Welfare regimes and change in the employment structure: Britain, Denmark and Germany since 1990

Welfare states are often reduced to their role as providers of social protection and redistribution. In 1990, Esping-Andersen argued that they also affect employment creation and the class structure. We analyse the stratification outcomes for three welfare regimes - Britain, Germany and Denmark - over the 1990s and 2000s. Based on individual-level surveys, we observe a disproportionate increase among professionals and managers, and a decline among production workers and clerks. The result is clear-cut occupational upgrading in Denmark and Germany. In Britain, high and low-end service jobs expanded, resulting in a polarized version of upgrading. Growth in low-end service jobs - and thus polarization - is no precondition for full employment. Both Britain and Denmark halved their low-educated unemployment rate between 1995 and 2008. Yet low-end service jobs expanded only in Britain, not in Denmark. The cause is the evolution of labour supply: rising educational attainment means that fewer low-educated workers look for low-skilled jobs.

Self Instructional Math, HR-324, 1995

The Self Instructional Math course book is designed to provide a basic math knowledge for those involved in the planning, design, and construction of highways. It was developed in a manner to allow the student to take the course with minimal supervision and at times that the work schedule allows. The first version of the course was developed in the early 1970's and due to its popularity was revised in the early 1990's to reflect changes in the highway construction math needs. The anticipated move to metric (System International) measurements by the highway industry has necessitated the need to change the math course problem values to metric units. The course includes the latest in Iowa DOT policy information relative to the selection and use of metric values for highway design, and construction. Each unit of the book contains instructional information, section quizzes and a comprehensive examination. All problem values are expressed in metric rather than dual (english and SI) units. The appendix contains useful conversion factors to assist the reader in making the change to metric.

Investigation of PCC Pavement Deterioration: A Few Facts are Worth More than 100 Opinions, Interim Report, HR-2074, 1995

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement has served the State of Iowa well for many years. The oldest Iowa pavement was placed in LeMars in 1904. Beginning in 1931, many miles of PCC pavement were built to "get out of the mud.” Many of these early pavements provided good performance without deterioration for more than 50 years. In the late 1950's, Iowa was faced with severe PCC pavement deterioration referred to as D cracking. Research identified the cause of this deterioration as crushed limestone containing a bad pore system. Selective quarrying and ledge control has alleviated this problem. In 1990, cracking deterioration was identified on a three year old pavement on us 20 in central Iowa. The coarse aggregate was a crushed limestone with an excellent history of performance in PCC pavement. Examination of cores showed very few cracks through the coarse aggregate particles. The cracks were predominately confined to the matrix. The deterioration was identified as alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) by a consultant.

Akateemiset urapolut. Humanistisen, yhteiskuntatieteellisen ja kasvatustieteellisen alan generalistien urapolkujen alkuvaiheet 1980- ja 1990-luvuilla

Academic Career Paths. The early career phases of generalists in the fields of humanities, social science and education in the 1980’s and 1990’s This doctoral thesis analyses how generalist graduates of master’s degree have attached to the labour market in two different time periods, and how their career paths in the first eight years following graduation have shaped up. The thesis also analyses the channels of employment through which the generalists have got employed in their early career path. By generalists I am referring to graduates of studies in academic fields which have not qualified the person in a specific profession but rather offered a more general readiness for working life. I address two groups of generalist master’s degree graduates of The University of Turku; one including graduates of the year 1985 and the other consisting of graduates of 1995. All subjects have graduated in the field of humanities, social studies or education. 71 respondents from the group of 1985 and 80 respondents from the group of 1995 answered a survey, which provided the data for the thesis. I interpret the data through the theoretical approaches of changing working life, model of normal employment, transitional labour markets, linear life path, overlapping life courses, hidden labour market and social capital. The conclusion of the thesis is that societal era is connected with employment and career paths of academic generalists. Between the two groups there were differences especially in attachment to labor market, in forms of employment (permanent full-time job vs. temporary job) and in employment channels. Compared to the situation the 1985 group had been in after their graduation, the 1995 group - after getting their degree - became more often unemployed and/or employed in duties below their level of education. Their mobility was also greater and their contracts were often temporary, whereas the graduates of 1985 had been employed in more permanent positions. I demonstrate that the career paths of generalists can be categorized in five career types: steady state, transitory, linear, unsteady and diverging career. Graduates of 1985 have been treading on more stable paths than the latter group. The channels of employment they used were roughly equally divided between formal (e.g. newspaper advertisement and employment office) and informal (e.g. personal contacts and unprompted search for work) channels, whereas amongst the 1995 group employment happened through more varied channels and mostly through informal channels. Regardless of their year of graduation the generalists’ careers had begun to evolve already while they were still in the university and had started working at the same time. The thesis displays how the model of normal employment has weakened and career paths have become unsteady as a consequence of temporary positions. What is also evident in employment when turning from the 1980’s towards the succeeding decade is the rise of significance of the hidden labour market and social capital.

Licenciatura em Química da UFC: perfil sócio-econômico, evasão e desempenho dos alunos

This paper describes the studies of the performance and the efficiency of the Degree in Chemistry (nocturne) course at the UFC. The study embraces the period of its foundation (1995) until the current days. In general, the course has enhanced its efficiency, with an evident improvement presented by the students, which are more confident with strong indicative of better social prestige.

Efeito do sistema de manejo sobre o comportamento em pastejo, desempenho ponderal e infestação parasitária em ovinos Suffolk

Foi estudado o comportamento em pastejo, o desempenho ponderal e o nível de infestação parasitária em ovelhas da raça Suffolk, no período de 1994 a 1995, em Nova Odessa, SP. Comparou-se dois sistemas de manejo: pastejo restrito, onde os animais foram soltos às 9:50h e presos às 17:30h e pastejo em período integral, no qual os animais não eram recolhidos, tendo a disposição abrigo para passarem a noite. Foram utilizadas 34 fêmeas adultas no verão (17 em pastejo livre e 17 em pastejo restrito) e 42 fêmeas adultas no inverno (21 em pastejo livre e 21 em pastejo restrito). Trabalhou-se ainda com 12 animais traçadores em cada estação do ano, sendo metade em cada sistema de manejo visando a contagem de nematódeos no trato digestivo dos animais. Durante 3 dias consecutivos nos meses de janeiro/fevereiro (verão) e julho/agosto (inverno) estudou-se, através da observação dos animais, a cada 30 minutos entre as 7:00 e 17:30h, o hábito de pastejo (pastando ou não; na sombra ou no sol). Acompanhou-se o nível de infestação parasitária dos animais em cada sistema, pela contagem do OPG do rebanho e dos traçadores e nematódeos recuperados nos traçadores. Concluiu-se que a restrição do horário de pastejo isoladamente não propiciou um controle efetivo da infestação parasitária nos animais mostrando. A restrição do tempo de pastejo é compensada pela maior atividade dos animais nas horas mais quentes do dia, todavia este comportamento afetou o desempenho, resultando em menor ganho de peso. A maior disponibilidade de forragem, em relação ao consumo estimado, pode explicar a similaridade entre os tempos de pastejo verificados nos dois sistemas de manejo, tanto no verão como no inverno.

Feminismejä, feministejä ja ruotsalaista tyttöelokuvaa 1990-2000-luvuilla

Lectio praecursoria kulttuurihistorian väitöskirjaan New feminisms, gender equality and neoliberalism in Swedish girl films, 1995-2006 Turun yliopistossa 24.1.2015.

Investimento direto estrangeiro e o desempenho das exportações brasileiras

Brazil, in the 1990s, assumed a remarkable position as a host of foreign direct investment. It is worth mentioning that the service sector received the highest proportion of foreign investment. This market seeking strategy was responsible for the growth of the Brazilian imports. The results are confirmed by the performance of foreign enterprises into different groups of activities. Those enterprises with majority of foreign capital have increased their imports the most from 1995 to 2000. Therefore, during the 1995-2000 period, this study does not support the view that foreign investment has directly improved the performance of the Brazilian exporting sector.

Oferta de trabajo un modelo de equilibrio con desempleo análisis sectorial para México (1990) [por] Angélica Sánchez Castañeda

Tesis (Maestría en Economía Industrial) U.A.N.L.

Solemne apertura del curso acad??mico 1995-96 : investidura de Doctor Honoris Causa del Excmo. Sr. D. Mario Vargas Llosa

Los discursos del acto central de la investidura son: Vargas Llosa: elogio y defensa de la escritura, de Victorino Polo y sobre el indigenismo en la literatura peruana del propio Vargas Llosa

Proyectos educativos europeos : Comenius en la Regi??n de Murcia desde 1995 a 2002

La publicaci??n recoge en una serie de fichas-resumen la participaci??n de la Comunidad Aut??noma de la Regi??n de Murcia en proyectos educativos europeos dentro del Comenius desde el a??o 1995 hasta el 2002, en una segunda parte se da aconocer la gu??a tem??tica sobre programas europeos y la orden de las Consejer??a de Educaci??n y Universidades de 11 de enero de 2001 por las que se pudieron solicitar las acciones descentralizadas del programa S??crates sirviendo como referente para convocatorias posteriores.

Informe Juventud. Asturias 1995.

Ser un instrumento de trabajo que intenta reflejar la realidad juvenil aportando indicadores en cada una de las áreas de trabajo que proporcionen información utilizable por las personas implicadas o interesadas en la juventud asturiana. La juventud asturiana. Se hace un análisis sociodemográfico de la población asturiana /densidad, índice de envejecimiento, movilidad de la población asturiana, escolaridad, entorno familiar, mercado de trabajo.../ posteriormente se hace un estudio del área de educación, formación y empleo por un lado y por otro del área de salud y calidad de vida. fuentes secundarias. 1.Se define el término juventud y estudian los aspectos sociodemográficos de la población asturiana. Asturias se encuentra entre las CC.AA. con índice más bajo de analfabetismo y de los más altos en cuanto a nivel formativo de su población. La juventud asturiana cursa más estudios que la media española y también abandona con más frecuencia. Se prefiere el bachillerato a la FP. Las jóvenes asturianos presentan tasas de conflictos escolares y abandono menores que los chicos. Se confirma que el diferente tipo de asentamiento es un elemento discriminatorio a la hora de acceder con facilidad a la cultura institucionalizada. Por debajo de los 24 años la mayoría estudian o completan su formación entrando luego en la población activa. El mayor peso de paro lo tienen personas con formación primaria y certificado de escolaridad, las tasas de paro juvenil en Asturias son grandes, hay más jóvenes y llevan más tiempo buscando trabajo que los de otras CC.AA. A pesar de crecer el porcentaje de desempleo, ha disminuido la proporción femenina, fruto posiblemente de su mayor preparación, sobre todo en menores de 30 años. Los jóvenes están satisfechos con el empleo de su tiempo libre. Las mujeres parecen más orientadas a actividades de consumo y formativas y los jóvenes hacia las culturales.

Usos y abusos del litoral : campaña Coastwatch Asturies 1995.

La campaña Coastwatch Asturies es un programa europeo en el que participan diversos grupos de alumnos de 12 a 18 años, de los concejos costeros asturianos, cuyo objetivo es informar del estado actual de la costa de Asturias y elfomento de la educación ambiental. Participaron 1314 observadores de 27 centros de Primaria y Secundaria y 11 asociaciones, que repartida la costa asturiana en tramos de 500 metros, recogieron muestras en uno o varios de ellos según la metodología y técnicas establecidas en el proyecto, cubriendo un protocolo de observación. Este proyecto viene desarrollándose en España desde 1990 y en Asturias desde 1992 y pretende vigilar, observar la costa, constatando todos sus cambios, determinando el estado ambiental del litoral en cuanto a su conservación y gestión; tras la captación de los participantes, se mantuvieron reuniones en los CEPs para informar, asesorar y documentar sobre la campaña y su realización práctica en los centros educativos; se distribuyeron las encuestas, kits analíticos, documentación para la realización de las observaciones, coordinando los diferentes grupos, recopilación de datos, su informatización y finalmente la elaboración del informe que se envia al centro coordinador de la campaña a nivel estatal.

Análisis de 6 objetivos de desarrollo del milenio a través de las encuestas nacionales de demografía y salud 1990-2010

Introducción: Descripción de tendencias de indicadores seleccionados de Encuestas Nacionales de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) considerados de importancia para medición del alcance de los primeros 6 objetivos de desarrollo del milenio (ODM). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, análisis de 18 indicadores de salud, por disponibilidad de datos de ENDS 1990 - 2010. Análisis con estadística descriptiva datos disponibles y modelo matemático de crecimiento exponencial para determinar proyección al 2015. Resultados: ODM1, quintil de riqueza “más bajo” en el 18.4% de la población y la proyección 2015 es 19.6%, la desnutrición global ha disminuido; ODM2, porcentaje de asistencia escolar ha incrementado (2010, 94%); ODM3, ocupación mujeres en agricultura ha disminuido en últimos 20 años (2010, 4,6%) y ha incrementado actividades de mayor preparación; se mantienen los diferentes tipos de violencia contra la mujer; ODM4, desde 1995 ha disminuido la mortalidad en la niñez y aumento de cobertura en vacunación desde 2000; ODM5, atención “profesional” del parto con incremento hasta 92.7% en 2010, incremento en conocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos; ODM6 mayor uso del condón y mayores conocimientos de métodos para evitar VIH. Discusión: Avances en los ODM 2, 3, 4 y 5, que van de la mano con estrategias planteadas para el cumplimiento de los ODM, con gran impacto en disminución de la desnutrición y de la mortalidad en menores de 5 años, mejoría en la atención pre/postnatal. Algunos objetivos según las tendencias no serán alcanzados como el ODM1 cuyo indicador muestra que el número de personas en situación de pobreza podría aumentar.