Hacia la igualdad de la mujer: avances legales desde la aprobación de la Convención sobre la Eliminación de Todas las Formas de Discriminación Contra la Mujer = Towards equality for women: progress in legislation since the adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

Incluye Bibliografía

On elimination of chaotic behavior in a non-ideal portal frame structural system, using both passive and active controls

In this paper, an application is considered of both active and passive controls, to suppression of chaotic behavior of a simple portal frame, under the excitation of an unbalanced DC motor, with limited power supply (non-ideal problem). The adopted active control strategy consists of two controls: the nonlinear (feedforward) in order to keep the controlled system in a desirable orbit, and the feedback control, which may be obtained by considering state-dependent Riccati equation control to bringing the system into the desired orbit using a magneto rheological (MR) damper. To control the electric current applied in control of the MR damper the Bouc-Wen mathematical model was used to the MR damper. The passive control was obtained by means of a nonlinear sub-structure with properties of nonlinear energy sink. Simulations showed the efficiency of both the passive control (energy pumping) and active control strategies in the suppression of the chaotic behavior. © The Author(s) 2012.

About the thermal stability and pore elimination in the ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fabrication of Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 pedestal type waveguide for optical amplifiers

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental results on pedestal waveguides produced with Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 thin films deposited by RF Sputtering for photonic applications. Thin films were deposited using Ar/O-2 plasma at 5 mTorr pressure and RF power of 40 W on substrates of silicon wafers. The definition of the pedestal waveguide structure was made using conventional optical lithography followed by plasma etching. Propagation losses around 2.0 dB/cm and 2.5 dB/cm were obtained at 633 and 1050 nm, respectively, for waveguides in the 20-100 mu m width range. Single-mode propagation was measured for waveguides width up to 10 mu m and 12 mu m, at 633 nm and 1050 nm, respectively; for larger waveguides widths multi-mode propagation was obtained. Internal gain of 5.6 dB at 1530 nm, under 980 nm excitation, was measured for 1.5 cm waveguide length (similar to 3.7 dB/cm). The present results show the possibility of using Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3-WO3-TeO2 pedestal waveguide for optical amplifiers. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Study of Different Subsequence Elimination Strategies for the Soft Drink Production Planning

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Production and characterization of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped pedestal-type PbO-GeO2 waveguides

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pathogens in animal meal and the use of Salmex (R) in the elimination of Clostridium perfringens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Recommendations for Elimination of Bovine Tuberculosis in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer in Michigan

A significant infection rate of bovine TB in the deer population of the northeastern lower peninsula poses a potential risk to several important values including public health, United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.) TB-free accreditation for Michigan cattle, wildlife health, wildlife-related recreation and tourism and economic stability in several sectors. A risk assessment study by the U.S. D.A. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (Fort Collins, CO) predicted that if no changes were made in the management of the affected free-ranging deer population, the TB prevalence (compared to the current prevalence of 2.3%). Although the current annual risk of TB transfer to cattle in the affected area is .I%, the report estimated a 12% cumulative risk that at least one head of cattle would become infected over the next 25 years if no changes are made in deer and/or cattle management.

Elimination of All-Optical Cycles in Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks

A transparent (wide-area) wavelength-routed optical network may be constructed by using wavelength cross-connect switches connected together by fiber to form an arbitrary mesh structure. The network is accessed through electronic stations that are attached to some of these cross-connects. These wavelength cross-connect switches have the property that they may configure themselves into unspecified states. Each input port of a switch is always connected to some output port of the switch whether or not such a connection is required for the purpose of information transfer. Due to the presence of these unspecified states, there exists the possibility of setting up unintended alloptical cycles in the network (viz., a loop with no terminating electronics in it). If such a cycle contains amplifiers [e.g., Erbium- Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA’s)], there exists the possibility that the net loop gain is greater than the net loop loss. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from amplifiers can build up in such a feedback loop to saturate the amplifiers and result in oscillations of the ASE noise in the loop. Such all-optical cycles as defined above (and hereafter referred to as “white” cycles) must be eliminated from an optical network in order for the network to perform any useful operation. Furthermore, for the realistic case in which the wavelength cross-connects result in signal crosstalk, there is a possibility of having closed cycles with oscillating crosstalk signals. We examine algorithms that set up new transparent optical connections upon request while avoiding the creation of such cycles in the network. These algorithms attempt to find a route for a connection and then (in a post-processing fashion) configure switches such that white cycles that might get created would automatically get eliminated. In addition, our call-set-up algorithms can avoid the possibility of crosstalk cycles.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) phosphorylation by protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) inhibits mitochondria elimination by lysosomal-like structures following ischemia and reoxygenation-induced injury

Background: How damaged mitochondria are removed by mitophagy is not fully described. Results: Ischemia and reoxygenation (I/R)-induced injury triggers mitochondria association of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and mitophagy, and protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) activation inhibits it. Conclusion: PKCδ-mediated phosphorylation of GAPDH inhibits mitophagy. Significance: GAPDH/PKCδ is a signaling switch, which is activated during ischemic injury to regulate the balance between cell survival by mitophagy and cell death by apoptosis.

