D. Henrici Zipffells Brandenburg. Raths des Land-Gerichts in Nieder-Lausitz Assess. Churf. Sächs. Consist. Adv. Ordin. Tractatus von Wechsel-Brieffen und dero Usancen : wie solche in denen vornehmsten Handels-Plätzen in Teutschland, Römischen auch anderen Königreichen und Provincien gebräuchlich, vollkommener Kauffmanns-Complementariat, und Jüdischer Handels-Frau sonderbahrer Obligation sonst Schedaroth oder Staars genannt, nebenst etlichen ... Wechsel- und Handels-Fragen, insonderheit ob eines Menschen Seele vor Schuld verpfändet ...

Includes index.

Principles of architectural composition; an attempt to order and phrase ideas which have hitherto been only felt by the instinctive taste of designers [by] John Beverly [!] Robinson.

On cover: The Architectural record series

God's message to the young : or, The obligation and the advantages of early piety, seriously urged upon young persons, in connexion with Eccles. xii.1. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Class meetings: embracing their origin, nature, obligation, and benefits.

Mode of access: Internet.

Baptism: its nature, obligation, mode, subjects, and benefits.

Mode of access: Internet.

Make-overs from leather, fur and felt /

"Prepared by Bureau of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Agricultural Research Administration, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture."

Sittlichkeit ohne Pflicht = Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction /

Translation of: Esquisse d'une morale sans obligation ni sanction.

Letter and accompanying documents from John W. Garrett, president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, to the comptroller of Maryland, in relation to the obligation of the state, to provide for remitting to England the interest due on certain sterling bonds of the state ...

Mode of access: Internet.

'I felt that I do live in the UK now':international students' self-reports of their English language speaking experiences on a pre-sessional programme

This article focuses on the English language experiences of a group of pre-sessional students, an under-represented group in the literature on language and education. In particular, it investigates the opportunities that such students have to use English outside the classroom, shown to be a key factor in student satisfaction with their study abroad experience. Drawing on data from questionnaires, interviews and on-line diaries, we show that students have a variety of opportunities to use English; however, these opportunities may require students to engage in complex negotiations right from the beginning of their sojourn in the UK. Micro-analysis of the data shows that agency is a key construct in understanding students' representations of their English encounters as they begin their lives in the UK. The article concludes with some suggestions as to how pre-sessional courses may develop students' linguistic and socio-cultural skills in order that they may interact successfully in English outside the classroom. © 2011 Taylor &Francis.

Employee absence and organizational commitment:moderation effects of age

This study examined the relations of organizational commitment and demographic factors with objectively measured absence frequency data of 106 staff at a UK school, collected over a 1-year period. We found significant associations of commitment and absenteeism, with high affective and normative commitment, and low continuance commitment being associated with lower levels of absence. Age moderated two of these associations, with low normative commitment and high continuance commitment predicting absence most strongly for older workers. Our findings help practitioners and researchers to understand how commitment may interact with other factors to predict absence. Interaction effects in our data showed that absence frequencies tended to be highest for older workers who felt a lower sense of obligation to their organization, or a lack of alternatives to their present employment. © 2012 Hogrefe Publishing.

What's in a broken promissory obligation? Developing and testing a multiple component form measure of psychological contract breach

While the literature has suggested the possibility of breach being composed of multiple facets, no previous study has investigated this possibility empirically. This study examined the factor structure of typical component forms in order to develop a multiple component form measure of breach. Two studies were conducted. In study 1 (N = 420) multi-item measures based on causal indicators representing promissory obligations were developed for the five potential component forms (delay, magnitude, type/form, inequity and reciprocal imbalance). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the five components loaded onto one higher order factor, namely psychological contract breach suggesting that breach is composed of different aspects rather than types of breach. Confirmatory factor analysis provided further evidence for the proposed model. In addition, the model achieved high construct reliability and showed good construct, convergent, discriminant and predictive validity. Study 2 data (N = 189), used to validate study 1 results, compared the multiple-component measure with an established multiple item measure of breach (rather than a single item as in study 1) and also tested for discriminant validity with an established multiple item measure of violation. Findings replicated those in study 1. The findings have important implications for considering alternative, more comprehensive and elaborate ways of assessing breach.