Calor específico e densidade da polpa de cajá (Spondias lutea L.) com diferentes concentrações de sólidos solúveis sob baixas temperaturas

A polpa de cajá tem sido exportada da região Nordeste para todo o Brasil, e uma das maneiras de conservá-la é processando-a e armazenado-a na forma congelada. Durante o processamento, existem dois fatores que favorecem a qualidade do produto a ser armazenado: a rapidez com que o produto é congelado e a adição de açúcar como forma de dificultar a ação microbiológica. Na linha de processo, algumas propriedades termofísicas, como o calor específico e a densidade, se alteram com as temperaturas negativas e com o teor de sólidos solúveis totais; dessa forma, para o dimensionamento adequado de máquinas e equipamentos, torna-se necessário conhecer essas propriedades, principalmente quando se operam equipamentos criogênicos, onde as temperaturas podem chegar a -196 ºC. Neste trabalho, determinaram-se a densidade e o calor específico da polpa do cajá com quatro diferentes níveis de sólidos solúveis totais (natural da polpa; 20; 40 e 60%) e temperaturas entre -196 ºC e -18 ºC. A densidade foi obtida pela razão entre a massa da polpa e o seu volume. O volume foi determinado pelo método do deslocamento de massa (água) e o calor específico por meio de balanço de calor entre a massa da polpa, a massa do cilindro que contém a polpa e a massa do gelo. Conclui-se que a densidade da polpa de cajá aumenta em função da redução da temperatura e do aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis totais de 9 para 60 °Brix e que o calor específico da polpa diminui com a diminuição de temperatura e aumenta com a concentração de sólidos solúveis totais.

Germinação de sementes de Dyckia tuberosa (Vell.) Beer (Bromeliaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas em luz e escuro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção e qualidade de raiz tuberosa de cultivares de batata-doce no Oeste do Paraná

The objective of this work was to evaluate sweet potato cultivars with starch processing capability, on two cultivation periods, in the western region of Parana (Brazil). Sweet potato was grown at Marechal Candido Rondon, Parana State (24 degrees 33'40 '' S and 54 degrees 4'12 '' W), at a mean annual temperature between 14 and 28 degrees C. The experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme of 4 cultivars (CNPH 003, CNPH 004, Brazlandia Roxa, and Brazlandia Rosada) and 2 cultivation periods (115 and 183 days), with four repetitions. The evaluated parameters were the root productivities (t ha(-1)) and the physical and chemical root composition (humidity, pH, acidity, starch, total soluble sugars and fibers). Data was submitted to all analysis of variance (Anova) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability, Results indicated that sweet potato yield at the cultivars was higher during the 183 day cultivation period (average of 9.14 t ha(-1)) than during the 115 day cultivation period (average of 4.25 t ha(-1)). Thus the CNPH 003 cultivar seems to be a better indication for starch extraction, due to the lowest fiber content in the root, the driest mass content and the largest yield of starch per area.

Influence of temperature and concentration on thermophysical properties of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin, L.)

Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and density of yellow mombin juice were determined at 8.8-49.4 °Brix and at temperature from 0.4 to 77.1 °C. Apparent viscosity was also measured between 7.8 and 30 °Brix and at temperature from 0 to 60 °C. Yellow mombin juice was produced from fruits of two different batches and the concentration process was performed using a roto evaporator or a rising film evaporator, single effect, with recirculation, under vacuum, to obtain concentrated juice. In order to obtain different concentrations, concentrated juice was diluted with distilled water. Multiple regression analysis was performed to fit thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and density experimental data obtaining a good fit. Arrhenius and power law relationships were proposed to fit apparent viscosity as a function of temperature and juice concentration at typical shear rates found during processing. The rheological parameters together with experimental values of pressure loss in tube flow were used to calculate friction factors, which were compared to those resulting from theoretical equation.

Toxicidade de Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) em operárias de Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Conservação de sementes de taperebá (Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Ecologia da polinização de taperebá (Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae) em área de floresta secundária no município de Santo Antônio do Tauá, Pará, Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o sistema de polinização de Spondias mombin L., obtendo dados sobre a, sistema reprodutivo e os visitantes florais. Spondias mombin floresceu durante a estação seca e produziu frutos maduros na estação chuvosa. É uma espécie andromonóica, produzindo flores hermafroditas e masculinas, com números e viabilidades polínicas semelhantes. A análise da razão pólen/óvulo revelou que é uma espécie que se enquadra no tipo de sistema reprodutivo xenogâmico, necessitando da polinização cruzada realizada, neste caso, pelos insetos. Spondias mombin foi visitada por uma variedade de insetos de pequeno porte e generalistas como abelhas, moscas, vespas e besouros. As abelhas Apis mellifera Linneu, 1758, Tetragona goettei (Friese, 1900) e Trigona hyalinata (Lepeletier, 1836) apresentaram maior freqüência e, seu comportamento, tocando as partes reprodutivas das flores, sugere que são os principais polinizadores desta espécie vegetal. Além disso, a análise do pólen coletado pelos principais polinizadores demonstrou a fidelidade destes ao taperebá e o grande poder de recrutamento desta espécie.

Caracterização de extratos de cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis Parkinson) potencialmente ativos e seguros para obtenção de fitocosmético antioxidante

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

The Use of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) to Assess the Quality and Stability of Fruit Products: An Example Using Red Mombin Pulp (Spondias purpurea L.)

The present study aimed to evaluate the volatiles profile of red mombin (Spondias purpurea) pulp and its powder produced by spray-drying (SD) as an example to show utility of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in the analysis of parameters such as the quality and stability of fruit products. Volatiles profiles of the pulp were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and compared to the profile of the powder stored at 0, 60 and 120 days in plastic (PP) or laminated packages (LP). The results showed that the technique was able to identify 36 compounds in the red mombin pulp, 17 out of which have been described for the first time in this fruit, showing that red mombin fresh pulp appears to be unique in terms of volatiles composition. However, only 24 compounds were detected in the powder. This decrease is highly correlated (r(2) = 0.99), at least for the majority of compounds, to the degree of volatility of compounds. Furthermore, the powder stored in PP or LP showed no statistical differences in the amounts of its components for a period of 120 days of storage. Finally, this work shows how HS-SPME analysis can be a valuable tool to assess the quality and stability of fruit products.

Leishmanicidal activity in vitro of Musa paradisiaca L. and Spondias mombin L. fractions

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease characterized by infection of mononuclear phagocytes by Leishmania chagasi. The primary vector is Lutzomyia longipalpis and the dog is the main domestic reservoir. The control and current treatment of dogs using synthetic drugs have not shown effectiveness in reducing the incidence of disease in man. In attempt to find new compounds with leishmanicidal action, plant secondary metabolites have been studied in search of treatments of VL. This study aimed to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of Musa paradisiaca (banana tree) and Spondias mombin (cajazeira) chemical constituents on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. chagasi. Phytochemical analysis by column chromatography was performed on ethanol extracts of two plants and fractions were isolated. Thin layer chromatography was used to compare the fractions and for isolation the substances to be used in vitro tests. The in vitro tests on promastigotes of L chagasi used the MTT colorimetric method and the method of ELISA in situ was used against amastigotes besides the cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Of the eight fractions tested, Sm1 and Sm2 from S. mombin had no action against promastigotes, but had good activity against amastigotes. The fractions Mp1 e Mp4 of M. paradisiaca were very cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. The best result was obtained with the fraction Sm3 from S. mombin with IC50 of 11.26 mu g/ml against promastigotes and amastigotes of 0.27 mu g/ml. The fraction Sm3 characterized as tannic acid showed the best results against both forms of Leishmania being a good candidate for evaluation in in vivo tests. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Ordenanças del Co[n]seio Real de su Magestad y los ara[n]zeles q[ue] han d[e] guardar los relatores, escriuanos d[e] camara, escriuanos d[e]l crime[n], escriuanos d[e] prouincia, alguaziles [et] alguaziles del ca[m]po, porteros y emplazadores ...

Imp. tomado del colofón

Prematica, en que se prohibe el arrendarse los oficios de escriuanos de camara, y procuradorias, recetorias, y escriuanias del numero, y que à los tales oficios no sean admitidos al vso dellos, sino constare tener de propia hazienda y patrimonio ...

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N.S. del Puche, Camara angelical de Maria Santissima. Patrona de la insigne Ciudad, y Reyno de Valencia. Monasterio Real del Orden de Redentores de Nuestra S. de la Mfrced [sic]. Fundacion de los Reyes de Aragon

Tabla

Instruccion que deveran observar y guardar los corregidores, sus thenientes, Alcaldes Mayores, Juecesy y Justicias de las Ciudades, Villas, y Lugares de este Reyno de Valencia, en la exaccion, beneficio y cobranza de las penas de Camara y gastos de justicia, pertenecientes al Real Consejo...

TIt. tomado del comienzo del texto