995 resultados para Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Usos e costumes 1888-1906


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Esse artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada na regio amaznica, a qual tem por objetivo estudar a valorizao de frutas tropicais pela agricultura familiar, e dentre estes apresenta o aa (Euterpea oleracea mart.), um fruto de alto consumo na regio norte do pas, principalmente no Estado do Par, que o maior produtor e consumidor dessa fruta no Brasil. Indica formas de melhor apropriao por parte dos agricultores na venda de sua produo. Sugere a agregao de valor a esse fruto, atravs de um processo de beneficiamento a ser desenvolvido a partir de uma cooperativa de agricultores organizados. Desenvolve a anlise a partir da expanso do uso do suco desse fruto em outras regies do Brasil, especificamente na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a qual j vem apresentando aumento significativo de consumo nos ltimos seis anos.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)

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Objective: To describe the epidemiological aspects of childhood tuberculosis (TB) in a Brazilian reference hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study (1999-2008) of 473 subjects (0-14 year olds) with confirmed TB, or with clinical improvement by the fourth month of treatment under the unit's care, including the review of medical records, monitoring reports and notifications by the TB unit. Results: Among 473 TB cases included in the study, positive tuberculin skin test was observed in 52%, history of contact with a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in 66%, mostly intra-household, and with the father/stepfather most commonly involved; and disseminated TB in 22%. The result of HIV testing was obtained in 265 (56%) cases, being positive in 45 (17%). The diagnosis of TB was confirmed in 31% of cases, most frequently in children older than 5 years, with negative tuberculin skin test, and in disseminated forms. Of the 65 cultures positive for TB performed in the study, drug sensitivity testing to anti-TB drugs was done in 30 (46%) clinical samples, among which 10 (33%) were resistant to one or more anti-TB drugs, and 2 (0.8%) were multi-drug-resistant. Among patients with confirmed pulmonary TB, 31% did not meet the criteria for starting anti-TB treatment according to the scores of the Ministry of Health (<= 25 points). Conclusion: The high proportion of drug-resistant TB and co-infection with HIV identified in this study highlight the necessity to carry out additional studies in order to evaluate the impact of TB control activities on childhood TB.

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Cryptococcosis has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Aids. Many reservoirs of the agent Cryptococcus neoformans have been reported, but the ecology of this yeast must be elucidated in order to establish surveillance programs and to prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. neoformans in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil. Ten churches were selected for sampling and detection of the yeast collecting pigeon dropping, air samples from church towers and neighboring areas during one year. The data demonstrated that C. neoformans has been present in every church selected and was present in 37.8% of 219 pigeon dropping samples. As well as, the yeast was isolated from soil, insects, eggs, pigeon nests and feathers. Fifteen air samples (4.9%) were positive. The growth on C.G.B. medium showed that all strains belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans, with 98.8% of the strains belonging to serotype A.

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Entre os diferentes tipos de organismos da macrofauna do solo, distribudos em diversos tipos de habitats, com variados hbitos alimentares e ciclos de vida, alguns so capazes de responder rapidamente s alteraes ambientais e, por isso, considerados bons indicadores do funcionamento dos ecossistemas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos seguintes estdios sucessionais de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana do domnio ecolgico da Mata Atlntica: floresta secundria estdio inicial (FSEI), floresta secundria estdio mdio (FSEM), floresta secundria estdio avanado (FSEA) e uma rea de pasto misto manejado (PMM) sobre a densidade, diversidade e composio da comunidade da macrofauna edfica em duas pocas do ano, no municpio de Pinheiral (RJ). Para amostragem da macrofauna, foram retiradas oito amostras da serapilheira e da camada superficial (0-10 cm) do solo pelo mtodo recomendado pelo programa Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF), com adaptaes. Predominaram Isoptera, Formicidae e Oligochaeta em FSEI, FSEM e FSEA e Formicidae e Oligochaeta em PMM. No houve diferena significativa na densidade da macrofauna edfica entre as reas. Os maiores valores dos estimadores de diversidade utilizados (equabilidade de Pielou, riqueza total e mdia) foram encontrados em FSEA. Os valores de riqueza total mostraram aumento gradual de acordo com o estdio de sucesso, desde PMM at FSEI. Constatou-se maior nmero de indivduos no solo do que na serapilheira em todas as reas de floresta, nas duas pocas. Pela anlise de componentes principais (ACP) realizada para os perodos seco e chuvoso, foi possvel identificar maiores diferenas na composio das comunidades entre os estdios sucessionais para o perodo chuvoso. Nesta poca, os estdios FSEM e FSEA estiveram associados a uma maior diversidade de invertebrados saprfagos e predadores do que PMM e FSEI, demonstrando influncia do processo sucessional sobre a comunidade da macrofauna do solo.

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As pequenas empresas desempenham um papel fundamental no sistema produtivo brasileiro, principalmente no que diz respeito a gerao de postos de trabalhos. Ciente desta importncia, o governo brasileiro vem buscando h trs dcadas dinamizar este segmento atravs de polticas de incentivo, como acesso ao crdito e programas de capacitao. A prova mais tangvel desta preocupao foi a formatao do SEBRAE - Servio Brasileiro de Apoio s Micro e Pequenas Empresas e dos SEBRAEs regionais, em 1990, que concentrou, de certa forma, todas as decises do poder pblico e da iniciativa privada para os pequenos empreendimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho estudar a atuao do SEBRAE/RJ no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade da dcada de noventa, quando a instituio adotou uma estratgia que priorizou a capilaridade da rede de atendimento e a massificao de informaes, que resultou numa atuao totalmente diferenciada do SEBRAE/RJ, se comparada com os demais SEBRAEs regionais. No obstante as limitaes identificadas, esta experincia pode ser discutida por seu carter inovador e diferenciada, principalmente considerando a dimenso e importncia dos pequenos empreendimentos para a economia do estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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Different forms of human pressure may occur in the pipeline ranges, due to the large extensions and various configurations of land use, which can pass through the pipelines. Due to the dynamics of these pressures, it is necessary to monitor temporal changes of land use and cover the surface. Under this theme, appears as extremely important to use products and techniques of remote sensing, as they allow the identification of objects of the land surface that may compromise the security and monitoring of the pipeline, and allows the extraction of information conditions on land use at different periods of time. Based on the above, this paper aims to examine in a temporal approach, the process of urban expansion in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as settlement patterns characteristic of areas that the changes occurred in the period 1987 to 2010. We used the technique of visual analysis to perform the change detection and the technique of image classification, aimed at monitoring human pressure over a stretch of track pipeline Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The stages of work involved the characterization of the study area, urban sprawl and the existing settlement patterns, through the analysis of bibliographic data. The processing of Landsat 5 images and the application of the technique of change detection were performed in three scenes for the years 1987, 1998 and 2010, while the classification process was performed on the image RapidEye for the year 2010. Can be noted an increase in urban area of approximately 22.38% and the change of land cover from natural to built. This growth is concentrated outside to the area of direct influence of the duct, occurring in the area of indirect influence of the enterprise. Regarding the settlement patterns of growth areas, it was observed that these are predominantly