Polymorphic-induced transformations in CaTa2O6 single-crystal fibers obtained by laser-heated pedestal growth

Calcium tantalite (CaTa2O6) single crystal fibers were obtained by the laser-heated pedestal growth method (LHPG). At room temperature, this material can present three polymorphic modifications. The rapid crystallization inherent to the LHPG method produced samples within the Pm3 space group, with some chemical disorder. In order to check for polymorphic-induced transformations, the CaTa2O6 fibers have been submitted to different thermal treatments and investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. For short annealing times (15 min) at 1200 °C, the cubic modification was maintained, though with an improved crystalline quality, as evidenced by the enhanced inelastic scattered intensity (by ca. 250%) and narrowing of Raman bands. The polarized Raman spectra respected very well the predicted symmetries and the selection rules for this cubic modification. On the other hand, long annealing times (24 h) at 1200 °C led to a complete (irreversible) polymorphic transformation. The Raman bands became still more intense (ca. 15 times larger than for the as-grown fibers), narrower, and several new modes appeared. Also, the spectra became unpolarized, demonstrating a polycrystalline nature of the transformed crystals. The observed Raman modes could be fully assigned to an orthorhombic modification of CaTa2O6 belonging to the Pnma space group.

Formation of Phosphatidylethanol and Its Subsequent Elimination During an Extensive Drinking Experiment Over 5 Days

BACKGROUND: For almost 30 years, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) has been known as a direct marker of alcohol consumption. This marker stands for consumption in high amounts and for a longer time period, but it has been also detected after 1 high single intake of ethanol (EtOH). The aim of this study was to obtain further information about the formation and elimination of PEth 16:0/18:1 by simulating extensive drinking. METHODS: After 3 weeks of alcohol abstinence, 11 test persons drank an amount of EtOH leading to an estimated blood ethanol concentration of 1 g/kg on each of 5 successive days. After the drinking episode, they stayed abstinent for 16 days with regular blood sampling. PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (high-performance liquid chromatography 1100 system and QTrap 2000 triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Values of blood alcohol were obtained using a standardized method with headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detector. RESULTS: Maximum measured concentrations of EtOH were 0.99 to 1.83 g/kg (mean 1.32 g/kg). These values were reached 1 to 3 hours after the start of drinking (mean 1.9 hours). For comparison, 10 of 11 volunteers had detectable PEth 16:0/18:1 values 1 hour after the start of drinking, ranging from 45 to 138 ng/ml PEth 16:0/18:1. Over the following days, concentrations of PEth 16:0/18:1 increased continuously and reached the maximum concentrations of 74 to 237 ng/ml between days 3 and 6. CONCLUSIONS: This drinking experiment led to measurable PEth concentrations. However, PEth 16:0/18:1 concentrations stayed rather low compared with those of alcohol abusers from previous studies.

Quantitative assessment of urea generation and elimination in healthy dogs and in dogs with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Kinetic assessment of urea, the main end product of protein metabolism, could serve to assess protein catabolism in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein malnutrition and catabolism are poorly documented in CKD and they often are neglected clinically because of a lack of appropriate evaluation tools. HYPOTHESIS: Generation and excretion of urea are altered in dogs with CKD. ANIMALS: Nine dogs with spontaneous CKD (IRIS stages 2-4) and 5 healthy research dogs. METHODS: Endogenous renal clearance (Clrenal) of urea and creatinine was measured first. Exogenous plasma clearance (Clplasma, total body clearance) of the 2 markers then was determined by an IV infusion of urea (250-1,000 mg/kg over 20 minutes) and an IV bolus of creatinine (40 mg/kg). Extrarenal clearance (Clextra) was defined as the difference between Clplasma)and Clrenal. Endogenous urea generation was computed assuming steady-state conditions. RESULTS: Median Clrenal and Clextra of urea were 2.17 and 0.21 mL/min/kg in healthy dogs and 0.37 and 0.28 mL/min/kg in CKD dogs. The proportion of urea cleared by extrarenal route was markedly higher in dogs with glomerular filtration rate<1 mL/kg/min than in normal dogs, reaching up to 85% of the total clearance. A comparable pattern was observed for creatinine excretion, except in 1 dog, Clextra remained<20% of Clplasma. CONCLUSION: Extrarenal pathways of urea excretion are predominant in dogs with advanced CKD and justify exploring adjunctive therapies based on enteric nitrogen excretion in dogs. A trend toward increased urea generation may indicate increased catabolism in advanced CKD.

Gender-specific elimination of continuous-infusional 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies: results from a prospective population pharmacokinetic study

This study was initiated to assess the quantitative impact of patient anthropometrics and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) mutations on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and to explore limited sampling strategies of 5FU.