999 resultados para Peixe - Digestibilidade
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O presente trabalho visa estudar as similaridades e diferenças dos atributos do peixe cultivado na percepção de produtores, varejistas e consumidores do município de Santo Ângelo - RS. Este município foi escolhido devido à produção de peixes estar em fase de desenvolvimento, escassez de informações referentes à produção, à comercialização e ao consumo. Para tanto, foram formados três grupos focais constituídos de dez produtores, dez varejistas e dez consumidores. Este trabalho contribui com dados sobre as características dos integrantes de cada grupo focal e permite comparar as percepções dos três grupos focais relativas aos atributos como: espécie, tamanho, peso, forma de comercialização, preço, características e status da carne de peixe, forma de preparação e embalagens. O estudo evidenciou que existem percepções similares e percepções diferentes nos três grupos. Conclui-se que existe demanda para outras espécies de peixe cultivado além das que são atualmente disponibilizadas pelos produtores. Além disto, os consumidores tem preferências por tamanhos, pesos e freqüência de comercialização, forma de preparação e informações nas embalagens diferentes das que são oferecidas pelos produtores. Comprova-se, com isto, uma falta de comunicação entre os diferentes elos da cadeia produtiva, pois os consumidores e varejistas têm necessidades que não são totalmente atendidas pelos produtores. Evidencia-se, portanto, um mercado potencial que poderá ser atendido na medida em que haja uma melhor capacitação técnica dos produtores e uma maior proximidade entre os elos da cadeia produtiva.
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Foram conduzidos dois ensaios de metabolismo com suínos em crescimento para avaliar o efeito do tratamento térmico sobre a digestibilidade de grão de soja integral. No ensaio 1 foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos em 6 dietas, à base de amido de milho e grão de soja, em um arranjo fatorial 3*2, composto por três tratamentos de calor submetidos ao grão (cru, AUTOCLAVADO e AUTOCLAVADO o dobro tempo) e dois níveis de lisina (85 e 100% das exigências do NRC (1988)). No ensaio 2 foram utilizados 18 suínos distribuídos em 18 dietas, à base de amido de milho e grão de soja (autoclavado ou autoclavado o dobro tempo) em um arranjo fatorial 3x3x2, composto por três níveis de lisina (80, 100 e 120% NRC (1988)), três suplementações de aminoácidos (0, metionina e treonina) dois tempos de tratamento térmico (autoclavado e dobro do tempo). No ensaio 1 foi observado efeito do tratamento térmico (P< 0,004) e do nível de lisina (P= 0,009) sobre o ganho de peso e do tratamento térmico (P= 0,006) sobre o consumo de matéria seca. Não foram observados efeitos do tratamento térmico e do nível de lisina sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína e da energia das dietas. No ensaio 2 foi observado efeito do nível de lisina (P= 0,008) sobre a excreção fecal de proteína bruta e de energia bruta (P= 0,003) e do tratamento térmico sobre a excreção fecal da energia bruta (P= 0,04).
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Realizou-se um experimento convencional de digestibilidade e consumo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do nível de inclusão de nitrogênio não protéico em suplementos fornecidos a tourinhos Hereford de 17 meses e 220 kg de peso vivo, consumindo feno de tifton (Cynodon dactylon) fornecido ad libitum. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - Feno + suplemento sem uréia; T2 - Feno + suplemento com 0,28 g de uréia/UTM; T3 - Feno + suplemento com 0,55 g de uréia/UTM; T4 - Feno + suplemento com 0,83 g de uréia/UTM e T5 - Feno + suplemento com 1,11 g de uréia/UTM. O feno apresentou, na média, 3,86% de proteína bruta e 84,66% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Não foram constatados efeitos da suplementação sobre a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica, da matéria orgânica do feno, da FDN, da celulose e da hemicelulose (P>0,05). O consumo de matéria orgânica total, de matéria orgânica do feno e de FDN responderam de forma quadrática a suplementação com NNP (P<0,05). A excreção fecal metabólica de matéria orgânica não foi afetada pela suplementação sugerindo um aumento simultâneo na taxa de passagem (variação no consumo) e na taxa de digestão (digestibilidade constante). O CMO digestível apresentou comportamento quadrático com o aumento dos níveis de uréia na dieta. A relação entre o consumo de proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e o CMOD apresentou-se maximizada quando o nível de proteína degradável no rúmen foi equivalente a 8,1% da MOD, valor este coerente com dados encontrados na literatura.
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Imagem componente do jogo “DigesTower (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/digestower.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).
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The objectives of this research were to investigate the agrotoxic most used in the Gramorezinho region in the green belt of Natal, and to evaluate the acute toxicity of these, based on the LC50-48h values estimated in tests for Danio rerio, internationally used as test organism. The acute toxicity tests were performed under laboratory conditions, according to standardized methods (ABNT/NBR/15088/04) for this species. The LC50-48h estimated to Tamaron BR was 352.89 mg.L-1, which characterizes that as practically non-toxic, according to toxicological classes cited by Zucker. For Decis 25EC, the LC50-48h estimated was 0.0004156 mg.L-1 (4.156 X 10-4 mg.L-1), which classifies it as highly toxic to this species
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Methomyl (Lannate®) is an insecticide from the carbamate group, frequently used in pest control in various types of crops. This compound works inhibiting the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The use of physicochemical and ecotoxicological analysis is the most efficient strategy for the correct characterization and control of residues of metomil. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute toxicity of methomyl in 96 hours of exposure and, through a sublethal assay of 5 hours, to assess its effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase present in brain and squeletic dorsal muscle of the Danio rerio fish. The results showed that the LC50-96 found to D. rerio was 3.4 mg/L and it was found through the average of four definitive tests. In vitro assays were used to test the inhibitory action of methomyl directly over soluble AChE, extracted from the squeletic dorsal muscle, with maximum inhibition of 68.57% to the insecticide concentrations of 0.2 mg/L. In sublethal tests with D. rerio, inhibitory effect of methomyl was found over the soluble form of AChE in the squeletic dorsal muscle, both in one and five hours of fish exposure to the insecticide. In both period, the average values of inhibition were around 61%. In the same condition, no significant inhibitory effect of methomyl soluble and membrane AChE of the D. rerio was observed in the 0.42, 0.85, 1.70 and 2.50 mg/L concentrations and in both times of fish exposure
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The Caatinga biome is rich in endemic fish species fauna. The present study the results of fish faunal surveys conducted in the hydrographic basin of Piranhas-Assu of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. The fish samples collected were distributed in four orders (Characiformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Synbranchiformes), 11 families (Characidae, Curimatidae, Auchenipteridae, Anostomidae, Prochilodontidae, Erythrinidae, Cichlidae, Sciaenidae, Heptapteridae, Loricariidae, Synbranchidae) and 22 species, of which 17 are endemic and five have been introduced from other basins. The order Characiformes was the most representative in number of species (46,35% ) followed by Perciformes (35,38%), Siluriformes (17,44%) and Synbranchiformes (0,5%). The Nile tilapia, Oreochomis niloticus, the only exotic species, was most expressive in number of individuals (24.92%) followed by the native species piau preto, Leporinus piau (18,77 %). Considering the relative frequency of occurrence of the 22 species, 13 were constant, five were accessory and four were occasional. This study investigated the reproductive ecology of an endemic fish black piau, Leporinus piau from the Marechal Dutra reservoir, Acari, Rio Grande do Norte. Samplings were done on a monthly basis from January to December 2009, and a total of 211 specimens were captured. The environmental parameters such as rainfall, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of water were recorded. The sampled population showed a slight predominance of males (55%), however females were larger and heavier. Both sexes of L. piau showed positive allometric growth, indicating a higher increase of weight than length. The first sexual maturation of males occurred at smaller size, with 16.5 cm in total length than females (20.5 cm). During the reproductive period, the condition factor and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. piau were negatively correlated. This species has large oocytes with a high mean fecundity of 54.966 with synchronous oocyte development and total spawning
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The reproductive ecology of fish plays a key role both for rational exploitation methods and for protective measures of natural stocks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive aspects of the damsel-fish, Stegastes fuscus, during October 2004 to September 2005, in the coastal rocky reefs of Búzios Beach, Nísia Floresta, RN. Fish were captured using hooks and hand nets, during low tide. Reproduction was determined using sexual ratio, mean length of first maturation (L50), absolute fecundity and macroscopic characteristics of gonads. The following parameters were related to gonadosomatic index (GSI): condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), rain fall and temperature. In relation to sex distribution, it was observed that 78% were females and 22% were males. The L50 was 6.2 cm for females and 7.0 for males. Average fecundity was 6832 oocytes. Results showed that S. fuscus had better body condition in the months prior to spawning, particularly during initial and intermediate stages of maturation. Five stages of gonadal maturation were identified through macroscopic analysis: immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting. The HSI was inversely related to the GSI. This was possibly due to the reproductive cycle of this species which was associated to the dry period of this region. During this period, low rain fall and high temperatures provide an propitious reproductive condition for the study species
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Linseed is an important oilseed consumed raw as nutritional supplement, that although represents a rich source of nutrients, its nutritional value could be impaired due to the presence of antinutritional factors. In this study, protein fractions from raw linseed flour were extracted and isolated being obtained 12% of albumins, 82% of globulins, 5% of glutelins and 1% of prolamins. These proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE and albumins showed low molecular mass protein bands around 21 kDa and minor bands, similar to that of trypsin inhibitor; Globulins presented protein bands with high molecular masses, which possibly are constituents of multimeric proteins, such as legumins. After determination of the centesimal composition of raw linseed, it was used as exclusive protein source for young rats to evaluate its effect on animal growth. The results showed negative effects on rat growth (weight gain 73% less than the control group) and reduction of intestinal villus (35%), that could be related with in vitro and in vivo globulin digestibility and proteinaceous antinutritional factors (mammalian digestive enzymes inhibitors and lectins) in albumin fraction. Native globulins showed, by SDS-PAGE, low susceptibility in vitro to trypsin and chymotrypsin, however presented high degradation by pancreatin. Thermal treatment of globulins for 5 and 15 minutes at 100ºC improved considerably its digestibility by trypsin and pancreatin. Globulins presented 93.2% in vivo digestibility, similar to the control protein. Albumin fraction had high trypsin inhibition activity (100%) and chymotrypsin inhibition of 28.3%; haemagglutinating activity was not detected. The results of this study indicate the negative action of trypsin inhibitors on animal growth, but can not be discarded its combined action with other antinutritional factors, which could compromise the raw linseed utilization as an alternative food