921 resultados para Work participation


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This qualitative research project uses a Deleuzo-Guattarian theoretical framework to address the question: “How are the politically oriented social forums in Gaia Online experienced as a continuum of overlapping of lines, including molar lines, lines of flight, and molecular lines?” Although smooth lines of flight may occur in Gaia, there are always mechanisms that work to re-territorialize them as more striated molar operations. Conversely, while more striated molar lines may be evident in Gaia, there are also smooth lines of flight that attempt to deterritorialize them as smooth space. Founded in 2003, Gaia is a virtual community in which members use 3D avatars to socialize with others, create content, and play games. Deleuze and Guattari (1987) have defined space with three systems: on one end is state-oriented static space, on the other end is nomadic fluid space, and situated in the middle is molecular space which contains both smooth and striating elements. While state-oriented striated space is based on routines, rules, and specifications, nomadic smooth space is flexible, always changing, and full of possibility. Some of the smoother operations that are evident in Gaia include becoming other, decentred communications, desire as resistance, and lines of flight. Some of the more striated operations include social reproduction of gender norms/expectations, capitalist mechanisms, violence and intolerance linked to categories and binaries (racism/sexism/ageism), the regulation of desire, and the organisation of bodies.

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This study investigated instructor perceptions of motivators and barriers that exist with respect to participation in educational development in the postsecondary context. Eight instructors from a mid-size, research intensive university in south-western Ontario participated in semistructured interviews to explore this particular issue. Data were analyzed using a qualitative approach. Motivation theory was used as a conceptual framework in this study, referring primarily to the work of Ryan and Deci (2000), Deci and Ryan (1985), and Pink (2009). The identified motivators and barriers spanned all 3 levels of postsecondary institutions: the micro (i.e., the individual), the meso (i.e., the department or Faculty), and the macro (i.e., the institution). Significant motivators to participation in educational development included desire to improve one’s teaching (micro), feedback from students (meso), and tenure and promotion (macro). Significant barriers to participation included lack of time (micro), the perception that an investment towards one’s research was more important than an investment to enhancing teaching (meso), and the impression that quality teaching was not valued by the institution (macro). The study identifies connections between the micro, meso, macro framework and motivation theory, and offers recommendations for practice.

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Rapport de recherche

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Rapport de recherche

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Rapport de recherche

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Affiliation: Svetlana Shumikhina &Stéphane Molotchnikoff : Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal

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Rapport de recherche

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Notre recherche tente de comprendre l’évolution de la participation sociale et les nouvelles formes qu’elle prend dans la société canadienne contemporaine. La participation sociale constitue désormais un enjeu important dans les sociétés démocratiques, où la vie sociale est menacée par la logique marchande et où l’action de l’État sollicite de plus en plus l‘engagement social. Nous nous demandons ainsi comment la distribution du temps de participation sociale a évolué chez les Canadiens âgés de 25 à 49 ans, afin de saisir de quelle manière les individus concilient quotidiennement leur vie professionnelle, familiale et civique. Nous avons ainsi analysé la participation sociale à partir de la place qu’elle occupe dans l’organisation de l’emploi du temps quotidien, plutôt qu’à partir de ses déterminants. Au terme de nos analyses, nous pouvons poser deux conclusions majeures. D’abord, l’évolution entre 1992 et 1998, des activités formelles (bénévolat) et des activités informelles (entraide) se caractérise par la baisse du taux de participation. Par contre, il s’est également produit un allongement du temps de participation du bénévolat qui témoigne de l’existence d’un « noyau dur » de bénévoles. Ensuite, c’est la manière spécifique dont les individus organisent leur temps libre qui explique l’engagement social et le temps qui lui est consacré. Ceci nous fait conclure à l’influence réelle mais non totalement déterminante du temps de travail dans le fait de s’engager ou non et de consacrer de plus ou moins longues périodes à la pratique de ces activités.

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The future of sustainability is tied to the future of our ability to manage interconnectedness and interdependence, and thus to our abilities to engage in cooperative, value-creating public deliberations and negotiations.To understand these issues,we need a better understanding of the micro-politics of planning and public participation, the relationships between our received theories and our practices, and in particular, the work of public dispute resolution and its implications for democratic deliberation and governance.We need better to understand the differences between dialogue, debate, and negotiation, as well as the corresponding work of facilitating a dialogue, moderating a debate, and mediating an actual negotiation. Contrasting processes and practical attitudes of dialogue, debate, and negotiation can teach us, in the context of creating a sustainable future, that we must devise discursive and conversational political processes and institutions that explore possible commitments so that we not only know the right things to do but actually bring ourselves and one another to do those right things.

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Much of the literature on ethical issues in child and youth participation has drawn on the episodic experiences of participatory research efforts in which young people’s input has been sought, transcribed and represented. This literature focuses in particular on the power dynamics and ethical dilemmas embedded in time-bound adult/child and outsider/insider relationships. While we agree that these issues are crucial and in need of further examination, it is equally important to examine the ethical issues embedded within the “everyday” practices of the organizations in and through which young people’s participation in community research and development often occurs (e.g., community-based organizations, schools and municipal agencies). Drawing on experience from three summers of work in promoting youth participation in adult-led organizations of varying purpose, scale and structure, a framework is postulated that presents participation as a spatial practice shaped by five overlapping dimensions. The framework is offered as a point of discussion and a potential tool for analysis in ecipation in relation to organizational practice.

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This paper is based on case study research conducted in an economically depressed, immigrant gateway neighborhood of Escondido, California. This study has been in progress since 2005 and involves working with children at the local middle school on rights-based community environmental action research projects in coordination with student facilitators in an upper-division university class titled “Children and the Environment.” This case study has suggested inquiry into the practical ethical dimensions of working with children, administrators, and university students on action research. Examples of the ethical questions which arose during this study include: how can continuity for the middle school children be achieved as different groups of university stu- dents move in and out of the project as they take and finish the “Children and the Environment” class, and is it ethical for the middle school children’s work to be facilitated by university stu- dents only freshly trained in the action research technique? This paper explores these and other ethical questions involving power, coercion, tension over expectations, and obligation and provides direction for on-going ethical questions scholars should pursue in involving children in rights-based community environmental action research.

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L’essor continu de l’économie canadienne repose grandement sur l’immigration. Toutefois, le Canada a encore du chemin à faire pour assurer l’intégration des nouveaux arrivants sur le marché du travail. Notre recherche porte sur un moyen souvent considéré comme essentiel pour accomplir cette intégration : la formation liée à l’emploi. L’expression « formation liée à l’emploi » fait référence aux activités d’apprentissage en lien avec un emploi et parrainées par l’employeur. Nous avons deux objectifs. Le premier est de déterminer si les immigrants et les Canadiens de naissance ont les mêmes chances de participer à des activités de formation liée à l’emploi. Le deuxième est d’examiner l’effet du sexe et de la durée depuis l’immigration sur la probabilité qu’un immigrant participe à la formation liée à l’emploi. Notre analyse est de type quantitatif et utilise les données de l’Enquête sur l’éducation et la formation des adultes de l’année 2003, menée par Statistiques Canada. Concernant le premier objectif, il ressort de nos analyses que les travailleurs immigrants sont moins susceptibles que les Canadiens de naissance de participer à la formation liée à l’emploi. Même si d'autres études ont remarqué un écart semblable entre ces deux groupes, notre recherche a la particularité de contrôler l'impact de six variables qui, selon la littérature, affectent le niveau de participation à la formation liée à l’emploi. Cette particularité réduit la probabilité que la différence observée entre les immigrants et les Canadiens de naissance puisse être le résultat d'un facteur autre que le statut d'immigrant. Quant au deuxième objectif, notre étude montre que la durée depuis l'immigration augmente les chances qu'un immigrant participe à la formation liée à l’emploi. Néanmoins, la question concernant l'impact du sexe de l’immigrant demeure ouverte. En effet, à l’encontre de nos attentes, nous n’avons pas observé d’effet statistiquement significatif du sexe sur la relation entre le statut d’immigrant et la participation à la formation liée à l’emploi. Notre recherche permet d'attirer le regard sur un possible facteur modérateur qui mérite plus de réflexion de la part des chercheurs.