848 resultados para Sistemas de Información Geográfica


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El empleo de las Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) ha ido ganando terreno poco a poco, durante los últimos años, en la realización de la Encuesta de Infraestructura y Equipamientos Locales (EIEL). La transposición de la directiva europea 2007/02/EC para establecer una Infraestructura de Información Espacial en la Comunidad Europea (INSPIRE) ha hecho que las administraciones, tanto locales como estatales, busquen mecanismos para la publicación de los datos geográficos y en el caso de la EIEL no es una excepción. El auge de las nuevas tecnologías han hecho que poco a poco Internet esté presente cada vez más en nuestras vidas, convirtiéndose probablemente en el medio más utilizado y más ágil para la comunicación. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, consolidados ya en el escritorio, han ido también, de forma paulatina incorporándose a la nube, ofreciendo casi las mismas ventajas al almacenar, editar y compartir información. Las tecnología actuales más potentes están además, muchas de ellas, basadas en el Software Libre y evolucionan de forma extremadamente rápida. Pero, ¿es realmente necesaria siempre toda esta tecnología? ¿es necesario que los Sistemas de Información Geográfica abandonen por completo el escritorio para mudarse a la web? A través del análisis de los Geoportales que varias administraciones han creado para divulgar y compartir los datos obtenidos en la EIEL, en este documento se intentará dar respuesta a estas preguntas basándose en indicadores objetivos sobre la aplicación actual que se está haciendo de estas tecnologías

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El sistema de información geográfica del Ayuntamiento de Bétera nace con la necesidad de obtener una cartografía única y accesible a técnicos ubicados en distintos departamentos o edificios, ciudadanos, empresas y administraciones públicas

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Since centuries ago, the Asians use seaweed as an important source of feeding and are their greatest world-wide consumers. The migration of these peoples for other countries, made the demand for seaweed to increase. This increasing demand prompted an industry with annual values of around US$ 6 billion. The algal biomass used for the industry is collected in natural reservoirs or cultivated. The market necessity for products of the seaweed base promotes an unsustainable exploration of the natural banks, compromising its associated biological balance. In this context, seaweed culture appears as a viable alternative to prevent the depletion of these natural supplies. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide space and produce information that can facilitate the evaluation of important physical and socio-economic characteristics for the planning of seaweed culture. This objective of this study is to identify potential coastal areas for seaweed culture in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the integration of social-environmental data in the SIG. In order to achieve this objective, a geo-referred database composed of geographical maps, nautical maps and orbital digital images was assembled; and a bank of attributes including physical and oceanographical variables (winds, chains, bathymetry, operational distance from the culture) and social and environmental factors (main income, experience with seaweed harvesting, demographic density, proximity of the sheltered coast and distance of the banks) was produced. In the modeling of the data, the integration of the space database with the bank of attributes for the attainment of the map of potentiality of seaweed culture was carried out. Of a total of 2,011 ha analyzed by the GIS for the culture of seaweed, around 34% or 682 ha were indicated as high potential, 55% or 1,101 ha as medium potential, and 11% or 228 ha as low potential. The good indices of potentiality obtained in the localities studied demonstrate that there are adequate conditions for the installation of seaweed culture in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

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This work demonstrates the importance of using tools used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data analysis (SDA) for the study of infectious diseases. Analysis methods were used to describe more fully the spatial distribution of a particular disease by incorporating the geographical element in the analysis. In Chapter 1, we report the historical evolution of these techniques in the field of human health and use Hansen s disease (leprosy) in Rio Grande do Norte as an example. In Chapter 2, we introduced a few basic theoretical concepts on the methodology and classified the types of spatial data commonly treated. Chapters 3 and 4 defined and demonstrated the use of the two most important techniques for analysis of health data, which are data point processes and data area. We modelled the case distribution of Hansen s disease in the city of Mossoró - RN. In the analysis, we used R scripts and made available routines and analitical procedures developed by the author. This approach can be easily used by researchers in several areas. As practical results, major risk areas in Mossoró leprosy were detected, and its association with the socioeconomic profile of the population at risk was found. Moreover, it is clearly shown that his approach could be of great help to be used continuously in data analysis and processing, allowing the development of new strategies to work might increase the use of such techniques in data analysis in health care

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Proporciona un diagnóstico de la situación de los sistemas de información para la atención materno-infantil y planificación familiar en 9 países de la región, en donde las tasas de prevalencia anticonceptiva alcanzan al 50 por ciento o menos, a saber, Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, Paraguay, República Dominicana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Dominica y Granada.

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