224 resultados para Petrochemical


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Includes bibliography

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Optical remote sensing techniques have obvious advantages for monitoring gas and aerosol emissions, since they enable the operation over large distances, far from hostile environments, and fast processing of the measured signal. In this study two remote sensing devices, namely a Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) for monitoring the vertical profile of backscattered light intensity, and a Sodar (Acoustic Radar, Sound Detection and Ranging) for monitoring the vertical profile of the wind vector were operated during specific periods. The acquired data were processed and compared with data of air quality obtained from ground level monitoring stations, in order to verify the possibility of using the remote sensing techniques to monitor industrial emissions. The campaigns were carried out in the area of the Environmental Research Center (Cepema) of the University of São Paulo, in the city of Cubatão, Brazil, a large industrial site, where numerous different industries are located, including an oil refinery, a steel plant, as well as fertilizer, cement and chemical/petrochemical plants. The local environmental problems caused by the industrial activities are aggravated by the climate and topography of the site, unfavorable to pollutant dispersion. Results of a campaign are presented for a 24- hour period, showing data of a Lidar, an air quality monitoring station and a Sodar. © 2011 SPIE.

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The addition of nutrients and/or soil bulking agents is used in bioremediation to increase microbial activity in contaminated soils. For this purpose, some studies have assessed the effectiveness of vinasse in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum waste. The present study was aimed at investigating the clastogenic/aneugenic potential of landfarming soil from a petroleum refinery before and after addition of sugar cane vinasse using the Allium cepa bioassay. Our results show that the addition of sugar cane vinasse to landfarming soil potentiates the clastogenic effects of the latter probably due the release of metals that were previously adsorbed into the organic matter. These metals may have interacted synergistically with petroleum hydrocarbons present in the landfarming soil treated with sugar cane vinasse. We recommend further tests to monitor the effects of sugar cane vinasse on soils contaminated with organic wastes. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The energy sector is a dominant one in Trinidad and Tobago and it plays an important role in the twin-island republic‟s economy. In 2008, the share of the energy sector in gross domestic product (GDP) amounted to approximately 48% while contributing 57% to total Government revenue. In that same year, the sector‟s share of merchandise exports was 88%, made up mainly of refined oil products including petroleum, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and natural gas liquids (Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago, 2009). Trinidad and Tobago is the main exporter of oil in the Caribbean region and the main producer of liquefied natural gas in Latin America and the Caribbean. The role of the country‟s energy sector is, therefore, not limited to serving as the engine of growth for the national economy but also includes providing energy security for the small island developing States of the Caribbean. However, with its hydrocarbon-based economy, Trinidad and Tobago is ranked seventh in the world in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita, producing an estimated 40 million tonnes of CO2 annually. Almost 90% of these CO2 emissions are attributed directly to the energy sector through petrochemical production (56%), power generation (30%) and flaring (3%). Trinidad and Tobago is a ratified signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. Although, as a non-Annex 1 country, Trinidad and Tobago is not required to cut its greenhouse gas emissions under the Protocol, it is currently finalizing a climate change policy document as well as a national energy policy with specific strategies to address climate change. The present study complements the climate change policy document by providing an economic analysis of the impact that climate change could have on the energy sector in Trinidad and Tobago under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change alternative climate scenarios (A2 and B2) as compared to a baseline situation of no climate change. Results of analyses indicate that, in the short-run, climate change, represented by change in temperature, is not a significant determinant of domestic consumption of energy, electricity in particular, in Trinidad and Tobago. With energy prices subsidized domestically and fixed for years at a time, energy price does not play a role in determining electricity demand. Economic growth, as indicated by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the single major determinant of electricity consumption in the short-run. In the long-run, temperature, GDP, and patterns of electricity use, jointly determine electricity consumption. Variations in average annual temperature due to climate change for the A2 scenario are expected to lead to an increase in electricity consumption per capita, equivalent to an annual increase of 1.07% over the 2011 baseline value of electricity consumption per capita. Under the B2 scenario, the average annual increase in electricity consumption per capita over the 2011 baseline value is expected to be 1.01%. The estimated economic impact of climate change on electricity consumption for the period 2011-2050 is valued at US$ 142.88 million under the A2 scenario and US$ 134.83million under the B2 scenario. These economic impact estimates are equivalent to a loss of 0.737% of 2009 GDP under the A2 climate scenario and a loss of 0.695% of 2009 GDP under the B2 scenario. On the energy supply side, sea level rise and storm surges present significant risks to oil installations and infrastructure at the Petroleum Company of Trinidad and Tobago (PETROTRIN) Pointe-a-Pierre facilities (Singh and El Fouladi, 2006). However, data limitations do not permit the conduct of an economic analysis of the impact of projected sea level rise on oil and gas production.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este trabalho dissertativo tem por tema a Educação Ambiental portuária e como objeto o Programa de Educação Ambiental da Companhia Docas do Pará apresentando como objetivo a análise descritiva deste Programa no Terminal Petroquímico de Miramar relacionando-o a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental (Lei nº 9.795/99) e demais legislações pertinentes. Foi problematizada a efetivação da Educação Ambiental enquanto política pública. De modo a atender as legislações ambientais a Companhia Docas do Pará (CDP) em parceria com a Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) através do Grupo de Estudos em Educação, Cultura e Meio Ambiente (GEAM) no ano de 2005 implanta o Programa de Educação Ambiental, no Porto de Vila do Conde, Porto de Santarém e em 2007 no Terminal Petroquímico de Miramar esse programa atinge tanto os funcionários dos portos e terminais quanto às comunidades dos bairros do entorno através de diversas atividades (cursos, oficinas e palestras) relacionadas à Educação Ambiental. Como metodologia, utilizamos a pesquisa documental a partir da análise descritiva dos Relatórios de Atividades do Programa de Educação Ambiental no Terminal Petroquímico de Miramar. Utilizamos como aporte teórico para compreensão do objeto os pressupostos do materialismo histórico dialético relacionado ao conceito de Educação Ambiental crítica, emancipatória, popular e transformadora, uma vez que nos deparamos com um cenário de insustentabilidade ambiental decorrente de políticas de exploração desenfreada dos recursos naturais e de ameaça à biodiversidade, biomas, ecossistemas e que repercutem no aumento das desigualdades socioambientais. Dessa forma, concluímos que o Programa de Educação Ambiental da Companhia Docas do Pará deve ser entendido como elemento de legitimação e efetivação da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental, sendo esta política fruto de demandas sociais, mas que vem atender e revelar a face reformista e conservadora do Estado e do sistema capitalista em suas ações. Portanto, apesar dos avanços nos debates e nas discussões que visualizamos na análise descritiva do Programa, o mesmo precisa enfatizar a necessidade de superação da realidade de crise socioambiental global em sua prática de modo a possibilitar transformações efetivas relacionando o local ao global.

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Amostras de sedimentos de fundo foram coletadas e analisadas para o mercúrio no Estuário de Santos-SP. Os resultados analíticos foram revistos para contaminação antropogênica de alguns setores da área estuarina como resultado de resíduos petroquímico e metalúrgico derivados do distrito industrial de Cubatão, das atividades siderúrgicas do Estado de São Paulo (COSIPA), do porto de Santos e, finalmente, das descargas dos efluentes do emissário submarino dentro da baía de Santos. Os valores para o fator de contaminação médio (FC) obtidos para os sedimentos de fundo variam de 1 a 3, principalmente para os canais de Santos e São Vicente; entretanto, na baía de Santos, os valores de FC (abaixo de 1) indicam baixa contaminação, exceto na área de descarga do emissário submarino.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)