensing, and surface electromyography. We consider two supervised (mutual information and Fisher's ratio) and two unsupervised (meanmedian and arithmetic mean geometric mean) FS filters. The evaluation was made by assessing the classification accuracy (word recognition error) of three well-known classifiers (knearest neighbors, support vector machines, and dynamic time warping). The key results of this study show that both unsupervised and supervised FS techniques improve on the classification accuracy on both individual and combined modalities. For instance, on the video component, we attain relative performance gains of 36.2% in error rates. FS is also useful as pre-processing for feature fusion. Copyright © 2014 ISCA.

Uma Linguagem específica do domínio para uma abordagem orientada aos objectivos baseada em KAOS

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Estudo da influência da pré-furação no dano em laminados carbono/epóxido

Na furação de placas em materiais compósitos é corrente o uso de técnicas tradicionais de furação adaptadas. O defeito mais grave é a delaminação, que nem sempre é visível à superfície e pode causar o colapso prematuro das estruturas. Para a avaliação dos danos provocados nas peças utilizam-se meios de controlo não-destrutivo. Neste artigo são analisados os resultados obtidos através do recurso à pré-furação em placas carbono/epóxido e de duas técnicas de controlo. Os resultados obtidos permitem estabelecer a influência da pré-furação na delaminação Neste trabalho, utilizam-se técnicas de Visão Computacional no processamento e análise das imagens obtidas nos ensaios experimentais.

O perfil do utilizador abusivo dos Serviços de Urgência Portugueses: um estudo no Hospital de São João

A afluência desmedida aos Serviços de Urgência é uma questão que acarreta preocupações a nível financeiro. Contribui para este fato, a mentalidade da população, que acredita que este serviço oferece mais facilidades de acesso, dispõe de mais recursos e fornece melhores cuidados de saúde. Novas medidas foram preconizadas, como o aumento das taxas moderadoras, para tentar travar este fenómeno. No entanto, apesar da descida dos episódios de urgência em cerca de 10%, em Portugal, estudos apontam para valores na ordem dos 30-35% de episódios não urgentes. Assim, torna-se importante que não só se enfatizem as novas medidas, como se eduque a população com vista à correta utilização destes serviços, através de campanhas de sensibilização. Torna-se, assim, necessário que se chegue ao perfil do utilizador abusivo. Para a identificação de um perfil de abusividade, foram solicitados dados de episódios de urgência ocorridos durante um período de 6 meses no Hospital de São João, tendo depois sido estimado um modelo de regressão logística. A metodologia permite identificar quais as características que influenciam uma utilização abusiva do serviço e quantificar o impacto de cada uma destas características na probabilidade de um utente apresentar um comportamento abusivo. Concluiu-se que, uma mulher entre os 18-30 anos, que resida em Vila Nova de Gaia, recorra à urgência durante a noite tendo-lhe sido atribuída uma pulseira azul e seja abrangida pelo Serviço Nacional de Saúde, apresenta 91,92% de probabilidade de utilizar este serviço de forma abusiva. Contrariamente, um homem com mais de 60 anos, residente na Maia, que recorra ao serviço durante o dia, esteja isento do pagamento de taxas moderadoras e seja abrangido pela ADSE, e lhe seja atribuída uma pulseira laranja, apresenta apenas 39,93% de probabilidade de ter um comportamento abusivo. Estes resultados são importantes para definir campanhas de sensibilização que diminuam comportamentos abusivos.

Relatório de estágio Direcção e gestão de obra - Obra de Arte Ponte sobre o rio Lombe – Angola

Mestrado em Engenharia Civil - Tecnologia e Gestão das Construções

A palavra do corpo em João Mota : um estudo sobre a presença, o corpo e a palavra nos espetáculos "Cyrano de Bergerac" e "Play Strindberg" : dissertação

Dissertação submetida à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Artes Performativas - especialização em Interpretação

Soil attributes dynamics evaluation after prescribed burning practice in northwestern Portugal forest

The Portuguese northern forests are often and severely affected by wildfires during the summer season. These occurrences affect significant and rudely all ecosystems, namely soil, fauna and flora. Preventive actions such as prescribed burnings and clear-cut logging are frequently used and have showed a significant reduction of the natural wildfires occurrences. In Portugal, and due to some technical and operational conditions, prescribed burnings in forests are the most common preventive action used to reduce the existing fuel hazard. The overall impacts of this preventive action on Portuguese ecosystems are complex and not fully understood. This work reports to the study of a prescribed burning impact in soil chemical properties, namely pH, humidity and organic matter, by monitoring the soil self-recovery capacity. The experiments were carried out in soil cover over a natural site of Andaluzitic schist, in Gramelas, Caminha, Portugal, who was able to maintain itself intact from prescribed burnings from four years. The composed soil samples were collected from five plots at three different layers (0-3cm, 3-6cm and 6-18cm) 1 day before prescribed fire and after the prescribed fire. The results have shown that the dynamic equilibrium in soil was affected significantly.

Ensaios preliminares para caracterização de um solo sujeito a fogo controlado

No presente trabalho são apresentados os resultados obtidos num estudo realizado na região do Norte de Portugal, onde uma equipa multidisciplinar, em estreita cooperação com a Autoridade Florestal Nacional, estudou as variações de pH e teores de humidade e matéria natural orgânica do solo antes e após a execução de um fogo controlado. Foi avaliada também a evolução destes parâmetros nos 90 dias seguintes após a queimada no sentido de estudar o nível de recuperação natural dos solos. Deste estudo foi possível concluir-se que o fogo controlado causou um aumento do pH do solo e uma redução no teor de humidade. Relativamente à recuperação natural dos solos, foi verificada uma recuperação parcial das características do solo não se tendo atingido, ao fim de 90 dias, os valores observados antes da acção do fogo. Os trabalhos de monitorização/ avaliação prosseguirão com periodicidade trimestral.

Cinema autobiográfico : materialidade das imagens e inscrições da memória : trabalho de projeto

Trabalho de Projecto submetido à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Projecto Cinematográfico - especialização em Tecnologias de Pós-Produção.

Unusual cause for smoldering dysphagia

A 30-year-old black woman presented with heartburn and odynophagia. She had a 2-year history of Behçet’s disease and systemic lupus erythematosus and had been treated with colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, and sucralfate. Odynophagia was not related to the presence of oral ulcers as they were painless and when they were in remission the patient would still intermittently complain of substernal pain. The patient underwent upper digestive endoscopy that revealed only small mucosal irregularities in the upper third of the esophagus. Biopsies of these segments showed marked acanthosis and papillomatosis of the squamous epithelium as well as intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). There were neither granulocytes nor signs of viral infection. The endoscopic findings were then attributed to regenerative changes of the epithelium and the patient was started on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), assuming gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). During the following years there were flare-ups of rheumatologic disease activity due to the patient’s lack of adherence to therapy. However, there was no correlation of the patient’s maintained (although scarce) complaints of transitory dysphagia and substernal pain.

A director’s approach to art and religion : o quadro, um musical da Paixão segundo o sr. João (The masterpiece, a musical of The passion according to John): trabalho de projecto

Trabalho de Projecto submetido à Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Teatro - especialização em Encenação.