Analysis of outliers in electricity spot prices with exampleof New England and New Zealand markets

Electricity spot prices have always been a demanding data set for time series analysis, mostly because of the non-storability of electricity. This feature, making electric power unlike the other commodities, causes outstanding price spikes. Moreover, the last several years in financial world seem to show that ’spiky’ behaviour of time series is no longer an exception, but rather a regular phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to seek patterns and relations within electricity price outliers and verify how they affect the overall statistics of the data. For the study techniques like classical Box-Jenkins approach, series DFT smoothing and GARCH models are used. The results obtained for two geographically different price series show that patterns in outliers’ occurrence are not straightforward. Additionally, there seems to be no rule that would predict the appearance of a spike from volatility, while the reverse effect is quite prominent. It is concluded that spikes cannot be predicted based only on the price series; probably some geographical and meteorological variables need to be included in modeling.

New England idyls, Op. 62

Soitinnus: Piano.

Om nyttan som England kan hafwa af sina nybyggen i norra America

Inv: Med Guds Hjelp.

The passing of Protestant England

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kalm's account of his visit to England on his way to America in 1748

With two maps and several illustrations

[Joseph] Guillemot gagnant du National anglais [épreuve de cross à Windsor, le 13 mars 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58527

History of England from the peace of Utrecht to the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Edition 3,Volume 2 / by lord Mahon

Collection : Collection of ancient and modern british authors ; 325-326

History of England from the peace of Utrecht to the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Volume 1,Edition 3 / by lord Mahon

Collection : Collection of ancient and modern british authors ; 325-326

National anglais [épreuve de cross à Windsor], [Charles] Clibbon, [Joseph] Guillemot gagnant, [Christopher] Vose : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58529

Pen and sunlight sketches of scenery reached by the Grand Trunk Railway and connections : including Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, Rapids of the Saint Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec, and the mountains of New England.--

At head of title: "The tourist route of America".

Pen and sunlight sketches of scenery reached by the Grand Trunk Railway and connections : including Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, Rapids of the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec, and the Mountains of New England. --

At head of title: "The tourist route of America."

Cabinet Card of African Canadian by Photographer W. J. Rea, of Windsor [n.d.]

An unidentified African Canadian man is featured in this cabinet card by W. J. Rea, photographer, of Windsor, Ontario. The man appears to be in official dress, possibly of a religious or legal nature. This cabinet card bears the stamp of the photographer, W. J. Rea, in black ink along the bottom of the card and on the reverse. While it is undated, it is likely from the 1870s or 1880s. This cabinet card was in the possession of Iris Sloman Bell, of St. Catharines, Ontario. The Sloman - Bell family descendants include African American slaves from the United States who settled in Canada."Cabinet card photographs were first introduced in 1866. They were initially employed for landscapes rather than portraitures. Cabinet cards replaced Carte de visite photographs as the popular mode of photography. Cabinet cards became the standard for photographic portraits in 1870. Cabinet cards experienced their peak in popularity in the 1880's. Cabinet cards were still being produced in the United States until the early 1900's and continued to be produced in Europe even longer. The best way to describe a cabinet card is that it is a thin photograph that is mounted on a card that measures 4 1/4″ by 6 1/2″. Cabinet cards frequently have artistic logos and information on the bottom or the reverse of the card which advertised the photographer or the photography studio's services." Source: http://cabinetcardgallery.wordpress.com/category/cabinet-card-history/