Biostratigraphic Evidence Relating to the Age-Old Question of Hannibal's Invasion of Italy, I: History and Geological Reconstruction

Controversy over the alpine route that Hannibal of Carthage followed from the Rhône Basin into Italia has raged amongst classicists and ancient historians for over two millennia. The motivation for identifying the route taken by the Punic Army through the Alps lies in its potential for identifying sites of historical archaeological significance and for the resolution of one of history's most enduring quandaries. Here, we present stratigraphic, geochemical and microbiological evidence recovered from an alluvial floodplain mire located below the Col de la Traversette (~3000 m asl-above sea level) on the French/Italian border that potentially identifies the invasion route as the one originally proposed by Sir Gavin de Beer (de Beer 1974). The dated layer is termed the MAD bed (mass animal deposition) based on disrupted bedding, greatly increased organic carbon and key/specialized biological components/compounds, the latter reported in Part II of this paper. We propose that the highly abnormal churned up (bioturbated) bed was contaminated by the passage of Hannibal's animals, possibly thousands, feeding and watering at the site, during the early stage of Hannibal's invasion of Italia (218 bc).

An historical catalogue of portraits, representing distinguished persons in the history and literature of the United Kingdom.

Catalog of an exhibition held at the British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom.

The history and value of the elephant in Sri Lankan society

Reviews the literature to provide an overview of the historical significance of the elephant in Sri Lankan society, an association which dates back more than 4,000 years. The present status of this relationship assessed on the basis of the findings of a recent study undertaken on the total economic value of elephants in Sri Lanka. This paper, first briefly outlines the history, evolution, nature and their distribution of the Asian elephant while providing some insights on the status of the elephant (Elephas maxima maxima) in Sri Lanka. Next, it reviews the literature in order to assess the historical affiliation that the elephant has maintained with the Sri Lankan society, its culture, history, mythology and religion. The empirical evidence on the economic value of conservation of the remaining elephant population in Sri Lanka is reviewed and the Sri Lankan people’s attitudes towards conserving this species of wildlife. Literature reviewed and analysis undertaken indicates that the elephant in Sri Lanka, still, as in the past has a special place in Sri Lankan society, particularly, in its culture, religion and value system. Thus, there is a strong case for ensuring the survival of wild elephant population in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, it also suggests that the community as a whole will experience a net benefit from ensuring the survival of wild elephants in Sri Lanka.

The morphology, systematics, and evolution of the Old World treefrogs (Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae)

v.57(1970)

How life history and demography promote or inhibit the evolution of helping behaviours.

In natural populations, dispersal tends to be limited so that individuals are in local competition with their neighbours. As a consequence, most behaviours tend to have a social component, e.g. they can be selfish, spiteful, cooperative or altruistic as usually considered in social evolutionary theory. How social behaviours translate into fitness costs and benefits depends considerably on life-history features, as well as on local demographic and ecological conditions. Over the last four decades, evolutionists have been able to explore many of the consequences of these factors for the evolution of social behaviours. In this paper, we first recall the main theoretical concepts required to understand social evolution. We then discuss how life history, demography and ecology promote or inhibit the evolution of helping behaviours, but the arguments developed for helping can be extended to essentially any social trait. The analysis suggests that, on a theoretical level, it is possible to contrast three critical benefit-to-cost ratios beyond which costly helping is selected for (three quantitative rules for the evolution of altruism). But comparison between theoretical results and empirical data has always been difficult in the literature, partly because of the perennial question of the scale at which relatedness should be measured under localized dispersal. We then provide three answers to this question.

Isolated congenital atrioventricular block diagnosed in utero: natural history and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Isolated congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB) diagnosed in utero is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Prognosis is especially poor when heart rate drops below 55 beats per minute (bpm) and when fetal hydrops develops. We describe the natural history and outcome of 24 infants with isolated CAVB diagnosed in utero, review the literature, and assess the risk factors that could predict outcome. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter study of 24 patients with isolated CAVB diagnosed in utero. RESULTS: CAVB was detected at a mean gestational age (GA) of 24.7 +/- 5.1 weeks. Ten fetuses initially presented with complete heart block. Low heart rate or incomplete heart block was the first documentation of bradyarrhythmia in the other 14 fetuses. In 11 of them, CAVB developed during pregnancy after a median time of 3 (range 1-16) weeks. Fetal hydrops developed in 10 of 24 (42%) fetuses at a mean GA of 27.6 +/- 5.1 weeks. Hydropic fetuses showed lower heart rates during pregnancy (47 +/- 10 bpm) than non-hydropic fetuses (57 +/- 10 bpm). There were three intrauterine deaths; all were hydropic and female. Nine viable females and 12 males were born at a mean GA of 37.1 +/- 6.1 weeks with an average birth weight of 3097 +/- 852 g. Fifteen CAVB patients required pacemaker (PM) intervention, 10 of them immediately after birth. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) developed in three infants of whom two died of congestive heart failure, shortly after the diagnosis was made; one is still alive. Mortality before or after birth was 21%, and was associated with heart rates below 50 bpm and development of fetal hydrops. Poor outcome, defined as death, PM implantation, or development of DCM, occurred in 83% of cases and was associated with heart rates below 60 bpm during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated CAVB diagnosed in utero is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop fetal hydrops show lower heart rates during pregnancy than patients who do not. A fetal heart rate below 50 bpm and development of fetal hydrops is associated with increased mortality. Rates below 60 bpm are associated with PM requirement and/or DCM.

Epibulbar osseous choristoma: a clinicopathological case series and review of the literature [Epibulbäre knöcherne Choristome: eine klinisch-pathologische Fallserie und Überblick der Literatur]

BACKGROUND: Choristomas are benign, congenital tumours composed of normal tissue in an abnormal location. Osseous choristomas represent the rarest form of epibulbar choristomas, with now 65 cases reported in the literature. We did a retrospective clinicopathological study of all patients with epibulbar osseous choristoma observed at our institution since 1982 and updated the last review of the literature. HISTORY AND SIGNS: Three Caucasian male patients, aged between 3 months and 11 years, were identified. All osseous choristomas were located under the superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva of the right eye. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: All lesions were managed with surgical excision. Histopathology revealed the presence of lamellar bone in all cases, one of which was associated with a dermolipoma. CONCLUSIONS: We report a small rare case series of 3 epibulbar osseous choristomas and did a review of the literature. In one patient, the osteoma was associated with a dermolipoma, corresponding to the fourth reported complex choristoma of this type, in an otherwise normal eye, in the literature.

Iowa History and Culture : A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986, 1989

This bibliography was compiled by two reference librarians, Patricia Dawson and David Hudson with the goal of making it easier of tracking down material on Iowa history and culture. This supplements the Iowa History Reference Guide published in 1952 by William Petersen.

Epibulbar osseous choristomaa clinicopathological case series and review of the literature

Background:¦Choristomas are benign, congenital tumours composed of normal tissue in an¦abnormal location. Osseous choristomas represent the rarest form of epibulbar choristomas,¦with now 65 cases reported in the literature. We did a retrospective clinicopathological study¦of all patients with epibulbar osseous choristoma observed at our institution since 1982 and¦updated the last review of the literature.¦History and Signs:¦Three Caucasian male patients, aged between 3 months and 11 years,¦were identified. All osseous choristomas were located under the superotemporal bulbar¦conjunctiva of the right eye.¦Therapy and Outcome:¦All lesions were managed with surgical excision. Histopathology¦revealed the presence of lamellar bone in all cases, one of which was associated with a¦dermolipoma.¦Conclusions:¦We report a small rare case series of 3 epibulbar osseous choristomas and did a¦review of the literature. In one patient, the osteoma was associated with a dermolipoma,¦corresponding to the fourth reported complex choristoma of this type, in an otherwise normal¦eye, in the literature.

Packing house workers with Old Mission Brand crates and oranges, Covina, California, 1907

Packing house workers with Old Mission Brand crates and oranges, Covina, California, 1907. [Label: Old Mission Brand, Frank M. Chapman, Covina, California]

Remarks and criticism on the Hon. John Quincy Adams's letter to the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis

Printed by Joshua Cushing

History and Theorizing: The Case of Winemaking in the Ontario Wine Industry

Despite the fact that theorization has been established as an important social mechanism in a variety of contexts, little research has explicated how this process works. I argue that theorization entails strategic constructions of history, or rhetorical history, in order to persuade audiences of legitimacy. I examine the role that history plays in actors’ theorizations of the Ontario wine industry as world class. By conducting a rhetorical analysis of the newsletters and websites of Ontario wineries, I find that various themes of history are routinely employed to re-theorize the industry as one that produces world class wines. In general, the findings suggest that the narratives of Ontario wineries tap into global repertoires of fine wine to portray the continuity of current practices with those of Old World winemaking. In addition, wineries sometimes tap into local histories to convey a sense of uniqueness, but they also obscure the history of poor winemaking in the region.