Metastização no periodonto

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Avaliação anti-inflamatória e antipeçonhenta das espécies Hancornia speciosa e Mimosa tenuiflora em modelos experimentais de inflamação e envenenamento induzidos por Bothrops jararaca e Tityus serrulatus

Accidents caused by venomous animals represents a significant and serious public health problem in certain regions of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world by the frequency with which they occur and the mortality they cause. The use of plant extracts as an antidote for poisoning cases is an ancient practice used in many communities that have no access to antivenom. Medicinal plants represent an important source of obtaining bioactive compounds able to assist directly in the treatment of poisoning or indirectly supplementing serum therapy currently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in the inflammatory process induced by carrageenan and the venom of B. jararaca and T. serrulatus. The results showed that both M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa were capable of inhibiting cell migration and cytokines levels in peritonitis induced by carrageenin and venom of T. serrulatus. In poisoning by B. jararaca model, mice treated with the plants in studies decreased the leukocyte influx into the peritoneal cavity. Finally the M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa had antiphlogistic activity, reducing edema formation and exerted inhibitory action of leukocyte migration in local inflammation induced by the venom of B. jararaca. Through of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was possible identified the presence of flavonoids ,saponins and/or terpenes in aqueous extract of M. tenuiflora. By High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis, it was possible to identify the presence of rutin and chlorogenic acid in aqueous extract of H. speciosa. We conclude that the administration of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of H. speciosa and M. tenuiflora resulted in inhibition of the inflammatory process in different experimental models. This study demonstrates for the first time the effect of M. tenuiflora and H. speciosa in inhibition of the inflammation caused by B. jararaca and T. serrulatus venom.

Desempenho físico em idosos com diferenciados perfis epidemiológicos: análise do estudo IMIAS International Mobility in Aging Study sob a perspectiva do curso da vida e de biomarcadores da inflamação e do estresse

O crescimento demográfico de idosos é um fenômeno mundial e exerce influência sobre o desenvolvimento e funcionamento das sociedades. Fatores sociais, econômicos, ambientais, biológicos e culturais influenciam o processo de envelhecimento, que pode vir acompanhado de contínua perda na capacidade de adaptação do indivíduo ao meio ambiente, de maior vulnerabilidade ao estresse, limitações funcionais e diminuição da qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Todavia, ao longo do curso da vida, o indivíduo vivencia múltiplas exposições adversas à saúde, e o declínio da mobilidade surge como um dos primeiros sinais do envelhecimento, repercutindo na saúde física e mental do indivíduo. Para contribuir com o conhecimento sobre os desfechos relacionados ao envelhecimento e mobilidade, o estudo IMIAS investiga idosos em quatro países com diferentes perfis epidemiológicos. O presente estudo abordou os possíveis fatores associados ao declínio físico em idosos de distintas sociedades, sobre a perspectiva epidemiológica do curso da vida e dos biomarcadores da inflamação e do estresse. Objetivos: 1) Analisar as relações entre as adversidades sociais e econômicas, vivenciadas durante a infância, a fase adulta e a velhice, com o baixo desempenho físico em populações idosas, de diferentes contextos sociais, econômicos e culturais. 2) Verificar a associação entre os níveis elevados da proteína c-reativa (PCR) com o desempenho físico em idosos de diferentes populações. 3) Avaliar se a desregulação nos níveis de cortisol diurno exerce influência sobre o desempenho físico em idosos com distintos perfis epidemiológicos. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da linha de base do IMIAS – Estudo Internacional de Mobilidade no Envelhecimento, composto por 1.995 indivíduos entre 65 e 74 anos de idade, residentes em comunidades de quatro países (Albânia, Brasil, Canadá, Colômbia). O desempenho físico foi avaliado através do Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e da força de preensão manual. As adversidades durante o curso da vida foram estimadas a partir de eventos e exposições sociais, econômicas e culturais ocorridas durante a infância, fase adulta e velhice. Para avaliar o percurso biológico e suas associações com a mobilidade, a proteína c-reativa e o cortisol foram considerados como biomarcadores da inflamação e do estresse, respectivamente. No sentido de responder as questões de investigações, foram conduzidas análises de estatística descritiva, bivariada e multivariada, mediante técnicas de distribuição de frequências, teste qui-quadrado, odds ratio e regressões logística, linear e multinível. Resultados: O desempenho físico foi menor nos participantes que vivem na Colômbia, Brasil e Albânia do que nos que vivem no Canadá, mesmo quando ajustados por idade, sexo e adversidades durante o curso da vida. O baixo nível de desempenho físico (SPPB < 8) foi associado a ter sofrido adversidade social e econômica na infância, ter tido ocupação semiqualificada na fase adulta, morar sozinho e possuir renda insuficiente na velhice. A PCR esteve associada com a baixa força de preensão manual e com o SPPB<8. Entretanto, a associação entre a PCR e a força de preensão manual não se manteve quando ajustada por fatores socioeconômicos e hábitos de saúde. As associações negativas entre SPPB e PCR permaneceram significativas mesmo após ajustes por idade, sexo, escolaridade, local de pesquisa e condições de saúde. O baixo desempenho físico (SPPB ≤ 8) foi associado com uma significativa diminuição nos níveis de cortisol ao acordar, em comparação com os níveis de cortisol de idosos com bom desempenho físico (SPPB > 8), mesmo após modelos controlados por local de estudo, sexo, depressão, hábitos de saúde, uso de psicotrópicos e índice de massa corporal. Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciaram associação entre a inflamação, o estresse e as desigualdades sociais e econômicas na infância, sobre o desempenho físico de idosos com diferenciados perfis epidemiológicos. Enfatizamos que a promoção do envelhecimento saudável requer considerar políticas e práticas que favoreçam o bem-estar econômico e social para crianças, adultos e idosos.

Um dermatam sulfato antitrombótico do camarão Litopenaeus vanammei inibe a inflamação e angiogênese

Inflammation is combined of a vascular and a cellular reaction, resulting in different cells and tissue responses, both the intravascular and extravascular environment. As the inflammatory process occurs, coagulation proteases, in particular thrombin (FIIa), are able to initiate various cellular responses in vascular biology and therefore is often observed activation of other biological systems, leading to complications during an event inflammatory, such as thrombosis and angiogenesis. Thus, antagonists molecules of these events are interesting models for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. Thereby, it is worth stressing the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are able to interact with several proteins involved in important biological processes, including inflammation and coagulation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and anti-angiogenic potentials, as well anticoagulant of a dermatan sulfate-like GAG (DS) extracted from the Litopenaeus vannamei cephalotorax. The compound was obtained after proteolysis and purification by ion-exchange chromatography. After total digestion by DS-like compounds digesting lyases (chondroitinase ABC), the DS-like nature was revealed, and then called DSL. The shrimp compound showed reduced anticoagulant effect by the aPTT assay, but high anti-IIa activity, directly and through heparin cofactor II. On inflammation, the compound had a significant inhibitory effect with the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Potential Inhibitory were reported in the antithrombotic and anti-angiogenic assay, the latter being dose dependent. As for anti-hemostatic activity, the polysaccharides did not induced significant bleeding effect. Thus, the results shown by the shrimp DS-like compound indicate this glycosaminoglycan as a biotechnology target with prospects for the development of new multipotent drugs.

Sistema de realidade aumentada no procedimento cirúrgico de remoção de pedras nos rins

A inovação tecnológica e as facilidades que gera tem tido um impacto crescente em diversas área, inclusivamente na medicina. A rápida evolução por parte de algumas tecnologias, como é o caso da Realidade Aumentada (RA), criam excelentes oportunidades, nomeadamente para intervenções cirúrgicas laparoscópicas, que apresentam especialmente problemas ao nível da exposição do doente a radiação. O presente documento detalha todo o processo de investigação e desenvolvimento realizado com a pretensão de criar um sistema de navegação por RA que auxilie o procedimento cirúrgico laparoscópico de remoção de pedras nos rins. Com este objetivo em perspetiva, e numa parceria com a empresa ECmedica LTD, foram desenvolvidos quatro protótipo funcionais. Com o intuito de compreender as melhores práticas de sistemas de input, interface e sistema de registo a aplicar, estes integraram aspetos inovadores tais como a utilização de uma sonda ultra-som, como substituta do raioX, e um registo feito através de sensores magnéticos. Apoiados numa metodologia de design centrado no utilizador e em instrumentos de análise como entrevistas e observação natural, os protótipos foram testados, obtendo respostas esclarecedoras relativamente ao objetivos dos protótipos. Foi observado que a RA é vista pelos médicos como uma solução com potencial, com as soluções apresentadas ao nível de inputs, interface e registo a serem bem recebidas. A projeção bidimensional oferecida pela imagem ultra-som foi encarada como insuficientes, sendo sugerida a sua substituição por um aumento tridimensional capaz de facilitar a correta inserção da agulha.

Caracterização físico-química e efeitos de frações polissacarídicas da alga amansia multifida na coagulação, inflamação, radicais livres e viabilidade celular

Galactans are polysaccharides sulfated present in the cell wall of red algae. Carrageenans are galactans well known in the food industry as gelling polysaccharides and for induce inflammatory process in rodents as animal model. The extraction of polysaccharides from A. multifida has been carried out by proteolysis and precipitation in different volumes of acetone, which produced three fractions (F1, F2, and FT). Chemical and physical analyses revealed that these fractions are sulfated galactan predominantly. Results of the antioxidant activity assays showed that all of these fractions have antioxidant activity and that was associated with sulfate content of the analysis of reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. However, these fractions were not effective against lipid peroxidation. The fraction FT presented higher activity on the APTT test at 200 μg (> 240 s). The assessment of the hemolytic activity showed that the FT fraction has the best activity, increasing lyses by the complement system to 42.3% (50 μg) (p< 0,001). The fraction FT showed the best yield, anticoagulant and hemolytic activity between the three fractions and therefore it was choose for the in vivo studies. The Inflammation assessment using the FT fraction (50 mg / kg MB) showed that the cellular migration and the IL-6 production increased 670.1% (p< 0,001) and 531.8% (p< 0,001), respectively. These results confirmed its use as an inflammation inducer in animal model. Cytotoxicity assay results showed that all fractions have toxic effects on 3T3 and HeLa cells after exposition of 48 hours, except when 100 μg for both F1 and FT were used. These results arise the discussion whether these polysaccharides it should be used as additive in foods, cosmetics and medicines.

Efeito de glucanas do fungo Caripia montagnei em modelo de inflamação intestinal induzida por tnbs em ratos Wistar e em células de carcinoma de cólon humano HT-29

Compounds derived from fungi has been the subject of many studies in order to broaden the knowledge of their bioactive potential. Polysaccharides from Caripia montagnei have been described to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, glucans extracted from Caripia montagnei mushroom were chemically characterized and their effects evaluated at different doses and intervals of treatment. It was also described their action on colonic injury in the model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and its action on cells of the human colon carcinoma (HT-29). Compounds extracted of C. montagnei contain high level of carbohydrates (96%), low content of phenolic compounds (1.5%) and low contamination with proteins (2.5%). The (FT-IR) and (NMR) analysis showed that polysaccharides from this species of mushroom are composed of α- and β-glucans. The colonic damage was evaluated by macroscopic, histological, biochemical and immunologic analyses. The results showed a reduction of colonic lesions in all groups treated with the glucans of Caripia montagnei (GCM). GCM significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 (50 and 75 mg/kg, p < 0.05), a major inflammatory cytokine. Biochemical analyses showed that such glucans acted on reducing levels of alkaline phosphatase (75 mg/kg, p < 0.01), nitric oxide (p < 0.001), and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.001). These results were confirmed microscopically by the reduction of cellular infiltration. The increase of catalase activity suggest a protective effect of GCM on colonic tissue, confirming their anti-inflammatory potential. GCM displayed cytostatic activity against HT-29 cells, causing accumulation of cells in G1 phase, blocking the cycle cell progression. Those glucans also showed ability to modulate the adhesion of HT-29 cells to Matrigel® and reduced the oxidative stress. The antiproliferative activity against HT-29 cells displayed by GCM (p <0.001) can be attributed to its cytostatic activity and induction of apoptosis by GCM

Toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de quantum dots de carbono recobertos com boronato

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2016.

Suplementação com caldo de cana de açucar comparado com outros carboidratos na reposição do glicogenio e cinetica de biomarcadores pos-exercicio agudo em ratos

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Comparação da magnitude do dano muscular após ações excêntricas com diferentes velocidades em mulheres jovens e na pós-menopausa

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Bone response to biosilicates® with different crystal phases

The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and histomorphometrical bone response to three Biosilicates with different crystal phases comparing them to Bioglass®45S5 implants used as control. Ceramic glass Biosilicate and Bioglass®45S5 implants were bilaterally inserted in rabbit femurs and harvested after 8 and 12 weeks. Histological examination did not revealed persistent inflammation or foreign body reaction at implantation sites. Bone and a layer of soft tissue were observed in close contact with the implant surfaces in the medullary canal. The connective tissue presented few elongated cells and collagen fibers located parallel to implant surface. Cortical portion after 8 weeks was the only area that demonstrated significant difference between all tested materials, with Biosilicate 1F and Biosilicate 2F presenting higher bone formation than Bioglass®45S5 and Biosilicate® vitreo (p=0.02). All other areas and periods were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, all tested materials were considered biocompatible, demonstrating surface bone formation and a satisfactory behavior at biological environment.

Tissue inflammatory response to implantation of calcium hydroxide and iodoform in the back of rats

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the inflammatory reaction caused by the implantation of iodoform and calcium hydroxide in the back of rats. These drugs may be used as intracanal dressings to eliminate residual bacteria of the root canal system. METHODS: Twenty albinic rats (Rattus norvegicus, var Wistar) were divided into four groups: control group 1 (CG1) had normal skin; control group 2 (CG2) had wounded tissue without drugs; in groups 3 and 4, iodoform (IG) and calcium hydroxide (CHG) were inserted into the wounds, respectively. After 3, 5 and 11 days, slices of the implanted areas were macroscopically and microscopically observed regarding to their qualitative and quantitative aspects. RESULTS: In the macroscopical analysis, the CHG showed a large area of necrosis and swelling, which progressively decreased; in the IG the presence of iodoform surrounded by normal tissue was observed. The qualitative and quantitative histological analysis showed that IG promoted a shorter delay in the inflammatory response than the CHG. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory reaction for iodoform had a peak period five days after the drug insertion. By comparison, calcium hydroxide showed a very large area of necrosis that could only be partially eliminated after eleven days.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis with involvement of the temporomandibular joint: the role of image examinations

PURPOSE: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has unknown etiology, and the involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare in the early phase of the disease. The present article describes the use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) images for the diagnosis of affected TMJ in JIA. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 12-year-old, female, Caucasian patient, with systemic rheumathoid arthritis and involvement of multiple joints was referred to the Imaging Center for TMJ assessment. The patient reported TMJ pain and limited opening of the mouth. The helical CT examination of the TMJ region showed asymmetric mandibular condyles, erosion of the right condyle and osteophyte-like formation. The MRI examination showed erosion of the right mandibular condyle, osteophytes, displacement without reduction and disruption of the articular disc. CONCLUSION: The disorders of the TMJ as a consequence of JIA must be carefully assessed by modern imaging methods such as CT and MRI. CT is very useful for the evaluation of discrete bone changes, which are not identified by conventional radiographs in the early phase of JIA. MRI allows the evaluation of soft tissues, the identification of acute articular inflammation and the differentiation between pannus and synovial hypertrophy.