Qualidade pós-colheita de cultivares de bananeira do grupo 'maçã', na região de Belém - PA

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização física e físico-química de três cultivares de bananeira do subgrupo 'Maçã', em diferentes estádios de maturação, bem como a avaliação sensorial dos frutos maduros. Os cachos de banana das cultivares Caipira, Thap Maeo e BRS Tropical foram colhidos no estádio 2 de coloração da casca (verde-maduro) e armazenados sob condição ambiente, sendo avaliados com relação ao comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, açúcares redutores, não redutores e totais da polpa neste mesmo estádio, e à medida que atingiam os graus 3; 5 e 7 de coloração da casca. Os frutos completamente maduros foram ainda analisados quanto à aceitação sensorial, por meio dos atributos aroma, cor da polpa, textura e sabor dos frutos. Durante o período de maturação das bananas, observaram-se, para todas as cultivares avaliadas, aumento da acidez, sólidos solúveis e açúcares, fatores responsáveis pelo aroma e sabor da fruta. Verificou-se também redução na firmeza dos frutos com o amadurecimento e redução do pH para as cultivares estudadas. Com relação à análise sensorial, destacaram-se as cultivares Tropical e Thap Maeo, com as maiores notas médias para todos os atributos sensoriais analisados.

Respiración y parámetros relacionados durante la maduración del Chicozapote cosechado en la Península de Yucatán

El chicozapote es un fruto nativo de América, considerado originario de la Península de Yucatán. Este fruto es clasificado como climatérico, dependiendo el momento del climaterio de factores externos que inducen la producción de etileno. En la ruta biosintética del etileno, la enzima Ácido 1-Aminocicloproano-1-Carboxílico Oxidasa (ACC Oxidasa) es responsable de la oxidación de Ácido 1-Aminocicloproano-1-Carboxílico (ACC) a etileno, lo que constituye la última etapa de su biosíntesis. Debido a que los procesos metabólicos relacionados con el proceso de respiración de este fruto durante su maduración poscosecha aún no son claros, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los principales cambios de la respiración y parámetros relacionados durante la maduración. Se cosecharon frutos de chicozapote (Manilkhara achras) sazones en el campo experimental de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chapingo en Yucatán y se dejaron madurar a temperatura ambiente (28±2ºC), evaluando la velocidad de producción de CO2 y etileno en frutos enteros y destruyendo seis cada día, para realizar las determinaciones establecidas para la pulpa de este fruto. Los resultados indicaron que en el fruto chicozapote Selección Campeche, cultivado en Yucatán el pico climatérico se presenta alrededor del quinto día después de la cosecha y coincide con un pico de etileno y la máxima actividad de la enzima ACC Oxidasa. La enzima Polifenol Oxidasa (PPO) utiliza como sustrato a las antocianinas y los taninos. El etanol aparece como un producto de descomposición y no como sustrato durante la síntesis de etileno. Antocianinas y acetaldehído durante la madurez comestible y la senescencia en la pulpa de este fruto, contribuyen al color de la misma.

Usos del sòl i activitats productives a Barcelona a partir de l"anàlisi paleoambiental de la llacuna litoral medieval del Pa de Palau

[cat]Els treballs arqueològics duts a terme al solar localitzat entre la plaça de Pau Vila i els carrers del Dr. Aiguader i de la Marquesa, al peu del baluard del Migdia, han permès descriure l'evolució geoarqueològica d'un tram del front marítim de Barcelona i generar dades fiables de la configuració de la façana litoral. Sota una potent capa de sorres, s'identificà un paquet de llims i argiles orgàniques característiques d'un medi de baixa energia; és a dir, protegit de l'onatge marí probablement per barres sorrenques. Aquesta seqüència presenta una cronologia entre finals del segle IX i ca. 1440, moment en què es realitzaren els primers intents de construcció d'estructures portuàries. En aquest nivell llimoargilós s'han dut a terme analítiques paleoambientals consistents en l'estudi pol·línic, sedimentològic i geoquímic dels sediments que han posat en evidència els canvis ambientals del front marítim barceloní, del paisatge vegetal del pla, com també de les activitats agrícoles i productives urbanes en època medieval i inicis de l'edat moderna. La informació així obtinguda ha estat contrastada amb la informació històrica. [eng]The archaeological work conducted at the site located at the foot of the Baluard del Migdia bastion between Plaça Pau Vila and Carrer Dr. Aiguader and Carrer Marquesa has provided the opportunity to describe the geoarchaeological evolution of a stretch of the seafront of Barcelona and to generate reliable data on the configuration of the coastline. A layer of silt and organic clays typical of a low-energy environment was found below a thick layer of sands. In other words, this packet was protected from the swell of the sea, probably by sandbars. This sequence presents a chronology spanning from the late 9th century BC to around 1440, the time when the first attempts were made to build port structures. This layer of silt and clay has been subjected to palaeoenvironmental analyses consisting of the study of the pollen, sediment and the geochemistry of the sediments. The results of this analysis provide evidence of the environmental changes in the seafront of Barcelona and the landscape in the plain, as well as the urban agricultural and production activities in medieval times and the early modern age. The information obtained has been compared with historical information.

Aportaciones de la prospección geofísica al estudio del subsuelo del Berguedà y Solsonés, (pre-pirineo Catalán, N.E. de la Península Ibérica)

En este trabajo se presenta la interpretaciónpor métodos geofísicos combinados de un sector del contacto entre el Pre-Pirineo y la La zona objeto del presente estudio se halla a Depresión Central Catalana...

Expresión geomorfológica de la actividad reciente de la falla de Amer (NE de la Península Ibérica)

Triangular facets, related drainage basins, alluvial fans and subtle scarps reveal the recent activity of the normal Amer fault (NE Spain). The 1427 earthquakes which reached epicentral intensities ranging between VI1 and VI11 have been attributed to the Amer fault. However, the geomorphologic and geologic characteristics of this fault (30 km length) suggest that it might be capable of producing larger earthquakes than those occurred during de 15th century.

Contribución al conocimiento de la geología del depósito de Au-Cu de La Pava (Península de Azuero, Panamá)

The «La Pava» Au-Cu deposit is hosted by a vulcanosedimentary sequence, named Ocú Formation,developed in an island arc environment that resulted from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate during the Cretaceous times. The deposit consists of disseminations and stockworks of pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanied by barite, quartz and carbonates. Three hydrothermal alteration zones have been recognized: silicic, argillic and propilityc, typical of gold-related high sulfidation systems. A supergenic alteration overprints the hydrothermal alterations developing a cap rich in silica and Feoxides. The detailed study of the Ocú Fm. indicates that the sulfides and the accompanying gold was formed in a submarine environment. Therefore we suggest that «La Pava» represents an Au-Cu hybrid deposit between high sulphidation epithermal and VMS types, which are found in volcanogenic massive sulphide environments.

Pilot study about the effect of rt-PA administration on the excitotoxicity mediated brain damage and its repercussion on the functional prognosis of patients with ischaemic stroke: research protocol

Fibrinolytic therapy with Recombinant Tissue-Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA) is currently the only effective treatment for ischaemic stroke in its acute phase. Even though its use generally improves the prognosis of those patients likely to receive it, rt-PA administration is associated to several risks, such as haemorrhagic transformation ofthe ischaemic lesion and activation of excitotoxic mechanisms that may contribute to an increase in mortality or to a poor outcome in certain occasions, specially when arterial recanalization is not achieved or the rt-PA is lately administrated. Since in the last few years the role of glutamate in the neurotoxicity associated toischaemia has been widely studied and it is known that high plasma glutamate levels are predictors of ischaemic lesion growth and poor neurological outcome, it is necessary to find out which factors can contribute to glutamate release in the brain. The aim of this study is to determine if rt-PA administration is related to an increase in plasma glutamate levels, as well as to define if higher plasma glutamate levels at admission are related to different evolution and prognosis of our patients, both in those in which recanalisation is achieved and not. A series of cases of patients with hemispheric cerebral infarction admitted in our hospital during a year will be studied, and the data obtained from them will be compared to the data obtained from a control group, the samples of wich were takenyears ago, before rt-PA was routinely used

La cantata humana para voz solista en la Península Ibérica a finales del siglo XVII y inicios del XVIII : estudio y edición musical de parte del códice 82 de la Colección Pombalinas de la Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal

La cantata humana per a veu solista a la Península Ibèrica a finals del segle XVII i inicis del XVIII. Estudi i edició musical d'una part del còdex 82 de la Colección Pombalinas de la Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal.

Segunda adición a la fauna malacológica del litoral del Garraf (NE de la Península Ibérica)

Se presenta una tercera lista de 68 especies de moluscos marinos (4 Caudofoveata, 1 Solenogastre, 32 Gastropoda, 15 Bivalvia y 16 Cephalopoda) que no habían sido citados anteriormente en ahuas del litoral del Garraf (Barcelona, NE de la Península Ibérica).

Projeccions de canvi climatic per a Catalunya (NE Península Ibèrica). Part II: sintetitzant diverses metodologies = Climate change projections for Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Part II: Integrating several methodologies

The publication of the fourth IPCC report, as well as the number of research results reported in recent years about the regionalization of climate projections, were the driving forces to justify the update of the report on climate change in Catalonia. Specifically, the new IPCC report contains new climate projections at global and continental scales, while several international projects (especially European projects PRUDENCE and ENSEMBLES) have produced continental-scale climate projections, which allow for distinguishing between European regions. For Spain, some of these results have been included in a document commissioned by the“State Agency of Meteorology”. In addition, initiatives are being developed within Catalonia (in particular, by the Meteorological Service of Catalonia) to downscale climate projections in this area. The present paper synthesizes results of these and other previously published studies, as well as our own analysis of results of the ENSEMBLES project. The aim is to propose scenarios of variation in temperature and rainfall in Catalonia during the 21st Century. Thus, by the middle of this century temperatures could rise up to 2 C compared with that of the late 20th Century. These increases would probably be higher in summer than in winter, generalized across the territory but less pronounced in coastal areas. Rainfall, however, would not change much, but it could slightly decrease. Towards the end of the 21st Century, temperatures could rise to about 5 C above that of the last century, while the average rainfall could decrease by more than 10%. Increases in temperature would be higher in summer and in areas further from the coast. Rainfall would decrease especially during the summer, while it could even increase in winter in mountainous areas such as the Pyrenees.

