Validación de la versión española del cuestionario sobre la práctica basada en la evidencia en enfermería

Background: The lack of adequate instruments prevents the possibility of assessing the competence of health care staff in evidence-based decision making and further, the identification of areas for improvement with tailored strategies. The aim of this study is to report about the validation process in the Spanish context of the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) from Upton y Upton. Methods: A multicentre, cross-sectional, descriptive psychometric validation study was carried out. For cultural adaptation, a bidirectional translation was developed, accordingly to usual standards. The measuring model from the questionnaire was undergone to contrast, reproducing the original structure by Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA), including the reliability of factors. Results: Both EFA (57.545% of total variance explained) and CFA (chi2=2359,9555; gl=252; p<0.0001; RMSEA=0,1844; SRMR=0,1081), detected problems with items 7, 16, 22, 23 and 24, regarding to the original trifactorial version of EBPQ. After deleting some questions, a reduced version containing 19 items obtained an adequate factorial structure (62.29% of total variance explained), but the CFA did not fit well. Nevertheless, it was significantly better than the original version (chi2=673.1261; gl=149; p<0.0001; RMSEA=0.1196; SRMR=0.0648). Conclusions: The trifactorial model obtained good empiric evidence and could be used in our context, but the results invite to advance with further refinements into the factor “attitude”, testing it in more contexts and with more diverse professional profiles.

Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para medir conductas, conocimientos y actitudes sobre la higiene de las manos en personal sanitario en formacion.

Background: Hand hygiene in the health context is a complex behaviour. There have been rarely given the role of the knowledge and attitudes as predictors of hand hygiene behaviour. The main objective of this work is the description of the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene and the analysis of their measurement properties. Method: An instrument which was designed and validated a questionnaire. It was held in January 2009. It finally has had 50 items that assess risk behaviour intention before and after contact with the patient, declarative knowledge and attitudes about hand hygiene. It has been applied to 431 students of health sciences at the University of Granada. Results: There were three factor analysis, ultimately obtaining a general convergence value that explains 46.01% of the total variance and high reliability (a=0,843). There is correlation between knowledge and behavior intentions before and after patient contact (p <0.01).In turn, the attitude correlates only with behavioral intention before (p <0.05). The hand hygiene behavior refers to a higher mean after the completion of various health activities before the same (4.26 and 3.96 respectively). Both declarative knowledge and attitudes significantly predict behavioral intention, in particular the conduct before the contact with the patient (R2 = 0.100, standardized Beta 0.256 for knowledge and 0.145 for attitudes). Conclusions: The questionnaire shows high internal consistency. We have obtained a valid tool for assessing risk behavior, knowledge and attitudes about students’ hand hygiene in health sciences. The tool detects deficiencies in basic skills in students.

CoDa-dendrogram: A new exploratory too

The use of orthonormal coordinates in the simplex and, particularly, balance coordinates, has suggested the use of a dendrogram for the exploratory analysis of compositional data. The dendrogram is based on a sequential binary partition of a compositional vector into groups of parts. At each step of a partition, one group of parts isdivided into two new groups, and a balancing axis in the simplex between both groupsis defined. The set of balancing axes constitutes an orthonormal basis, and the projections of the sample on them are orthogonal coordinates. They can be represented in adendrogram-like graph showing: (a) the way of grouping parts of the compositional vector; (b) the explanatory role of each subcomposition generated in the partition process;(c) the decomposition of the total variance into balance components associated witheach binary partition; (d) a box-plot of each balance. This representation is useful tohelp the interpretation of balance coordinates; to identify which are the most explanatory coordinates; and to describe the whole sample in a single diagram independentlyof the number of parts of the sample

Le thème de la liberté chez Agyeya : l'apport de la fiction hindi à l'histoire intellectuelle de l'Inde moderne

Ce travail de doctorat a pour objet central l'usage du thème de la liberté dans les fictions narratives de l'auteur hindi S.H. Vatsyayan 'Agyeya' (1911-­-1987), plus précisément dans ses romans et nouvelles appartenant aux années 1936-­-1961, encadrant donc le double évènement capital pour l'histoire de l'Inde de son indépendance et de sa partition en août 1947. En basant sa recherche sur la littérature fictionnelle écrite en hindi, son objectif est de contribuer de manière féconde et novatrice à la connaissance de l'Inde moderne dans ses développements littéraires et intellectuels. La thèse de ce travail postule qu'une étude de textes fictionnels centrée sur l'analyse sémantique de la notion de « liberté » fournit, grâce à la polysémie de cette dernière et à ses multiples lexicalisations hindi (azadi, chu?kara, mukti, svadhinata, svaraj, svatantrata, etc.), une clé d'interprétation privilégiée de l'oeuvre d'Agyeya en particulier et de l'Inde moderne en général. La recherche effectuée à cette fin a été guidée par l'hypothèse suivante, à savoir que les sources fictionnelles hindi représentent, par rapport aux sources argumentatives et normatives habituellement utilisées en sciences humaines et sociales, un apport précieux de données culturelles concrètes à l'étude de l'Asie du Sud. La principale conclusion de ce travail est que la polysémie de la notion de « liberté » permet comme nulle autre de mettre en évidence le caractère foncièrement interdépendant des diverses composantes du social, dans ses dimensions politique et économique, religieuse et spirituelle, juridique et sociale, ou encore culturelle et artistique. Un deuxième résultat marquant de cette étude est la mise en lumière de l'importance grandissante qu'occupe l'individu dans la société indienne moderne. L'ouvrage débute par un chapitre introductif sur la méthode d'analyse adoptée et les critères ayant présidé à la sélection de la période, du genre textuel et de l'auteur. Le deuxième chapitre est précisément consacré à l'auteur ainsi qu'à son contexte historique et linguistique. Prolongeant cette partie de contextualisation, le troisième chapitre se concentre sur la notion de « liberté » dans l'Inde moderne en se penchant notamment sur les usages de cette notion chez quelques-­- unes de ses figures intellectuelles majeures (Aurobindo, Gandhi, Ambedkar, M.N. Roy, etc.). L'analyse chronologique et l'interprétation du thème de la liberté dans les oeuvres d'Agyeya forment la partie centrale du travail (chapitre 4). Le chapitre cinq élargit l'analyse aux essais d'Agyeya et propose un retour comparatif sur les oeuvres de l'écrivain avec ce qu'il est dit de la liberté au XXe s. chez les intellectuels indiens. La conclusion inclut une réflexion sur l'apport potentiel de cette notion aux études en sciences humaines et sociales. L'ouvrage se termine par les annexes contenant mes traductions de quelques textes emblématiques du développement de l'oeuvre d'Agyeya et par les références bibliographiques.

Construcción y validación del cuestionario G_Clinic para medir la satisfacción laboral en profesionales de enfermería de las unidades de gestión clínica.

BACKGROUND Job satisfaction of nurses is a determinant factor in the quality and organizational adaptation of clinical management models in the current socio-economic context. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to measure job satisfaction of nurses in the Clinical Management Units in the Andalusian Public Health System. METHODS Clinimetric and cross-sectional study with a sample of 314 nurses of two university hospitals from Seville. Nurses were surveyed in 2011, from March to June. We used the Font Roja questionnaire adapted to our study variables. We performed analyses of correlations, reliability and construct validity, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the a priori model. RESULTS The end questionnaire consists of 10 items, whose internal consistency was 0.75, with a percentage of variance explaining of 63.67%. CFA confirmed 4 dimensions (work environment, work relationships, motivation, and recognition): significant χ2 (p < .001); χ2/gl = 2.013; GFI= 0.958, RMR = 0.055 y RMSEA = 0.057; AGFI = 0.927, NFI = 0.878, TLI = 0.902, CFI =0.933 e IFI = 0.935; AIC = 132.486 y ECVI = 0.423. CONCLUSION This new questionnaire (G_Clinic) improves clinimetric values of the Font Roja questionnaire, because it reduces the number of items, improves the reliability of the dimensions, increases the value of variance explained, and allows knowing job satisfaction of nurses in clinical managementt.

El proyecto EMECAM: Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad. Antecedentes, participantes, objetivos y métodología.

In recent years, a growing number of studies suggests that increases in air pollution levels may have short-term impact on human health, even at pollution levels similar to or lower than those which have been considered to be safe to date. The different methodological approaches and the varying analysis techniques employed have made it difficult to make a direct comparison among all of the findings, preventing any clear conclusions from being drawn. This has led to multicenter projects such as the APHEA (Short-Term Impact of Air Pollution on Health. A European Approach) within a European Scope. The EMECAM Project falls within the context of the aforesaid multicenter studies and has a wide-ranging projection nationwide within Spain. Fourteen (14) cities throughout Spain were included in this Project (Barcelona, Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Seville, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria and Saragossa) representing different sociodemographic, climate and environmental situations, adding up to a total of nearly nine million inhabitants. The objective of the EMECAM project is that to asses the short-term impact of air pollution throughout all of the participating cities on the mortality for all causes, on the population and on individuals over age 70, for respiratory and cardiovascular design causes. For this purpose, with an ecological, the time series data analyzed taking the daily deaths, pollutants, temperature data and other factors taken from records kept by public institutions. The period of time throughout which this study was conducted, although not exactly the same for all of the cities involved, runs in all cases from 1990 to 1996. The degree of relationship measured by means of an autoregressive Poisson regression. In the future, the results of each city will be combined by means of a meta-analysis.

Disseny dels elements constitutius per adaptar un centre de mecanitzat de control numèric a la tecnologia Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF)

Un dels processos tradicionals de conformació de xapa més utilitzats a nivell industrial, degut a la seva rapidesa d’operació i la seva maduresa del procés, és l’embotició. Per a dur a terme aquest procés és necessària la construcció d’uns utillatges (matriu i punxó) per a cada tipus de producte. Aquests utillatges estan fabricats amb materials altament resistents ja que han de poder suportar càrregues molt importants durant la deformació. A més, s’han de garantir unes precisions dimensionals molt bones per tal d’evitar el xoc entre les dues parts de l’utillatge i per a assegurar que la peça obtinguda tingui les dimensions desitjades. Aquest fet implica que el procés d’obtenció de les matrius i punxons tingui un cost molt elevat i per a amortitzar-lo és necessari que la producció sigui en massa.L’objecte d’aquest projecte és adaptar el centre de mecanitzat Kondia HS1000 per tal de poder dur a terme recerca bàsica de la tecnologia de conformat incremental de xapa (ISF) en el Grup de Recerca en Enginyeria del Producte, Procés i Producció (GREP)

Etude des liens entre l'alexithymie, l'expérience dépressive et la dépendance interpersonnelle chez des sujets addictifs [Relationships between alexithymia, depression and interpersonal dependency in addictive subjects].

In the scientific literature, the term of addiction is currently used to describe a whole range of phenomena characterized by an irresistible urge to engage in a series of behaviors carried out in a repetitive and persistent manner despite accruing adverse somatic, psychological and social consequences for the individual. It has been suggested that subjects presenting such behaviors would share specific features of personality which support the appearance or are associated with these addictive behaviors. Dimensions such as alexithymia and depression have been particularly well investigated. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis of a specific psychopathological model relating alexithymia and depression in different addictive disorders such as alcoholism, drug addiction or eating disorders. Alexithymic and depressive dimensions were explored and analyzed through the statistical tool of path analysis in a large clinical sample of addicted patients and controls. The results of this statistical method, which tests unidirectional causal relationships between a certain number of observed variables, showed a good adjustment between the observed data and the ideal model, and support the hypothesis that a depressive dimension can facilitate the development of dependence in vulnerable alexithymic subjects. These results can have clinical implications in the treatment of addictive disorders.

"Il corpo de'pensieri" : la versificazione dei "Canti" leopardiani

L'objet de la thèse est l'étude de l'endecasillabo dans l'oeuvre poétique de Giacomo Leopardi. D'un point de vue méthodologique, ce travail s'appuie sur la recherche de Marco Praloran et Arnaldo Soldani dédiée à l'endecasillabo de Pétrarque. L'auteur a comparé les Canti de Leopardi avec la production des plus grands écrivains de la fin du XIXème siècle et du début du XXème siècle Melchiorre Cesarotti (Poesie di Ossian), Giuseppe Parini (Il Mattino), Vittorio Alfieri (Le Rime e il Saul), Vincenzo Monti (l'ouvre poétique), Ugo Foscolo (Le Rime) et Alessandro Manzoni (l'oeuvre poétique). Nous avons là un répertoire de plusieurs milliers de vers qui ont été scandés non pas par l'intermédiaire d'un ordinateur, mais un à un en fonction de leur intonation. La première partie de la thèse est dédiée à l'analyse du rythme des différents auteurs, à des statistiques générales qui permettent de comparer ces données entre elles et avec les anciens auteurs italiens tels Dante, Pétrarque, Arioste, etc. De cette façon, nous pouvons avoir une vision globale de la prosodie italienne des origines jusqu'au XIXème siècle -vision qui permet de focaliser de manière exhaustive la technique de Leopardi. Dans la deuxième partie, l'auteur propose texte après texte la scansion de toute l'oeuvre poétique de Leopardi. Nous avons donc une lecture interprétative du rythíne de tous les poèmes qui tient compte de l'année de composition et les différentes typologies métriques des textes : par exemple, les canzoni, les idilli, les canti pisano-recanatesi. Dans cette deuxième partie, il faut souligner l'effort de lier la partition du rythme au contenu des différents textes.

Spanning tests in return and stochastic discount factor mean-variance frontiers: A unifying approach

We propose new spanning tests that assess if the initial and additional assets share theeconomically meaningful cost and mean representing portfolios. We prove their asymptoticequivalence to existing tests under local alternatives. We also show that unlike two-step oriterated procedures, single-step methods such as continuously updated GMM yield numericallyidentical overidentifyng restrictions tests, so there is arguably a single spanning test.To prove these results, we extend optimal GMM inference to deal with singularities in thelong run second moment matrix of the influence functions. Finally, we test for spanningusing size and book-to-market sorted US stock portfolios.

Algunos factores que inciden en el rendimiento y en la evaluación de los alumnos en las PAAU

The context where the university admissions exams are performed is presented and the main concerns about this exams are outlined and discussed from a statistical point of view. The paper offers an illustration of the use of random coefficient models in the study of educational data. The association between two individual scores (one internal and the other external to the school) and the effect of the school in the external exam is analized by a regression model with random intercept and fixed slope. A variance component model for the analysis of the grading process is also presented. The paper ends with an outline of the main findings and the presentation of some specific proposals to improve and control the equity of the system. Some pedagogic reflections are also included.

El nuevo método para la determinación de la fecundidad de la Sardina peruana (Sardinops sagax)

La fecundidad de la sardina peruana, Sardinops sagax, fue determinada por primera vez contando el número de ovoci­tos hidratados. El análisis de varianza mostró que las diferencias entre submuestras tomadas de diferentes áreas del ovario fueron en unos casos significativas al nivel del 5%. Estas diferencias son insignificantes a nivel de la población tomando en consideración la alta variación de la fecundidad entre diferentes hembras del mismo peso.

Variance reduction methods for simulation of densities on Wiener space

We develop a general error analysis framework for the Monte Carlo simulationof densities for functionals in Wiener space. We also study variancereduction methods with the help of Malliavin derivatives. For this, wegive some general heuristic principles which are applied to diffusionprocesses. A comparison with kernel density estimates is made.