Performance Analysis of Sparse Traffic Grooming in WDM Mesh Networks

Sparse traffic grooming is a practical problem to be addressed in heterogeneous multi-vendor optical WDM networks where only some of the optical cross-connects (OXCs) have grooming capabilities. Such a network is called as a sparse grooming network. The sparse grooming problem under dynamic traffic in optical WDM mesh networks is a relatively unexplored problem. In this work, we propose the maximize-lightpath-sharing multi-hop (MLS-MH) grooming algorithm to support dynamic traffic grooming in sparse grooming networks. We also present an analytical model to evaluate the blocking performance of the MLS-MH algorithm. Simulation results show that MLSMH outperforms an existing grooming algorithm, the shortest path single-hop (SPSH) algorithm. The numerical results from analysis show that it matches closely with the simulation. The effect of the number of grooming nodes in the network on the blocking performance is also analyzed.

Design of a Comb Generator for High Capacity Coherent-WDM Systems

This paper presents a theoretical model developed for estimating the power, the optical signal to noise ratio and the number of generated carriers in a comb generator, having as a reference the minimum optical signal do noise ratio at the receiver input, for a given fiber link. Based on the recirculating frequency shifting technique, the generator relies on the use of coherent and orthogonal multi-carriers (Coherent-WDM) that makes use of a single laser source (seed) for feeding high capacity (above 100 Gb/s) systems. The theoretical model has been validated by an experimental demonstration, where 23 comb lines with an optical signal to noise ratio ranging from 25 to 33 dB, in a spectral window of similar to 3.5 nm, are obtained.

Estudio de limitaciones en sistemas WDM

Los avances tecnológicos de los últimos años han modificado el panorama de las comunicaciones ópticas. Los amplificadores EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) han alterado dos aspectos fundamentales de los sistemas WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing): el aumento considerable de las distancias de regeneración y además, la tecnología WDM es un medio más económico de incrementar la capacidad de los sistemas que la tecnología TDM (Time Division Multiplexing). Sin embargo, la implementación de sistemas WDM con grandes tramos sin regeneración de señal óptica trae consigo la aparición de nuevos problemas, entre los que se encuentran las no-linealidades en fibra óptica. Estas no-linealidades en fibras de sílice se pueden clasificar en dos categorías: dispersión estimulada (de Raman y de Brillouin) y efectos debidos al índice no lineal de refracción (automodulación y modulación cruzada de fase y mezcla de cuatro ondas). Este Proyecto Fin de Carrera pretende ser un estudio teórico que refleje el actual Estado del Arte de los principales efectos no-lineales que se producen en los sistemas WDM: dispersión estimulada de Raman (SRS, Stimulated Raman Scattering), dispersión estimulada de Brillouin (SBS,Stimulated Brilfouin Scattering), automodulación de fase (SPM, Self-Phase Modulation), modulación cruzada de fase (XPM, Cross-Phase Modulation) y mezcla de cuatro ondas (FWM, Four-Wave Mixing).

Estudio de la inserción de regeneradores 1r en un enlace óptico WDM punto a punto mediante herramientas CAD

El objetivo de este proyecto es estudiar el posicionamiento óptimo de un amplificador óptico dopado con Erbio (EDFA, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) en un enlace de fibra óptica punto a punto a través de la herramienta de simulación VPI photonics. Primero, se han expuesto los principios físicos que definen el funcionamiento de este tipo de amplificadores 1R. Posteriormente se han realizado lo que hemos denominado escenarios, en los que se han diseñado distintos casos de estudio.

Logic cells as basic structures to add/drop WDM information signals

Nowadays, in order to take advantage of fiber optic bandwidth, any optical communications system tends to be WDM. The way to extract a channel, characterized by a wavelength, from the optical fiber is to filter the specific wavelength. This gives the systems a low degree of freedom due to the fact of the static character of most of the employed devices. In this paper we will present a different way to extract channels from an optical fiber with WDM transmission. The employed method is based on an Optically Programmable Logic Cells (OPLC) previously published by us, for other applications as a chaotic generator or as basic element for optical computing. In this paper we will describe the configuration of the OPLC to be employed as a dropping device. It acts as a filter because it will extract the data carried by a concrete wavelength. It does depend, internally, on the wavelength. We will show how the intensity of the signal is able to select the chosen information from the line. It will be also demonstrated that a new idea of redundant information it is the way of selecting the concrete wavelength. As a matter of fact this idea is apparently the only way to use the OPLC as a dropping device. Moreover, based on these concepts, a similar way to route signals to different routes is reported. The basis is the use of photonic switching configurations, namely Batcher or Bayan structures, where the unit switching cells are the above indicated OPLCs.

QKD in dense WDM passive optical networks

Quantum cryptography in communications networks

Distribución cuántica de claves en redes de acceso WDM-PON

En esta comunicación se plantea el estudio de redes para QKD donde sólo coexisten canales cuánticos compartiendo la misma fibra. Se han estudiado las redes de acceso basadas en la tecnología WDM-PON y DWDM (Dense WDM) en red central, lo que permitiría el direccionamiento mediante longitud de onda y abaratar la tecnología al compartir un solo sustrato físico, idéntico al usado en redes de telecomunicación, entre multitud de canales cuánticos. Además, hemos comprobado su funcionamiento de forma experimental en el laboratorio con equipos comerciales. En un futuro habrá que estudiar el comportamiento de los distintos componentes de la red y la compatibilidad de los distintos dispositivos QKD para integrarse dentro de un canal compartido en la misma red cuántica.

Diseño e implementación de un sistema WDM mediante equipamiento de Fibernet

El objetivo que persigue el presente trabajo es el diseño de un sistema de interconexión basado en la tecnología WDM. Se presenta la comunicación entre dos Centros de Procesamiento de Datos (CPDs), localizados geográficamente distantes dentro de un entorno metropolitano. El punto de partida se establece sobre la base de una serie de requerimientos previos solicitados por un operador de telecomunicaciones, el cual pretende dotar de servicio mediante fibra óptica a varios centros de negocio dentro de la misma ciudad y, para ello, se solicita el diseño y la implementación de la solución lo que, en esencia, se tratará de un proyecto llave en mano. En este documento se expondrá el análisis del caso de estudio, la solución técnica desarrollada para satisfacer los requisitos requeridos por el cliente y la estimación económica del equipamiento e instalación del mismo. Del mismo modo, se establecerán líneas de trabajo futuras de cara a mejorar el sistema de comunicación implementado de acuerdo a las necesidades actuales y futuras, ya sea traducido en una mejora de las prestaciones o ahorro de costes. Para poder realizar el diseño de la solución, se establecen las bases teóricas de la tecnología WDM con el fin de disponer de los conocimientos necesarios para el estudio, diseño e implementación de la solución propuesta. ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to study the design of an interconnection system based on WDM technology. Communication will be means of two Data Center (DC) located at different geographical points within a metropolitan area. The starting point is based on a serie of demands requested by a telecommunications service provider, which claims to provide a communication service using fibre optics to several business centers within the same city and, to do this, it requires the design and deploy the solution that, will basically be a turnkey project. The paper analyzes the case of study, the technical solution which needs to be developed to fulfil the requirements required by the client and an estimate budget as regards the equipment and installation needed. In the same way, it describes the possible lines of work so as to improve implemented communication system taking into account the future needs, either related to improved performance or cost savings. To carry out the design of the solution, a theoretical basis of WDM technology is established in order to obtain the knowledge needed for the study, design and implementation of the proposed solution.

Operator's, organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual for compressor, rotary, air, DED, 250 CFM, 100 psi trailer-mounted, NSN 4310-01-158-3262, component of pneumatic tool and compressor outfit, NSN 3820-01-195-4167, Ingersoll-Rand model number P-250-WDM-H268.

Includes index.

Low-cost in-fiber WDM devices using tilted FBGs

We report the realization of low-cost in-fiber WDM device function utilizing efficient side-detection of strong radiation mode out-coupling from tilted FBGs. The spatial-to-spectral conversion efficiency as high as 0.32 mm/nm is demonstrated.

Monitoring long distance WDM communication lines using a high-loss loopback supervisory system

In this paper, we present experimental results for monitoring long distance WDM communication links using a line monitoring system suitable for legacy optically amplified long-haul undersea systems. This monitoring system is based on setting up a simple, passive, low cost high-loss optical loopback circuit at each repeater that provides a connection between the existing anti-directional undersea fibres, and can be used to define fault location. Fault location is achieved by transmitting a short pulse supervisory signal along with the WDM data signals where a portion of the overall signal is attenuated and returned to the transmit terminal by the loopback circuit. A special receiver is used at the terminal to extract the weakly returned supervisory signal where each supervisory signal is received at different times corresponding to different optical repeaters. Therefore, the degradation in any repeater appears on its corresponding supervisory signal level. We use a recirculating loop to simulate a 4600 km fibre link, on which a high-loss loopback supervisory system is implemented. Successful monitoring is accomplished through the production of an appropriate supervisory signal at the terminal that is detected and identified in a satisfactory time period after passing through up to 45 dB attenuation in the loopback circuit. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efficient optimisation of per-channel pre-compensation in WDM 20-Gbit/s RZ-DPSK transmission in non-slope matched submarine links

We propose a computationally efficient method to the per-channel dispersion optimisation applied to 50 GHz-spaced N × 20-Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing return-to-zero differential phase shift keying transmission in non-zero dispersion-shifted fibre based submarine systems. Crown Copyright © 2010.