Croissance et détermination de l'âge par lecture d'écailles d'un poisson plat de Côte d'Ivoire, Cynoglossus canariensis (Steind. 1882)

Cynoglossus canariensis has a very rapid growth. The rate of the males is 0,36 and the female one is 0,32. The asymptotic size is 55,0cm for the females and 50,5cm for the males. Females and males younger than three years (40cm), which represent 90 per cent of the Côte d'Ivoire stock have a similar growth, so the average equation: Lt=53,5 (1-e -0,34(t+1)) will be used.

Correio Braziliense: um olhar sobre a sociabilidade maçônica (1808-1822)

O presente trabalho propõe apresentar o tipo de sociabilidade maçônica idealizada por Hipólito José da Costa, redator do Correio Braziliense (1808-1822), pioneiro da imprensa brasileira, apesar de não ser um reconhecimento unânime. Dessa forma será enfatizado à trajetória de vida de Hipólito e as muitas memórias construídas por seus biógrafos, que trazem à luz as dubiedades que cercam a figura do redator luso-brasileiro. Algumas interpretações que abordam as inúmeras facetas de Hipólito estarão presentes neste estudo, sobretudo, a sua faceta maçônica. Assim, com o objetivo de analisar a sociabilidade maçônica defendida e propagada por Hipólito da Costa, tomarei como base o discurso do redator registrado não só no Correio, mas também no Diário da minha viagem para Filadélfia, na Narrativa da Perseguição e nas Cartas sobre a Framaçonaria, obras que revelam a concepção de Maçonaria adotada por Hipólito: uma sociedade de homens virtuosos, cujo fim é fazer bem às famílias consternadas.

Larval abundance of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) as a measure of recruitment and stock status

Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) is one of the most economically and ecologically important estuarine-dependent species in the northeastern United States. The status of the population is currently a topic of controversy. Our goal was to assess the potential of using larval abundance at ingress as another fishery independent measure of spawning stock biomass or recruitment. Weekly long-term ichthyoplankton time series were analyzed from Little Egg Inlet, New Jersey (1989–2006) and Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina (1986–2004). Mean size-at-ingress and stage were similar between sites, whereas timing of ingress and abundance at ingress were not similar. Ingress primarily occurred during the fall at Little Egg Inlet and the winter at Beaufort Inlet. These findings agree with those from earlier studies in which at least two stocks (one north and one south of Cape Hatteras) were identified with different spawning periods. Larval abundance at Little Egg Inlet has increased since the late 1990s and most individuals now enter the estuary earlier during the season of ingress. Abundance at Little Egg Inlet was correlated with an increase in spawning stock biomass, presumably because spawning by larger, more abundant fish during the late 1990s and early 2000s provided increased larval supply, at least in some years. Larval abundance at ingress at Beaufort Inlet was not correlated with spawning stock biomass or with larval abundance at ingress at Little Egg Inlet, further supporting the hypothesis of at least two stocks. Larval abundance at Little Egg Inlet could be used as a fishery-independent index of spawning stock size north of Cape Hatteras in future stock assessments. Larval occurrence at Beaufort Inlet may provide information on the abundance of the stock south of Cape Hatteras, but additional stock assessment work is required.

Approximate Solutions by Truncated Taylor Series Expansions of Nonlinear Differential Equations and Related Shadowing Property with Applications

This paper investigates the errors of the solutions as well as the shadowing property of a class of nonlinear differential equations which possess unique solutions on a certain interval for any admissible initial condition. The class of differential equations is assumed to be approximated by well-posed truncated Taylor series expansions up to a certain order obtained about certain, in general nonperiodic, sampling points t(i) is an element of [t(0), t(J)] for i = 0, 1, . . . , J of the solution. Two examples are provided.

