A democratização da educação no município de Sarandi, Paraná: as diretrizes educacionais do governo do PT (2001-2008)

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

The Digital Divide in the University: The Appropriation of ICT in Higher Education Students from Bogota, Colombia

The growth and integration of ICTs in the global economy have created conditions that profoundly affect our society, dividing communities between those who effectively appropriate these resources and those who do not, what is called the digital divide. This exploratory study seeks to propose and validate ways of assessing this phenomenon in higher education, from the construction of a model and a comprehensive methodology that value contextual conditions, in addition to measuring access factors and motivation for use, that have been employed in previous research. To obtain indications about the behavior of this phenomenon, we developed research with students from three universities in Bogota, administering 566 surveys in four phases that would test the variables proposed in the model. The results show that the variables of the model link causally, with the strongest relations between education, attitude towards ICTs and ICT application. Although students have good access to ICTs and high levels of education, no strong relationship was found in regards to perceived impact on production. This may be explained by a superficial appropriation of ICT, due to a context that is alien to its conditions of origin (industrialism, innovation), poor quality of education and economies not centered around R&D.

Estimates of life expectancy gains from reducing/eliminating major causes of death in the USA: An update analysis for population in 2001--2008

Evaluation of the impact of a disease on life expectancy is an important part of public health. Potential gains in life expectancy (PGLE) that can properly take into account the competing risks are an effective indicator for measuring the impact of the multiple causes of death. This study aimed to measure the PGLEs from reducing/eliminating the major causes of death in the USA from 2001 to 2008. To calculate the PGLEs due to the elimination of specific causes of death, the age-specific mortality rates for heart disease, malignant neoplasms, Alzheimer disease, kidney diseases and HIV/AIDS and life table constructing data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, and the multiple decremental life tables were constructed. The PGLEs by elimination of heart disease, malignant neoplasms or HIV/AIDS continued decreasing from 2001 to 2008, but the PGLE by elimination of Alzheimer's disease or kidney diseases revealed increased trends. The PGLEs (by years) for all race, male, female, white, white male, white female, black, black male and black female at birth by complete elimination of heart disease 2001–2008 were 0.336–0.299, 0.327–0.301, 0.344–0.295, 0.360–0.315, 0.349–0.317, 0.371–0.316,0.278–0.251, 0.272–0.255, and 0.282–0.246 respectively. Similarly, the PGLEs (by years) for all race, male, female, white, white male, white female, black, black male and black female at birth by complete elimination of malignant neoplasms, Alzheimer's disease, kidney disease or HIV/AIDS 2001–2008 were also uncovered, respectively. Most diseases affect specific population, such as, HIV/AIDS tends to have a greater impact on people of working age, heart disease and malignant neoplasms have a greater impact on people over 65 years of age, but Alzheimer's disease and kidney diseases have a greater impact on people over 75 years of age. To measure the impact of these diseases on life expectancy in people of working age, partial multiple decremental life tables were constructed and the PGLEs were computed by partial or complete elimination of various causes of death during the working years. Thus, the results of the study outlined a picture of how each single disease could affect the life expectancy in age-, race-, or sex-specific population in USA. Therefore, the findings would not only assist to evaluate current public health improvements, but also provide useful information for future research and disease control programs.^

Barrio La Cecilia, Bogota, Colombia

El barrio de "La Cecilia" es un barrio ilegal por encontrarse en un terreno protegido, por lo tanto es necesario frenar la expansión y generar un nievo límite. En paralelo la ausencia de equipamientos y de espacio público, unido a un saneamiento sanitario existente precario hacen que no se cumplan los criterios de Habitabilidad Básica en el barrio. El proyecto que se propone plantea, aprovechando el plan de intervención en el espacio protegido de los Cerros Orientales, la creación de un nuevo parque lineal de acceso al río que genere un nuevo límite para evitar la expansión. El nuevo equipamiento estará relacionado directamente con las actividades del parque ya que será un reflejo de la percepción de los visitantes del reformado entorno natural. Por otro lado se plantea una nueva ordenanza que regule las futuras construcciones dentro del barrio y se propone una renovación del sistema de saneamiento urbano basado en un biosistema.

Address before the second plenary session of the Ninth International Conference of American States, Bogotá, Colombia, April 1, 1948.

Mode of access: Internet.

A youth vision of the city: The socio-spatial lives and exclusion of street girls in Bogota, Colombia

This dissertation documents the everyday lives and spaces of a population of youth typically constructed as out of place, and the broader urban context in which they are rendered as such. Thirty-three female and transgender street youth participated in the development of this youth-based participatory action research (YPAR) project utilizing geo-ethnographic methods, auto-photography, and archival research throughout a six-phase, eighteen-month research process in Bogotá, Colombia. ^ This dissertation details the participatory writing process that enabled the YPAR research team to destabilize dominant representations of both street girls and urban space and the participatory mapping process that enabled the development of a youth vision of the city through cartographic images. The maps display individual and aggregate spatial data indicating trends within and making comparisons between three subgroups of the research population according to nine spatial variables. These spatial data, coupled with photographic and ethnographic data, substantiate that street girls’ mobilities and activity spaces intersect with and are altered by state-sponsored urban renewal projects and paramilitary-led social cleansing killings, both efforts to clean up Bogotá by purging the city center of deviant populations and places. ^ Advancing an ethical approach to conducting research with excluded populations, this dissertation argues for the enactment of critical field praxis and care ethics within a YPAR framework to incorporate young people as principal research actors rather than merely voices represented in adultist academic discourse. Interjection of considerations of space, gender, and participation into the study of street youth produce new ways of envisioning the city and the role of young people in research. Instead of seeing the city from a panoptic view, Bogotá is revealed through the eyes of street youth who participated in the construction and feminist visualization of a new cartography and counter-map of the city grounded in embodied, situated praxis. This dissertation presents a socially responsible approach to conducting action-research with high-risk youth by documenting how street girls reclaim their right to the city on paper and in practice; through maps of their everyday exclusion in Bogotá followed by activism to fight against it.^

Breeding success and traits of equal and unequal pairs of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) on Phillip Island during 2001-2008

According to life-history theory, individuals optimize their decisions in order to maximize their fitness. This raises a conflict between parents, which need to cooperate to ensure the propagation of their genes but at the same time need to minimize the associated costs. Trading-off between benefits and costs of a reproduction is one of the major forces driving demographic trends and has shaped several different parental care strategies. Using little penguins (Eudyptula minor) as a model, we investigated whether individuals of a pair provide equal parental effort when raising offspring and whether their behavior was consistent over 8 years of contrasting resource availability. Using an automated identification system, we found that 72% of little penguin pairs exhibited unforced (i.e., that did not result from desertion of 1 parent) unequal partnership through the postguard stage. This proportion was lower in favorable years. Although being an equal pair appeared to be a better strategy, it was nonetheless the least often observed. Individuals that contributed less than their partner were not less experienced (measured by age), and gender did not explain differences between partners. Furthermore, birds that contributed little or that contributed a lot tended to be consistent in their level of contribution across years. We suggest that unequal effort during breeding may reflect differences in individual quality, and we encourage future studies on parental care to consider this consistent low and high contributor behavior when investigating differences in pair investment into its offspring. Key words: attendance patterns, individual quality, meal size, parental care, reproductive costs, seabirds.

Sistema para el seguimiento y control del plan de desarrollo del municipio de Yacopi Cundinamarca “orden y progreso 2012-2015” bajo los lineamientos del PMI

Tesis (Maestría en Ingeniería).-- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Maestría en Ingeniería, 2014

Etica y desarrollo economico

La dignidad humana requiere que el hombre actúe por convicción interna personal y no por coacción externa o por mero impulso interior. Para Erick Fromm la expresión “obraré de acuerdo con mi conciencia” es la aseveración más formidable que el hombre puede hacer, pues es la conciencia humana la que le distingue, o debiera distinguirlo.

Desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestar material en Navarra: estudio poblacional de seguimiento 2001-2008

Fundamento. Mostrar las desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestar material en Navarra. Método. Todos los ciudadanos menores de 75 años residentes en Navarra en 2001 fueron seguidos durante 7 años para conocer su estado vital. El indicador de posición socioeconómica usado ha sido la superficie de la casa y el número de vehículos del hogar. Se han estimado las tasas de mortalidad general y por causa de muerte ajustadas por edad según estos indicadores. Resultados. La razón de tasas por todas las causas de muerte en las categorías inferiores es según la superficie de la vivienda de 1,14 (IC 95%: 1,05-1,24) y 1,25 (IC 95%: 1,18-1,32) en mujeres y hombres respectivamente y de 1,46 (IC 95%: 1,36-1,57) y 1,97 (IC 95%: 1,89-2,05) según el número de vehículos. El sida es la causa de muerte que presenta una mayor diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad entre las personas con menor y mayor bienestar material. Otras causas de muerte con elevada diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad son las enfermedades digestivas y la diabetes mellitus en mujeres y las enfermedades del aparato digestivo y respiratorio en hombres. Conclusiones. La tasa de mortalidad en la población navarra muestra un gradiente inverso con el bienestar material, a excepción de algunas localizaciones de cáncer. Este gradiente es mayor entre los hombres que entre las mujeres.

Descripción de la situación epidemiológica de la rabia humana y animal en Colombia entre 2008 y 2013

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria