An extended interval dosing method for gentamicin in neonates

Traditional gentamicin dosing every 8–24 h depending on age and weight in neonates does not provide the ideal concentration–time profile to both optimize the concentration-dependent killing by aminoglycosides and minimize toxicity. Fifty-three neonates were audited prospectively while receiving gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg every 8–24 h, aiming for peak concentrations (Cmax) of 6–10 mg/L and trough concentrations (Cmin) 10 mg/L after the first dose. The mean area under the concentration versus time curve AUC0–24 was 93 mg•h/L (target = 100 mg•h/L). The extended interval dosing achieved higher Cmax values while ensuring that overall exposure per 24 h was acceptable. Prospective testing of the method demonstrated good predictive ability.

Effect of periparturient diseases accompanied by excessive vulval discharge and weaning to mating interval on sow reproductive performance

Objective To evaluate the effect of periparturient disease accompanied by vulval discharge, and weaning-to-mating intervals, on sow fertility and litter size. Design Reproductive data were collected and analysed from 19 Hungarian swine herds over a 4 year period. Conception rates, farrowing rates and litter sizes of sows with periparturient disease accompanied by vulval discharge were used to evaluate the relationship between duration of vulval discharge and subsequent fertility and litter size. The possibility of interactions between weaning-to-mating intervals and duration of vulval discharges was investigated to determine if there was any effect on subsequent fertility and litter size. Results and conclusions Both parity 1 and parity 2 to 8 sows having had periparturient disease accompanied by vulval discharge in excess of 6 days duration had significantly (P < 0.001) lower subsequent fertility (conception, farrowing and adjusted farrowing rates) compared with sows of similar parity where the duration of vulval discharge was < 4 or 4 to 6 days. There was no difference in fertility rates between sows, in both parity categories, with vulval discharge for < 4 days compared with 4 to 6 days. A duration of vulval discharge in excess of 6 days in parity 1 sows significantly reduced litter size (total born and live-born) in subsequent farrowings, but not in parity 2 to 8 sows. There was no interaction between the duration of vulval discharge and post-weaning to mating intervals. However sows with weaning to mating intervals between 7 and 10 days had smaller (P < 0.001) subsequent litter sizes compared with 3 to 6 or 11 to 14 day intervals. It was concluded that the duration of vulval discharge in excess of 6 days was an indication of a severe persistent endometritis adversely affecting fertility of sows.

Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of three different high-intensity interval training (HIT) regimens on endurance performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Methods: Before, and after 2 and 4 wk of training, 38 cyclists and triathletes (mean +/- SD; age = 25 +/- 6 yr; mass = 75 +/- 7 kg; (V)over dot O-2peak = 64.5 +/- 5.2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) performed: 1) a progressive cycle test to measure peak oxygen consumption ((V)over dotO(2peak)) and peak aerobic power output (PPO), 2) a time to exhaustion test (T-max) at their (V)over dotO(2peak) power output (P-max), as well as 3) a 40-kin time-trial (TT40). Subjects were matched and assigned to one of four training groups (G(1), N = 8, 8 X 60% T-max P-max, 1:2 work:recovery ratio; G(2), N = 9, 8 X 60% T-max at P-max, recovery at 65% HRmax; G(3), N = 10, 12 X 30 s at 175% PPO, 4.5-min recovery; G(CON), N = 11). In addition to G(1) G(2), and G(3) performing HIT twice per week, all athletes maintained their regular low-intensity training throughout the experimental period. Results: All HIT groups improved TT40 performance (+4.4 to +5.8%) and PPO (+3.0 to +6.2%) significantly more than G(CON) (-0.9 to + 1.1 %; P < 0.05). Furthermore, G(1) (+5.4%) and G(2) (+8.1%) improved their (V)over dot O-2peak significantly more than G(CON) (+ 1.0%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study has shown that when HIT incorporates P-max as the interval intensity and 60% of T-max as the interval duration, already highly trained cyclists can significantly improve their 40-km time trial performance. Moreover, the present data confirm prior research, in that repeated supramaximal HIT can significantly improve 40-km time trial performance.

Synaptic vesicle transport and synaptic membrane transporter sites in excitatory amino acid nerve terminals in Alzheimer disease

The apparent L-[H-3]glutamate uptake rate (v') was measured in synaptic vesicles isolated from cerebral cortex synaptosomes prepared from autopsied Alzheimer and non-Alzheimer dementia cases, and age-matched controls. The initial synaptosome preparations exhibited similar densities of D-[H-3]aspartate membrane binding sites (B-MAX values) in the three groups. In control brain the temporal cortex D-[H-3]aspartate B-MAX was 132% of that in motor cortex, parallel with the L- [H-3]glutamate v' values (temporal = 139% of motor; NS). Unlike D- [H-3]aspartate B-MAX values, L- [H-3]glutamate v' values were markedly and selectively lower in Alzheimer brain preparations than in controls, particularly in temporal cortex. The difference could not be attributed to differential effects of autopsy interval or age at death. Non-Alzheimer dementia cases resembled controls. The selective loss of vesicular glutamate transport is consistent with a dysfunction in the recycling of transmitter glutamate.

Rock fracture mean trace length estimation and confidence interval calculation using maximum likelihood methods

There has been a resurgence of interest in the mean trace length estimator of Pahl for window sampling of traces. The estimator has been dealt with by Mauldon and Zhang and Einstein in recent publications. The estimator is a very useful one in that it is non-parametric. However, despite some discussion regarding the statistical distribution of the estimator, none of the recent works or the original work by Pahl provide a rigorous basis for the determination a confidence interval for the estimator or a confidence region for the estimator and the corresponding estimator of trace spatial intensity in the sampling window. This paper shows, by consideration of a simplified version of the problem but without loss of generality, that the estimator is in fact the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and that it can be considered essentially unbiased. As the MLE, it possesses the least variance of all estimators and confidence intervals or regions should therefore be available through application of classical ML theory. It is shown that valid confidence intervals can in fact be determined. The results of the work and the calculations of the confidence intervals are illustrated by example. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Induction in the timed interval calculus

The Timed Interval Calculus, a timed-trace formalism based on set theory, is introduced. It is extended with an induction law and a unit for concatenation, which facilitates the proof of properties over trace histories. The effectiveness of the extended Timed Interval Calculus is demonstrated via a benchmark case study, the mine pump. Specifically, a safety property relating to the operation of a mine shaft is proved, based on an implementation of the mine pump and assumptions about the environment of the mine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

An Australian PR state?

In their 1994 study Taxation and Representation, Deacon and Golding point to the extensive use of press and public relations professionals by governments to promote policy, and to outmanouvre their opponents. With the UK specifically in mind, they warn: 'we cannot ignore the massive expansion of the public relations state.' (p.6). What distinguishes their approach from the more usual preoccupation with the use of 'spin' to 'package' political leaders is a focus on the institutionalisation of public relations within government. In this paper, I explore the utililty of the concept, and consider what the broad features of an Australian 'PR State' might be.

Sistema de pr??-qualifica????o de marcas e produtos m??dico-hospitalares do Inca

Para garantir a seguran??a no tratamento dos pacientes e aos profissionais de sa??de, foi criado o ???Sistema especial para pr??-qualifica????o de marcas e produtos??? para participa????o em licita????es de materiais hospitalares no Inca, devido ?? peculiaridade do paciente oncol??gico

Implanta????o do pr??-atendimento na ag??ncia dos correios Adolfina de Pinheiros em S??o Paulo

A experi??ncia da Diretoria Regional de S??o Paulo Metropolitana dos Correios objetiva implementar melhoria em um dos seus principais processos: o atendimento nas ag??ncias. Dentro do contexto de gest??o pela qualidade total, destacamos o programa de ger??ncia da rotina e gerenciamento de melhorias (revis??o de processos), cujas ferramentas nortearam o nosso projeto. Nas ag??ncias, em decorr??ncia dos diversos produtos e servi??os que a ECT comercializa, faz-se necess??ria a gest??o das filas para que o tempo de espera excessivo n??o ocasione a insatisfa????o dos clientes. Com a implanta????o do pr??-atendimento em guich?? espec??fico, na ag??ncia Adolfina de Pinheiros, houve uma redu????o significativa do tempo de espera na fila, servindo como modelo para implanta????o em outras ag??ncias dos Correios. Al??m de atender ?? necessidade do cliente, estabelecida na matriz do QFD (Desdobramento da Fun????o Qualidade) do sistema de gest??o da qualidade da ECT, o projeto objetiva tornar a rotina de trabalho dos atendentes de guich?? mais f??cil, racional e produtiva

Sistema georreferenciado de monitoramento e apoio ?? decis??o da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica (Geo/PR)

Trata-se de um sistema desenvolvido para integrar informa????es em base georreferenciada e textual de diversos ??rg??os p??blicos, a fim de possibilitar an??lises gerenciais, a atua????o estrat??gica e a decis??o ministerial sobre a concess??o de ato de assentimento pr??vio, de acordo com a Lei no 6.634/79. Ao possibilitar o cruzamento de informa????es de diversos bancos de dados, em raz??o da especialidade do Gabinete de Seguran??a Institucional da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica (GSI/PR), o sistema oportuniza o diagn??stico de incongru??ncias e conflitos de atividades entre ??rg??os da Administra????o P??blica Federal indireta e o indicativo da situa????o fundi??ria do Pa??s, tanto no aspecto territorial quanto no da riqueza mineral e respectivos interessados em sua explora????o. O sistema permite que os bancos ???conversem entre si???, o que o torna um marco na hist??ria da gest??o p??blica federal, por possibilitar o conhecimento do nosso territ??rio em tempo real, com informa????es confi??veis, precisas e amig??veis geradas em banco de dados textuais associados a uma base cartogr??fica digital composta por mapas digitalizados, fotografias a??reas e imagens de sat??lites

Cadastramento de pr??-projetos pela internet

O Cadastramento de Pr??-Projetos pela Internet agiliza e simplifica a apresenta????o de propostas de projetos com vistas ?? realiza????o de conv??nios e de outros instrumentos similares com o Minist??rio da Sa??de. As propostas s??o cadastradas na p??gina do Fundo Nacional de Sa??de (FNS), no endere??o www.fns.saude.gov.br, o que facilita as an??lises e rotinas pertinentes. Esse processo caracteriza a busca cont??nua de melhorias na qualidade dos servi??os prestados pelo FNS, o que resulta em comprometimento do usu??rio na consecu????o do projeto. Dentre os principais benef??cios obtidos, destacam-se a redu????o de custos na elabora????o de projetos para propostas eventualmente n??o aprovadas e o amplo acesso ??s institui????es, de todo o Brasil, candidatas a financiamentos no Minist??rio da Sa??de

Protocolos assistenciais como estrat??gia de ades??o ??s melhores pr??ticas cl??nicas e otimiza????o de recursos

Este trabalho descreve a metodologia para desenvolvimento, implementa????o e avalia????o dos protocolos assistenciais no Hospital de Cl??nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), concebida para duas fases: fase I: elabora????o dos protocolos e implementa????o em material impresso e fase II: adapta????o para sistema informatizado e concep????o de um software para acompanhamento dos protocolos assistenciais. Na avalia????o foram considerados indicadores cl??nico-assistenciais espec??ficos para cada patologia e percep????o dos m??dicos residentes desta ferramenta

Avalia????o das pr??ticas de gest??o do conhecimento na ag??ncia nacional de telecomunica????es

A Gest??o do Conhecimento ?? de suma import??ncia para as organiza????es em que o conhecimento desempenha papel essencial. Nesses casos, o conhecimento afeta o trabalho e determina mudan??as irrevers??veis, tanto na vida das organiza????es como das pessoas que l?? trabalham. Este estudo analisa o processo de planejamento, implementa????o e desenvolvimento de pr??ticas de gest??o do conhecimento na Anatel, Ag??ncia Nacional de Telecomunica????es. ?? orientado por uma abordagem te??rica que foca, particularmente, na sociedade em rede (Castells, 1999) e nas dimens??es da Gest??o do Conhecimento (Angeloni, 2008). Um grupo de servidores da Anatel foi entrevistado e responderam a um question??rio com o objetivo de se avaliar sua familiaridade com pr??ticas de Gest??o do Conhecimento. A inclus??o da Gest??o do Conhecimento como t??pico da nova vers??o do Regimento Interno da Ag??ncia foi examinada, para verificar se representa passo estrat??gico para sua ado????o pela Ag??ncia. O estudo avalia a motiva????o para a ado????o da Gest??o do Conhecimento, investiga a ocorr??ncia de pr??ticas de Gest??o do Conhecimento na Anatel, bem como o est??gio de sua implementa????o e o alcance de sua ado????o entre os usu??rios da Ag??ncia e pela sociedade em geral. Finalmente, o estudo analisa se as iniciativas j?? tomadas para implementar a Gest??o do Conhecimento s??o consistentes com as diretrizes estabelecidas no novo Regimento Interno e se tais a????es s??o coordenadas de forma a promover a efic??cia da Gest??o do Conhecimento na Anatel

An??lise das pr??ticas de gest??o dos empreendimentos de urbaniza????o do Departamento de Urbaniza????o de Assentamentos Prec??rios (DUAP) do governo federal ?? luz de metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as pr??ticas de gest??o dos empreendimentos de Urbaniza????o do Departamento de Urbaniza????o de Assentamentos Prec??rios (DUAP), unidade organizacional integrante da estrutura da Secretaria Nacional de Habita????o do Minist??rio das Cidades, ?? luz de metodologia de gerenciamento de projetos. O referencial te??rico utilizado baseou-se, essencialmente, no Guia PMBOK 4?? Edi????o, que ?? um guia consagrado em n??vel internacional que re??ne as melhores pr??ticas reconhecidas na ??rea de gerenciamento de projetos, com base em experi??ncias diversas de empresas de distintos ramos, p??blicas ou privadas. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, apresentou-se uma perspectiva hist??rica das pol??ticas federais para os assentamentos prec??rios no Brasil e informa????es institucionais relacionadas ?? unidade, de forma a auxiliar na compreens??o de suas atribui????es e de seu funcionamento. Para o levantamento das pr??ticas de gest??o realizou-se entrevista direcionada aos monitores dos empreendimentos e aos gerentes do DUAP. O referencial te??rico forneceu base conceitual para realiza????o das an??lises relacionadas ??s informa????es institucionais do Departamento e aos dados obtidos por meio das entrevistas realizadas. A pesquisa possibilitou perceber que as pr??ticas de gest??o dos empreendimentos de Urbaniza????o do Departamento poderiam, em alguns aspectos, passar por um processo de revis??o e aprimoramento tendo como objetivo estabelecer procedimentos gerenciais espec??ficos que auxiliem no desenvolvimento da atividade de monitorar os empreendimentos de Urbaniza????o e, conseq??entemente, na execu????o das interven????es propostas por tais projetos