Comportamento de pares fêmea-filhote de baleias-franca-austral, Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822) no litoral centro-sul de Santa Catarina

O litoral centro-sul do estado de Santa Catarina representa a mais importante área de concentração reprodutiva das baleias-franca-austral, Eubalaena australis, no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar o padrão comportamental dos pares fêmea-filhote que migram para essas áreas ao longo de 10 temporadas reprodutivas (2003 a 2012). Observações realizadas em pontos fixos foram conduzidas de Julho a Novembro, entre 2003 e 2012, de seis a sete vezes por semana, entre as 6:00h e 17:00h. Os dados foram coletados com auxilio de binóculos Pentax 12x55 mm, bússola, relógio digital, e registrados em fichas de campo padronizadas. Os estados comportamentais (natação, descanso e ativo) foram registrados em intervalos de cinco minutos e a frequência de eventos registrada em cada intervalo de cinco minutos. Natação foi o estado comportamental que prevaleceu tanto para fêmeas e filhotes, seguido de descanso e ativo para as fêmeas e seguido de ativo e descanso para os filhotes. A natação e o descanso são importantes para as fêmeas pois exigem menos energia, já que precisam usá-la para atividades das quais a sobrevivência da espécie depende, como parir, amamentar e cuidar dos filhotes. Para os filhotes, o comportamento ativo é mais importante para o seu desenvolvimento motor e preparação para o processo migratório. Os eventos mais expressados por ambos fêmea e filhote foram exposições indefinidas, estas sendo duas vezes maior para os filhotes. Os filhotes apresentaram comportamentos aéreos em taxas maiores do que as fêmeas, o que denota a importância de tais comportamentos no auxílio ao desenvolvimento da coordenação e na aptidão motora e no fortalecimento da musculatura, melhorando a resistência para a migração. A taxa de ocorrência de eventos aéreos para as fêmeas foi geralmente mais baixa, provavelmente na tentativa de desencorajar os comportamentos ativos realizados pelos filhotes. Esses resultados reforçam a importância da área de estudo como área reprodutiva para a espécie. O número de baleias-franca está crescendo na área, bem como o potencial conflito com atividades humanas. Entender os padrões comportamentais dos pares fêmea-filhote de baleias-franca-austral no litoral de Santa Catarina podem servir como valiosas ferramentas para a elaboração de planos de manejo, contribuindo para a conservação da espécie no litoral brasileiro

FishBase species profile: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) North African catfish

In this issue NAGA introduces a new page on profiles of fish species. This page will be a permanent feature of the NAGA and will be based on information derived from FishBase (http://www.fishbase.org), the world’s premier information system on fishes and a global public good. FishBase is being developed by the WorldFish Center and an International Consortium. The first species selected is the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus, one of the most important freshwater fish species in Africa. It has been chosen in honor of Prof Dr Guy Teugels of the Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale (MRAC) of Tervuren, Belgium, who recently passed away and who spent many years investigating this species.

Comparative study of hatching rates of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) eggs on different substrates

The hatching rates of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) eggs on four natural substrates: the roots of Nile cabbage (Pistia stratiotes), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), pond weed (Ceratophyllum dermasum) and green grass leaves (Commelina sp.), and four artificial substrates: sisal mats, nylon mats, papyrus mats and kakaban mats, was assessed. Concrete slabs were used as control. The natural substrates performed better than the artificial ones. Pistia roots gave the best mean hatching rate of 66.2 ± 3.62%. Green grass leaves were second with a mean rate of 54.0 ± 3.46%, water hyacinth was third with 49.7 ± 3.16% and Ceratophyllum fourth with a mean of 13.0 ± 2.37%. Concrete slabs gave a mean rate of 18.6 ± 2.8%, sisal mats 18.6 ± 2.0%, papyrus 12.2 ± 1.2% and kakaban 11.8 ± 1.9%. Nylon mats were the last, with a mean rate of 4.0 ± 0.7%. The best performing natural substrates were those with the ability to float and thin fibrous roots that seemed to allow higher aeration of the eggs during incubation. The cost of using natural substrates was minimal.

The evolution of body muscle composition of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell 1822)

Changes in body muscle composition of Clarias gariepinus were studied in fish reared from 1.08 g to 383 g mean body weight in a 201-day culture period. Changes in the amount of protein content, dry matter and ash free dry matter in the muscle tissue can be described as a function of body weight. The percentage of protein content was observed to be higher in bigger fish. Fat content was low throughout the fingerling stage. Specific growth rate decreased significantly at 400 g mean body weight (P<0.05) while feed conversion rate increased. The conclusion, based on the culture conditions in this study, is that the optimal weight for harvesting C. gariepinus is 400 g.

Pluralismo, política e julgamento: para um projeto crítico à luz da filosofia de Charles Taylor

O objetivo da tese de doutorado consistirá na defesa de uma alternativa para os dilemas políticos concernentes à incomparabilidade no interior de uma comunidade específica ou entre comunidades distintas, presente nas discussões em torno do pluralismo contemporâneo. Esta via é inspirada nos conceitos de bens constitutivos, avaliações fortes e articulação, desenvolvidos pelo filósofo canadense Charles Taylor, e é também uma tentativa de se pensar acerca de um projeto de crítica política que leve em consideração a motivação como elemento incontornável para a filosofia prática. A incomparabilidade, isto é, impossibilidade de critérios no julgamento entre práticas específicas, mas com repercussões públicas, levanta a questão de até que ponto é possível avaliar e deliberar racionalmente sobre modos de vida distintos e, às vezes, auto-excludentes. Tal problemática pode ser vista fortemente no chamado debate liberal-comunitarista, na década de 1980, bem como em seus desdobramentos nas discussões acerca do multiculturalismo, na década seguinte. E ainda, mais recentemente, nos impasses em torno do papel da religião na esfera pública. Mais do que pontos divergentes acerca da questão do julgamento, os que essas discussões também evidenciam é um debate mais central acerca do lugar que pode ocupar a política diante de nossa situação bem como as categorias pelas quais compreendemos o fenômeno do pluralismo. Sob a alcunha de comunitarista, o pensamento de Taylor aparece como uma forma atrativa por não se submeter ao relativismo (a impossibilidade de critério) e tampouco a um universalismo forte (baseado em critérios gerais e anteriores às práticas), ao desenvolver uma ontologia fundada em um conflito de bens constitutivos em disputa, sem desconsiderar o fenômeno do pluralismo. Com efeito, isto se dá na medida em que diante de práticas divergentes e concorrentes há implícita ou explicitamente uma posição acerca de como e a partir de onde podemos nos posicionar criticamente frente ao pluralismo vigente, uma vez que movimentos, discursos e relações são construídos em nome daquilo que se apresenta efetivamente como valioso ou digno de respeito e admiração. Neste sentido, qualquer tentativa de avaliação já diz respeito a nossa compreensão: de nós, do mundo e de nossa relação com o mundo. Um projeto crítico, levando em consideração nossas fontes que impulsionam a ação, requer um olhar detalhado que o pensamento de Taylor pode oferecer, especialmente a partir da relação entre os conceitos supracitados.

A histological study of the spermatogenesis in Ompok pabda (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822)

The present study deals with the histological analysis of testicular development in Ompok pabda. For the study, male gonads were collected month wise from January to September at Freshwater Station, BFRI, Mymensingh. From the analysis, 4 stages of sperm formation, namely, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa, were distinguished. The percent distribution of spermatozoa was highest in July (about 92%). Maximum GSI value was 1.129±0.271 found in July. By analyzing the histology of spermatogenesis it was established that this species breeds once in a year.

Purification and characterisation of immunoglobulins from the serum of a catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Attempts have been made to characterize and purify immunoglobulins from the serum of Clarias gariepinus, which has been immunized with bovine serum albumen. Initially, the proteins in the serum were chromatographed successively by affinity chromatography column. The affinity-purified fraction was concentrated and checked in SDS-PAGE, two bands of heavy chain and two bands of light chain were observed. Since teleost immunoglobulins have been shown to belong to a single class, the extra bands in light and heavy chains in the present study might be the breakdown of immunoglobulin or some unpurified contaminants. The affinity-purified fraction was also subjected to gel filtration chromatography column.

Biology of Bombay duck, Harpodon nehereus (Ham., 1822), from Mumbai waters, India

Morphometric and meristic study of Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) from Mumbai waters indicated that the specimens belonged to a homogenous population. Based on the meristic study, the fin formula can be written as B sub(23-269), D sub(12-139), P sub(11-139), V sub(9), A sub(13-15), C sub(19), L sub(40). Length-weight study revealed an allometric relationship, presented as Log W= -3.1362 + 3.6059 Log L. The analysis of food and feeding habits revealed the species to be voracious, carnivorous and cannibalistic, feeding mainly on Acetes spp., juveniles of H. nehereus itself, prawns and Coilia dussumieri. The feeding intensity was found to be the maximum during September and November, and also in mature specimens which may be the preparation for the ensuing spawning activity. Reproductive biology indicated two peak spawning seasons in November and March. However, the species as a whole has prolonged breeding season and spawning occurs throughout the year. Average fecundity was estimated as 314 ova/g body weight of fish and the length at which 50% of female specimens mature (Lc sub (50)) was calculated as 255 mm.

Effects of gamma radiation and -20°C temperatures on the shelf life of Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha (ham.-Buch. 1822)

The combined effect of radiation and refrigeration on the shelf life of hilsa, Tanualosa ilisha was studied by monitoring the microbiological, chemical and sensory changes of unirradiated and irradiated fish samples using low dose irradiation, doses of 300 krad, 600 krad and 900 krad. Irradiation (900 krad) dramatically reduced population of bacteria, namely total viable counts 48.850cfu per gm for unirradiated, 31.850cfu per gm and 19.600cfu per gm of 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad), total viable count were 14.100cfu per gm. Another microbial indicator total mould counts (TMC) was 8.750cfu per gm, 6.350cfu per gm, and 19.600cfu per gm for 300 krad and 600 krad, respectively. The effect was more pronounced at the higher dose (900 krad) where total viable counts were 14,100cfu per gm. Total volatile nitrogen values increased slowly attaining a value of 101.02mgN per 100gm for unirradiated T. ilisha during refrigerated storage, whereas for irradiated fish, lower values of 71.13, 59.33 and 47.03mgN per 100gm muscle were recorded. Sensory evaluation showed a good correlation with bacterial populations on the basis of overall acceptability scores.

Studies on induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in hapa pens

Induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus was conducted monthly in hapa pens, set up in Otamiri river for nineteen months (June 1993 - December 1994). Results of natural fertilization were unsatisfactory as few eggs were fertilized. Mean relative fecundity, percentage fertilization, percentage hatching and percentage fry survival were: 15.86 ± 1.95 x 10', 18.92 ± 5.28%, 13.50 ± 3.8% and 6.42 ± 0.72%. Results from artificial fertilization were as follows: Mean relative fecundity, 13.80 ± 2.85 x 10', percentage fertilization, 81.91 ± 2.28%, percentage hatching, 86.10 ± 2.46% and percentage fry survival, 21.40 ± 1.89% respectively. The success of artificial fertilization depended largely on the latency period of 9-11 hours and this suggests that induced breeding in pens is feasible. The poor results from natural fertilization were attributed to lack of adequate substrate for the male fish to display courtship and subsequent fertilization of eggs.

Revised diagnosis of the genus Bangana Hamilton, 1822 (Pisces : Cyprinidae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the Chinese species

Most morphological characters diagnostic of the 13 Chinese species of the cyprinid genus Sinilabeo Rendahl, 1932, are identical to those of the genus Bangana Hamilton, 1822. Consequently, these 13 species are transferred to Bangana. A revised diagnosis is provided for the now-expanded genus Bangana, and a dichotomous key and taxonomic and nomenclatural notes are included for the following valid Chinese species: B. decora, B. dero, B. devdevi, B. discognathoides, B. lemassoni, B. lippa, B. rendahli, B. tonkinensis, B. tungting, B. wui, B. xanthogenys, B. yunnanensis, and B. zhui. Literature reports, by Chinese authors, of Sinilabeo dero from the upper Irrawady River basin, in Yunnan, are based on misidentifcations of B. devdevi. Sinilabeo cirrhinoides Wu and Lin in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen and He, 1977, and S. laticeps Wu and Lin in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen and He, 1977, are junior subjective synonyms of B. devdevi and B. lippa, respectively. Sinilabeo yunnanensis Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen and He, 1977, is an available name, and a lectotype is designated for the species. Bangana zhui ( Zheng and Chen, 1983) is a valid species distinct from B. yunnanensis.