Proposal and validation of methodologies for the categorisation of continuous variables in the development of prediction models

158 p.

Relationship between abundance of juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) and environmental variables documented off northern California and potential mechanisms for the covariation

We estimated annual abundance of juvenile blue (Sebastes mystinus), yellowtail (S. f lavidus), and black (S. melanops) rockfish off northern California over 21 years and evaluated the relationship of abundance to oceanographic variables (sea level anomaly, nearshore temperature, and offshore Ekman transport). Although mean annual abundance was highly variable (0.01−181 fish/minute), trends were similar for the three species. Sea level anomaly and nearshore temperature had the strongest relationship with interannual variation in rockfish abundance, and offshore Ekman transport did not correlate with abundance. Oceanographic events occurring in February and March (i.e., during the larval stage) had the strongest relationship with juvenile abundance, which indicates that year-class strength is determined during the larval stage. Also of note, the annual abundance of juvenile yellowtail rockfish was positively correlated with year-class strength of adult yellowtail rockfish; this finding would indicate the importance of studying juvenile abundance surveys for management purposes.

Effects of an emotional intelligence program in variables related to the prevention of violence

In recent decades, numerous studies have shown a significant increase in violence during childhood and adolescence. These data suggest the importance of implementing programs to prevent and reduce violent behavior. The study aimed to design a program of emotional intelligence (El) for adolescents and to assess its effects on variables related to violence prevention. The possible differential effect of the program on both genders was also examined. The sample comprised 148 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years. The study used an experimental design with repeated pretest-posttest measures and control groups. To measure the variables, four assessment instruments were administered before and after the program, as well as in the follow-up phase (1 year after the conclusion of the intervention). The program consisted of 20 one-hour sessions. The pretest-posttest ANCOVAs showed that the program significantly increased: (1) El (attention, clarity, emotional repair); (2) assertive cognitive social interaction strategies; (3) internal control of anger; and (4) the cognitive ability to analyze negative feelings. In the follow-up phase, the positive effects of the intervention were generally maintained and, moreover, the use of aggressive strategies as an interpersonal conflict-resolution technique was significantly reduced. Regarding the effect of the program on both genders, the change was very similar, but the boys increased assertive social interaction strategies, attention, and emotional clarity significantly more than the girls. The importance of implementing programs to promote socio-emotional development and prevent violence is discussed.

Quantificação e avaliação da biodisponibilidade de metais em sedimentos na Baía da Ribeira RJ

A toxicidade dos metais em ambientes aquáticos está relacionada à sua biodisponibilidade e esta, por sua vez, pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores. As características do sedimento fazem dele um importante compartimento para avaliação do nível de contaminação no ambiente aquático. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo quantificar e avaliar a biodisponibilidade de metais em sedimentos da baía da Ribeira. Nessa região, encontram-se os bairros mais populosos de Angra dos Reis RJ. Essa baía está localizada na parte nordeste da baía da Ilha Grande, que consiste de um espaço pesqueiro, turístico e de importante valor econômico e industrial. Foram coletados 12 sedimentos na baía da Ribeira e determinados os teores dos metais Al, Cu, Cd , Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn, através da extração com água régia (protocolo BCR-701), e o potencial de toxicidade dos metais Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn pelo método de extração dos sulfetos voláteis em meio ácido e quantificação dos metais extraídos simultaneamente (em inglês Acid Volatile Sulfide and Simultaneously Extracted Metal, AVS/SEM). Também foram efetuadas medidas de pH, potencial redox (Eh), carbono orgânico, fósforo total e granulometria. Através desses dados, foi possível estudar correlações entre essas variáveis. As concentrações de cada metal são similares nas diferentes localizações dos sedimentos e não apresentam significativas diferenças com relação a estudos reportados para a área, com exceção do Pb que apresentou a mais alta concentração já reportada. Os valores de SEM/AVS (entre 0,02 e 0,2) menores que 1, indicam que há quantidade de sulfetos suficiente para o aprisionamento dos metais investigados. As correlações obtidas através da Análise dos Componentes Principais demonstram relação direta entre as concentrações da maioria dos metais extraídos por água-régia (Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn); entre os metais Mn, Pb, Al e o fósforo total; entre os teores de matéria orgânica, carbono orgânico total, fósforo total com as frações finas de silte e argila com o Eh. Os resultados sugerem que a região não sofre influência significativa de fontes antrópicas em relação a metais e que, segundo o AVS/SEM, esses se encontram pouco disponíveis para o ambiente e, portanto, apresentam baixo potencial tóxico