900 resultados para early age
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Registros de 2.981 lactações de vacas da raça Pardo-Suiça, distribuídas em 62 rebanhos, com parições nos anos de 1980 a 2002, foram utilizados para verificar a influência de fatores genéticos e não genéticos, sobre a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto. O modelo empregado incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho, ano e estação de parto, além dos efeitos aleatórios de animal e ambiente temporário. Para a produção de leite, além dos efeitos fixos descritos anteriormente, incluíram-se também os efeitos linear da duração da lactação e linear e quadrático da idade da vaca ao parto, como co-variáveis. Na estimação dos componentes de (co) variâncias foi utilizada a inferência Bayesiana por meio de amostrador de Gibbs, com tamanho de cadeia de 1.500.000 rounds e período de queima 500.000 rounds. A frequência de amostragem foi de 500 rounds. As médias estimadas para produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto foram iguais a 5347,47 1849,13 kg e 29,65 4,51 meses, respectivamente. Os efeitos de rebanho, ano de parto e duração da lactação, influenciaram significativamente a produção de leite (P< 0,01). A idade ao primeiro parto foi influenciada pelos efeitos de rebanho, ano de parto (P<0,01), além do efeito de estação de parto (P<0,05). As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas para a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto foram iguais a 0,23 e 0,18, respectivamente. A correlação genética entre as duas foi igual a -0,31. A tendência genética e fenotípica, em função do reprodutor, para produção de leite foi de 1,09 kg e 115,34 kg de leite, respectivamente, para cada ano de produção. Para idade ao primeiro parto, os valores genéticos dos reprodutores tornaram-se negativos a partir de 1988, com redução aproximada de 0,05 meses a cada ano e fenotipicamente verificou-se uma redução de 32 para 28 meses de idade ao primeiro. Filhas de touros com alto valor genético para produção de leite tendem a apresentar crescimento mais acelerado ou maturidade fisiológica a uma idade mais precoce, diminuindo a idade ao primeiro parto.
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC
O jogo simbólico livre e dirigido e as manifestações do juízo moral em crianças da educação infantil
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Background: This study analyzed the positioning of the head, trunk, and upper extremities during gait in children with visual impairment. Methods: A total of 11 children participated in this study: 6 with blindness and 5 with low vision. The kinematics of the positioning of the head, trunk, shoulders, and elbows in each participant was analyzed during the four phases of the gait cycle: foot strike, support, toe-off, and swing. Results: There were significant differences between children with blindness and low vision in the positioning of the trunk in the sagittal plane during the foot strike, support, and swing phases. Conclusions: The analysis identified postural alterations of the head, trunk, shoulder, and elbow during the children’s gait, highlighting the relevance of appropriate stimulation at an early age in orientation and mobility programs, as well as the essential presence of professionals who work with movement.
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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In malocclusion studies, may happen not only dental discrepancies but even skeletal discrepancies. In Class III malocclusion can be observed underdeveloped maxilla, mandible protraction or both of them, and, in most of the times associated with a narrow maxilla that causes anterior or posterior crossbites, in one side or in two sides. The aim of this case report is to evaluate the facial profile and occlusal effects of interceptive orthodontics therapy. The treatment with upper arch expansion and maxilla protraction was done in an early age to be effective in the circummaxillary sutural system and to make the orthopedic effect easier. The facial mask used is positioned on two facial points and allows an anterior maxillary replacement. Patients’ compliance is important to reach treatment success, this because using the mask still in this growth and development phase is essential to make the facial and occlusal effects happen. It is important to mention that patients with Angle Class III malocclusion need to be followed till the end of their growth.
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In order to better understand the natural history of chronic functional constipation, a questionnaire was applied to 163 children and infants, before beginning standardized treatment. Median age (range) at start was 3 mo(0-108 mo) but age at arrival at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit was 53 mo(2-146 mo). In 62.4% of the cases symptoms began before or up to 3 mo after cow's milk introduction and rarely around (-/+ 6 mo) toilet training. Possible complications appeared progressively, often at preschool or school age or as the first noticeable manifestation: recurrent abdominal pain (61.1%), fecal soiling (45.4%), fecal blood (35%), enuresis (23.3%), vomiting (19%), urinary infection (17.9%), urinary retention (8.6%). Abdominal distension was rarely detected on physical examination and was usually discrete. In conclusion, children attended in Botucatu begin their constipation at an early age, frequently associated with weaning,and important complications may ensue along years. This evolution should be avoided by prevention and early treatment of constipation.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of early age thermal conditioning (TC) and dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) to minimize the effect of heat stress. A total of 240 Cobb 500 1-d-old male broiler chicks was randomly allocated to 24 floor pens with six replicates per treatment in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (with and without TC and with and without DEB). Dietary treatments consisted: (T1) a traditional diet without TC; (T2) traditional diet with TC; (T3) with the application of dietary electrolyte and without TC and (T4) application of dietary electrolyte with TC. The thermal conditioning was conducted at 5 d of age (36°C for 24 h), only half of the batch (120 birds). After this period, all birds were transferred to boxes of 1.5 x 3m (10 birds / box), with wood shavings reused as litter. Chicks were exposed to chronic heat stress (32°C) for 6 h from 35 to 39 d of age, in all treatments, being electronically monitored the temperature and humidity of the microclimate of the birds. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, even during periods of stress. Were measured performance data (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) and mortality rate. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the GLM procedures of SAS. The results of this study demonstrated no interaction effects of all evaluated parameters (performance and mortality). Therefore, no synergism occurred when both strategies (TC and DEB) were applied. Only the first week there was prejudice on broiler performance with the application of the TC and apparently the technique of early age thermal conditioning no improve the resistance of broilers to chronic heat stress. On the other hand, DEB had significantly favorable effects (P<0.05) on performance and minimized mortality immediately after application of the TC.
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Pós-graduação em Docência para a Educação Básica - FC
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC