ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL DE LOS BOSQUES NATIVOS EN CORRIENTES

El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación “Transformaciones territoriales y problemas ambientales en la zona de los Esteros del Iberá. Aportes hacia una propuesta de ordenamiento ambiental del territorio”, con sede en la FaHCE – UNLP, Argentina. Constituye un avance parcial cuyo objetivo es analizar las principales implicancias territoriales de la Ley Nacional 26.331/07 de “Presupuestos mínimos de protección ambiental de los bosques nativos” a partir de su implementación en Corrientes. En el contexto de la situación actual de los bosques nativos en la Provincia y con especial énfasis en el área de estudio, se identifican y caracterizan los principales actores sociales y procesos involucrados en las transformaciones territoriales. Se consultan documentos constituidos en estudios de base para el ordenamiento territorial propuesto, normativa vigente, periódicos locales y provinciales, y otras fuentes cartográficas y estadísticas. Entre las variables consideradas se destacan las actividades económicas y usos del suelo, distribución de tierras forestales y de bosques, proyectos y propuestas en curso. Se contribuye al debate en torno a la Ley 23.331/07, reconociendo alcances y limitaciones en la implementación provincial a partir del caso analizado y se aporta al conocimiento de la situación actual de conservación de los bosques nativos.

EL CIUDADANO TERRITORIAL, PROPÓSITO DE LA EDUCACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA

El planteamiento sobre el ciudadano territorial: propósito de la educación geográfica, emerge del interés temático en la ciudadanía vigente en la línea de investigación en Planeación, ciudadanía y territorio del grupo de investigación Medio Ambiente y Sociedad-MASO de la Universidad de Antioquia-Colombia y se concreta, entre otras, en la investigación de tesis doctoral en Educación denominada: Formación ciudadana en perspectiva de los estudios del territorio como estrategia pedagógica. Caso: PUI-NOR Medellín, Colombia, la cual tiene como propósito eje, fundamentar la formación ciudadana en la educación básica y media del sector oficial colombiano, a partir de la inclusión del potencial pedagógico proveniente de los estudios del territorio. El aspecto teórico del que nos ocupamos, es la constitución del ciudadano territorial como base de la ciudadanía orientada a contribuir con el fortalecimiento del proyecto político democrático. Al efecto, se parte de aceptar que no se cuenta con el ciudadano requerido para afianzar la democracia; que como éste no nace, sino que se hace, es necesario formarlo en contexto, de manera consciente e intencionada para que, ligado al territorio que habita, construye y semantiza, pueda desplegar junto a otros, una ciudadanía renovada orientada al respeto por la diferencia, al reconocimiento de la pluralidad, a la construcción de convivencia y, consecuentemente, a aportar en la consolidación de la democracia. La finalidad es contribuir a la educación geográfica en América Latina haciendo visibles y argumentando las posibilidades que otorga la formación ciudadana basada en la teoría de los procesos conscientes, en perspectiva de los estudios del territorio soportados en el enfoque de la geografía crítica, para constituir el ciudadano territorial que ha de potenciar la democracia, desde el ejercicio de su ciudadanía. La relación teórica entre estudios del territorio y formación ciudadana, desde los procesos conscientes y la geografía crítica para constituir el ciudadano territorial anhelado, es el aporte que se hace a la enseñanza de la geografía y de las ciencias sociales, motivación del eje temático sobre enseñanza y aprendizaje de la geografía, en el XIII EGAL, Costa Rica, 2011.

A FORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL DO MARANHÃO, TRANSFORMAÇÕES ESPACIAIS E TERRITORIAIS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CENTRO ESPACIAL DE ALCÂNTARA.

No início da década de 1980, o governo federal brasileiro decide implantar no município de Alcântara, Estado do Maranhão, leste da Amazônia brasileira, um centro de alta tecnologia de lançamento de foguetes o qual objetivava colocar em órbita satélites, o que seria um dos maiores e ambiciosos projetos científicos do país. Contudo, para viabilização do projeto seria necessário realizar a desterritorialização de milhares de pessoas, essencialmente comunidades quilombolas e tradicionais, as quais ocupavam uma área aproximadamente de 52.000 hectares, havia cerca de 300 anos. A finalidade deste estudo é identificar e analisar os impactos da implantação do centro de lançamento na época e dias atuais, as transformações espaciais e territoriais imediatas ao início da efetivação do projeto, os conflitos políticos entre as populações e Estado, quais as conseqüências diretas das ações de implantação da base de lançamento à população atingida. Outro objetivo refere-se à compreensão da formação histórico-territorial do Estado do Maranhão e de Alcântara para entender as relações sociais e o território à época. Para efetivação desse estudo foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, documentais e de imagens. A principal contribuição que este artigo busca se refere à abordagem geográfica desse caso bastante relevante que, todavia, não recebeu a devida atenção haja vista a enorme carência de estudos e pesquisas geográficas acerca do tema.  

DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL E MODERNIZAÇÃO INDUSTRIAL: UMA LEITURA SOBRE O SERTÃO BRASILEIRO

O texto tem por objetivo explicar o desenvolvimento territorial brasileiro, analisando a modernização industrial em áreas do sertão. O trabalho levanta hipóteses explicativas sobre a industrialização e o papel do Estado, enquanto mentor e executor dos planos econômicos,  refletindo sobre a sua importância   em determinar a  estrutura da economia espacial. A despeito da relevância desta discussão não há estudos específicos realizados sobre a temática no espaço delimitado para análise. Para responder as questões, realizou-se revisão de literatura, visando o aprofundamento do debate teórico-conceitual, em seguida fez-se o levantamento de dados demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A pesquisa buscou subsídios sobre a formação territorial, e as informações referentes à modernização industrial foram  coletadas no Centro das Indústrias de Feira de Santana (CIFS). O estudo está alicerçado na abordagem crítica, permitindo a leitura sobre a totalidade da produção econômica do espaço territorial brasileiro/latino-americano. Conclui-se que a modernização industrial no sertão brasileiro produz um desenvolvimento territorial tendo por base a ampliação tecnológica.

PROPUESTA DE ZONIFICACIÓN TURÍSTICA COMO MODELO DE PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL PARA COMUNIDADES DEL GOLFO DE NICOYA

El proyecto “Diseño de productos y rutas turísticas alternativas para el mejoramiento del nivel de vida de las comunidades locales: el caso del Golfo de Nicoya” tiene como propósitos: la elaboración de un diagnóstico del sistema turístico de las comunidades involucradas, la evaluación del potencial turístico de los recursos y atractivos identificados en las comunidades, el diseño de productos y rutas turísticas, y la realización de una zonificación turística en las áreas de estudio. El presente artículo se centra en la zonificación turística de las comunidades metas, debido a que las variables anteriormente mencionadas son la base para su elaboración. La zonificación toma en cuenta los aspectos que condicionan los procesos de transformación y articulación del turismo en el territorio, desde el papel de los recursos naturales para la implantación turística y la influencia de la estructura territorial y socioeconómica sobre la que se organiza el turismo. Esta permite un mejor análisis del espacio geográfico y diseño de propuestas de desarrollo. En este caso, se identifican elementos homogeneizadores del espacio turístico a partir del diagnóstico de las comunidades, entre ellos se encuentran: la geomorfología, uso del suelo, tipología de recurso y atractivo turístico, la oferta y la demanda turística, entre otros. ABSTRACT The purpose of the project, “Design of Products and Tourist Route Alternatives for Improving the Standard of Living of Local Communities: The Case of the Gulf of Nicoya”, is to diagnose the system of tourism in the communities involved, evaluate the tourist potential of the resources and attractions of the communities, design products and tour routes, and establish tourist zones in the areas of study. This article focuses on the community goals of the tourist zones since the above-mentioned variables are the basis for their development. The zoning takes into account the aspects that condition the process of transforming an area into a tourist zone, from the role natural resources play in establishing tourism to the influence of socioeconomic and territorial structures. This allows a better analysis of the geographic space and design of development proposals. In this case, homogenous elements of the tourist space are identified from diagnosis of the communities, including the geomorphology, land use, typology of resource and tourist attractions, tourist supply and demand and other factors.

Encephalization And Diversification Of The Cranial Base In Platyrrhine Primates.

The cranial base, composed of the midline and lateral basicranium, is a structurally important region of the skull associated with several key traits, which has been extensively studied in anthropology and primatology. In particular, most studies have focused on the association between midline cranial base flexion and relative brain size, or encephalization. However, variation in lateral basicranial morphology has been studied less thoroughly. Platyrrhines are a group of primates that experienced a major evolutionary radiation accompanied by extensive morphological diversification in Central and South America over a large temporal scale. Previous studies have also suggested that they underwent several evolutionarily independent processes of encephalization. Given these characteristics, platyrrhines present an excellent opportunity to study, on a large phylogenetic scale, the morphological correlates of primate diversification in brain size. In this study we explore the pattern of variation in basicranial morphology and its relationship with phylogenetic branching and with encephalization in platyrrhines. We quantify variation in the 3D shape of the midline and lateral basicranium and endocranial volumes in a large sample of platyrrhine species, employing high-resolution CT-scans and geometric morphometric techniques. We investigate the relationship between basicranial shape and encephalization using phylogenetic regression methods and calculate a measure of phylogenetic signal in the datasets. The results showed that phylogenetic structure is the most important dimension for understanding platyrrhine cranial base diversification; only Aotus species do not show concordance with our molecular phylogeny. Encephalization was only correlated with midline basicranial flexion, and species that exhibit convergence in their relative brain size do not display convergence in lateral basicranial shape. The evolution of basicranial variation in primates is probably more complex than previously believed, and understanding it will require further studies exploring the complex interactions between encephalization, brain shape, cranial base morphology, and ecological dimensions acting along the species divergence process.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método espectrofotométrico para determinação de corante à base de luteína adicionado em iogurte desnatado

A simple analytical method for extraction and quantification of lutein colorant added to yogurt was developed and validated. The method allowed complete extraction of carotenoids using tetrahydrofuran in vortex, followed by centrifugation, partition to diethyl ether/petroleum ether, and drying. The carotenoids dissolved in ethanol were quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. This method showed linearity in the range tested (1.41-13.42 µg g-1), limits of detection and quantification of 0.42 and 1.28 µg g-1, respectively, low relative standard deviation (3.4%) and recovery ranging from 95 to 103%. The method proved reliable for quantification of lutein added to yogurt.

Projeto de um cortador de base para colhedora de cana-de-açúcar utilizando otimização matemática

A base-cutter represented for a mechanism of four bars, was developed using the Autocad program. The normal force of reaction of the profile in the contact point was determined through the dynamic analysis. The equations of dynamic balance were based on the laws of Newton-Euler. The linkage was subject to an optimization technique that considered the peak value of soil reaction force as the objective function to be minimized while the link lengths and the spring constant varied through a specified range. The Algorithm of Sequential Quadratic Programming-SQP was implemented of the program computational Matlab. Results were very encouraging; the maximum value of the normal reaction force was reduced from 4,250.33 to 237.13 N, making the floating process much less disturbing to the soil and the sugarcane rate. Later, others variables had been incorporated the mechanism optimized and new otimization process was implemented .

Simulação da varredura da superfície por um cortador de base segmentado

Base cutting and feeding into harvesters of plants lying close to the ground surface require an efficient sweeping action of the cutting mechanism. It is not the case of conventional sugarcane harvesters which have rigid blades mounted on discs capable to contaminate the cane with dirt as well as damage the ratoons. The objective of this work was to simulate the sweeping performance of a segmented base cutter. The model was developed using the laws of dynamic. Simulation included two rotational speeds (400 and 600 rpm), two cutting heights (0.12 and 0.13 m) and two disk tilting angles (-10º and -12º). The simulated sweeping angle varied between 56º and 193º, which are very promising as a mean to cutting and feeding cane sticks lying on the ground. Cutting height was the variable that affected sweeping action the most. This behavior indicates the need to have an automatic control of the cutting disk height in order to keep good sweeping performance as the harvester moves forward.

Caracterização física e mecânica de argamassas à base de cimento Portland e cinza de casca de arroz residual

Rice husk, employed as an energy source at milling industries in Brazil generates, after burning, a dark ash. This residue is not yet conveniently disposed, being currently dumped on large areas, causing environmental problems. This research intended to evaluate the applications of residual rice husk ashes (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement for mortar production. Rice husk ash was chemically characterized through X-ray fluorescence, determination of carbon content, X-ray diffraction, and laser granulometric analysis. Mortar specimens were submitted to two different exposure conditions: internal and external environments at a maximum period of five months. Physical-mechanical testing were compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Although presenting good mechanical performance, the mortar based on ash (RHA) did not present pozolanicity but it can be employed in cement matrices as inert material (filler).

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Calcificações dos gânglios da base na infância

We report the study of four children with bilateral basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) visualized on CT scan. Epilepsy was the clinical manifestation of three patients whose laboratory investigation revealed abnormal calcium metabolism. The first aim of this paper is to call attention to a treatable entity that can cause epileptic syndromes in infancy and childhood. The second purpose is to review the literature comparing with our fourth child who presented encephalopathy with BGC.

Desempenho e estado ácido-base sanguíneo em corredores de 10 km submetidos a corridas em diferentes intensidades contantes

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Atividade diaria e (in)atividade fisica na sociedade indigena Terena : Aldeias Buriti e Corrego do Meio

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Basquetebol masculino paulista : apropriação das caracteristicas do esporte profissional na estrutura organizacional das categorias de base

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física