Rhaponticum repens (Compositae), una nueva planta alóctona para la Península Ibérica

First record of the alien pest Rhaponticum repens (Compositae) in the Iberian Peninsula.- Rhaponticum repens is reported for the first time for the flora of the Iberian Peninsula. The species is native from Central Asia and has become invasive in Argentina, Canada, Europe and the USA. It was detected for the first time in abandoned fields from Vilablareix, near the city of Girona (Catalonia, Spain) and in the valley of the Vinalopó in Alicante (Valencia, Spain), where it was collected as early as in 1959 but misdentified. Molecular data, based on nrDNA region ITS, suggest that the reported populations may be closely related to plants from the United States. Due to the extremely noxious character of the species and the possible relationship of Spanish plants with the invasive American populations, some kind of monitoring is recommended

Determinação da composição isotópica de estrôncio em águas naturais: exemplos de sua aplicação em águas subsuperficiais da zona costeira na região Bragantina-PA

Analytical procedures used for determining the concentrations and isotope composition of strontium in subsurface waters, by mass spectrometry, are described. Sampling was performed in coastal plateaus, salt marsh and mangrove environments in the coastal region of Pará. Coastal plateau waters have delta87Sr between 1.51 and 6.26‰ and Sr concentration bellow 58 ppb. Salt marsh waters show delta87Sr between 0.55 and 0.90‰ and Sr concentration between 93 and 114 ppm, while mangrove waters have delta87Sr‰ around zero and Sr concentration above 15 ppm. Differences in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in these subsurface waters are detected, as well as seasonal variations in the coastal pleteau waters.

Teores de nitrato (NO3-) e amônio (NH4+) nas águas do aqüífero Barreiras nos bairros do Reduto, Nazaré e Umarizal - Belém/PA

This paper evaluates the occurrence of nitrate and ammonium in the Barreiras aquifer in the metropolitan area of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. The results show that some wells display ammonium and nitrate concentrations above or close to the limits of water potability regulations. The main cause of the pollution of these waters is related the local disposal of domestic effluents and/or leakage from pipes of old sewage systems.

Dinámica del heleoplancton en relación a las fluctuaciones hidrológicas en aiguamolls de l’Empordà (NE de la península Ibérica). Propuesta de un método sencillo de monitorización basado en la abundancia de grupos taxonómicos

Monitoring of the 'ecological water quality' in 'Aiguamolls de l’Empordà' Natural Park was carried out between September 1996 and August 1997 . The aim of this sampling programme was to design a simple method for rapid detect changes in water quality due to human activity. These include flow regulation by the Park management, nutrient entries from effluents of a nearby wastewater treatment plant or agricultural fertilising. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the abundance of characteristic taxonomic groups of aquatic invertebrates (heleoplankton). The simplicity of the method is ensured by the use of large taxa which are easier to recognise than species. The functioning of aquatic systems has been modelled by means of correspondence analysis between samples and taxa. Results can be summerized in five environmental conditions with a regular community structure. Dominated by one taxon: cladocerans, ostracods, calanoids, cyclopoids and harpacticoids. The dynamics of both freshwater and brackish lagoons can be modelled as displacements between these five groups of environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the “calanoids situation” and the “harpacticoids situation” occur mainly in brackish lagoons, whereas the “cladocerans situation” occurs mainly in freshwater. The four principal axes of data variation have been respectively identified as nutrient turnover rate, hypertrophy, degree of mineralization of the organic matter and eutrophy. The use of these taxa has been validated by comparison with a model obtained from the species. We conclude that in a highly fluctuating system such as the one here, only persistent situations of eutrophy or hypertrophy must be equated to low 'ecological water quality'

Argilas bentoníticas da península de Santa Elena, Equador: pilarização, ativação ácida e seu uso como descolorante de óleo de soja

Two samples of calcic bentonite of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador, were pillared with Al13 ions in the ratio of 10, 15 and 20 meq of Al g-1 of clay, calcinated at 573, 723 and 873 ºK and acid activated with 4, 6 and 8 mol L-1 H2SO4. Analyses by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, differential and gravimetric thermal, density, surface area and porosity, were applied in order to study the modifications occurred in the crystalline structure of the montmorillonite. The 8 mol L-1 H2SO4 acid-activated 15 meq of Al g-1 of clay at 573 ºK Al-pillared samples indicated the best results in the bleaching of the soybean oil measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer.