Uma abordagem para gestão de conteúdos educacionais

A utilização da Web como plataforma para a educação a distância (e-learning), tem sido uma das grandes alternativas para a educação em sala de aula tradicional. Embora esses sistemas sejam amplamente utilizados, existem limitações quanto à dificuldade de busca, integração e reuso dos materiais existentes. Neste contexto, neste trabalho é apresentada uma arquitetura multiagente para o desenvolvimento de sistemas Web semânticos para a gestão de conteúdos educacionais – SWSGC, onde de acordo com os requisitos do usuário são propostos os conteúdos educacionais (OAs) do curso. Tais conteúdos são recuperados de repositórios heterogêneos de OAs, anotados mediante padrões de metadados educacionais e ontologias de domínio. Esta arquitetura proposta visa automatizar atividades relacionadas à gestão de OAs tais como: a autoria de OAs, a autoria de curso, e a busca e a anotação semântica de OAs.

Análise da pressão intra-abdominal em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia abdominal oncológica internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Internacionalização pelo Envolvimento de Atores Externos no Conflito Colombiano: Atuação da OEA na Desmobilização de Grupos Paramilitares na Colômbia

Internationalization of the Colombian Conflict by the Involvement of External Actors: Action by the OAS in Demobilizing Paramilitary Groups in Colombia This paper discusses the effects of the internationalization of the Colombian armed conflict, understood as the participation of foreign actors in programs regarding the resolution of the conflict. Through an analysis of the involvement of multilateral and state actors, the authors argue that this process involved the dilemma between unilateralism and multilateralism. The empirical analysis is centered on the intervention of conflict mediation mechanisms from the Organization of American States (OAS), specifically the Mission to Support the Peace Process (MAPP/OAS), whose scope is aimed at demobilizing paramilitary groups in Colombia.

Internacionalização pelo envolvimento de atores externos no conflito colombiano: atuação da OEA na desmobilização de grupos paramilitares na Colômbia

This paper discusses the effects of the internationalization of the Colombian armed conflict, understood as the participation of foreign actors in programs regarding the resolution of the conflict. Through an analysis of the involvement of multilateral and state actors, the authors argue that this process involved the dilemma between unilateralism and multilateralism. The empirical analysis is centered on the intervention of conflict mediation mechanisms from the Organization of American States (OAS), specifically the Mission to Support the Peace Process (MAPP/OAS), whose scope is aimed at demobilizing paramilitary groups in Colombia.

Monitoraggio del fitoplancton tossico e accumulo di biotossine marine in molluschi bivalvi della costa emiliano-romagnola.

A partire dalla fine degli anni ’80, gli impianti di molluschicoltura stanno subendo pesanti danni economici a causa dei sempre più frequenti divieti di raccolta dovuti alla comparsa di concentrazioni di biotossine algali all’interno dei tessuti dei molluschi oltre i limiti di legge. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di determinare la distribuzione spaziale e temporale delle specie tossiche lungo le coste dell’Emilia Romagna e correlare la loro presenza alla rilevazione di biotossine marine nel tessuto dei mitili. Sono state effettuate analisi biotossicologiche per l’individuazione e quantificazione delle tossine responsabili della PSP, della ASP e delle tossine liposolubili (OAs, PTXs, AZAs e YTXs). Parallelamente è stato effettuato il monitoraggio delle specie fitoplanctoniche in grado di rendere i mitili tossici e, di conseguenza, responsabili di tali biointossicazioni. Le tossine che hanno superato il limite di legge, nel periodo di tempo considerato, sono state le yessotossine. Le analisi del fitoplancton tossico hanno evidenziato la presenza delle specie Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedrum e Protoceratium reticulatum (sinonimo di Gonyaulax grindleyi). Le correlazioni effettuate mostrano che la specie G. spinifera è responsabile della chiusura degli allevamenti lungo la costa, a causa della produzione di homo-YTX, mentre la specie P. reticulatum produce prevalentemente YTX. Tale lavoro rappresenta il primo studio in campo in cui viene correlata la presenza delle due tossine, YTX e homo-YTX, con quella delle due alghe produttrici, confermando quanto riportato dalla letteratura. Tale lavoro intende offrire uno spunto, una base di partenza al fine di ottenere un quadro più dettagliato dell’andamento delle specie tossiche lungo la costa oggetto di studio.

Reparation and enforcement of judgments : a comparative analysis of the European and Inter-American human rights systems

The inter-American human rights system has been conceived following the example of the European system under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) before it was modified by Protocol No 11. However, two important differences exist. First, the authority of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to order reparation has been strictly limited by the principle of subsidiarity. Thus, the ECtHR's main function is to determine whether the ECHR has been violated. Beyond the declaratory effect of its judgments, according to Article 41 ECHR, it may only "afford just satisfaction to the injured party". The powers of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) were conceived in a much broader fashion in Article 63 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), giving the Court the authority to order a variety of individual and general measures aimed at obtaining restitutio in integrum. The first main part of this thesis shows how both Courts have developed their reparation practice and examines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Secondly, the ECtHR's rather limited reparation powers have, interestingly, been combined with an elaborate implementation system that includes several of the Council of Europe's organs, principally the Committee of Ministers. In the Inter-American System, no dedicated mechanism was implemented to oversee compliance with the IACtHR's judgments. The ACHR limits itself to inviting the Court to point out in its annual reports the cases that have not been complied with and to propose measures to be adopted by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States. The General Assembly, however, hardly ever took action. The IACtHR has therefore filled this gap by developing a proper procedure to oversee compliance with its judgments. Both the European and the American solutions to ensure compliance are presented and compared in the second main part of this thesis. Finally, based on the results of both main parts, a comparative analysis of the reparation practice and the execution results in both human rights systems is being provided, aimed at developing proposals for the improvement of the functioning of either human rights protection system.

Continuous apple consumption induces oral tolerance in birch-pollen-associated apple allergy

Patients with birch pollen allergy (major allergen: Bet v 1) have often an associated oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to apple, which contains the cross-reactive allergen Mal d 1. As successful birch pollen immunotherapy does not consistently improve apple related OAS symptoms, we evaluated whether regular apple consumption has an effect on OAS and immune parameters of Mal d 1 or Bet v 1 allergy.

Uterine fibroid embolization: the utility of aortography in detecting ovarian artery collateral supply

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the sensitivity of ovarian artery (OA) visualization at aortography performed after uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) and, using OA arteriography as the reference standard, compare the extent of arterial flow to the uterus at aortography with selective ovarian arteriography, to establish the utility of aortography and ovarian arteriography in the routine practice of UFE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study received institutional review board approval with waiver of informed consent and was HIPAA compliant. Retrospective review of 1129 consecutive UFE patients (1072 with aortograms, 57 excluded; mean age, 44 years; range, 21-60 years) was performed to identify all visible OAs. Visible OAs were independently graded by two interventional radiologists according to extent of pelvic arterial flow. If selective arteriography was performed, a second grade was assigned based on assessment of the selective study. Descriptive and summary statistics were used for assessment by the senior observer, and interobserver variability was determined. RESULTS: Of 1072 UFE patients, 184 (17.2%) had at least one visible OA. Ten (0.8%) patients were identified at aortography with collateral OA supply to more than 10% of the uterus. In total, 251 OAs were visualized, and 157 of these were further evaluated with selective study. Sixty-two (5.8%) patients were identified at selective arteriography as having collateral OA supply. The sensitivity of aortography was approximately 18%. Interobserver concordance was high (kappa values of 0.81 and 0.90 for aortography and selective study, respectively), but not perfect. CONCLUSION: Aortography rarely helps identify patients with substantial residual OA supply to the uterus and is a poor predictor of the extent of that supply, and thus may be of limited utility in routine UFE.

Effect of glucose on assimilatory sulphate reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana roots

With the aim of analysing the relative importance of sugar supply and nitrogen nutrition for the regulation of sulphate assimilation, the regulation of adenosine 5′‐phosphosulphate reductase (APR), a key enzyme of sulphate reduction in plants, was studied. Glucose feeding experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated with and without a nitrogen source were performed. After a 38 h dark period, APR mRNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels decreased dramatically in roots. The addition of 0.5% (w/v) glucose to the culture medium resulted in an increase of APR levels in roots (mRNA, protein and activity), comparable to those of plants kept under normal light conditions. Treatment of roots with D‐sorbitol or D‐mannitol did not increase APR activity, indicating that osmotic stress was not involved in APR regulation. The addition of O‐acetyl‐L‐serine (OAS) also quickly and transiently increased APR levels (mRNA, protein, and activity). Feeding plants with a combination of glucose and OAS resulted in a more than additive induction of APR activity. Contrary to nitrate reductase, APR was also increased by glucose in N‐deficient plants, indicating that this effect was independent of nitrate assimilation. [35S]‐sulphate feeding experiments showed that the addition of glucose to dark‐treated roots resulted in an increased incorporation of [35S] into thiols and proteins, which corresponded to the increased levels of APR activity. Under N‐deficient conditions, glucose also increased thiol labelling, but did not increase the incorporation of label into proteins. These results demonstrate that (i) exogenously supplied glucose can replace the function of photoassimilates in roots; (ii) APR is subject to co‐ordinated metabolic control by carbon metabolism; (iii) positive sugar signalling overrides negative signalling from nitrate assimilation in APR regulation. Furthermore, signals originating from nitrogen and carbon metabolism regulate APR synergistically.

Interaction of sulfate assimilation with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Lemna minor

Cysteine synthesis from sulfide andO-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is a reaction interconnecting sulfate, nitrogen, and carbon assimilation. UsingLemna minor, we analyzed the effects of omission of CO2 from the atmosphere and simultaneous application of alternative carbon sources on adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) and nitrate reductase (NR), the key enzymes of sulfate and nitrate assimilation, respectively. Incubation in air without CO2 led to severe decrease in APR and NR activities and mRNA levels, but ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was not considerably affected. Simultaneous addition of sucrose (Suc) prevented the reduction in enzyme activities, but not in mRNA levels. OAS, a known regulator of sulfate assimilation, could also attenuate the effect of missing CO2 on APR, but did not affect NR. When the plants were subjected to normal air after a 24-h pretreatment in air without CO2, APR and NR activities and mRNA levels recovered within the next 24 h. The addition of Suc and glucose in air without CO2 also recovered both enzyme activities, with OAS again influenced only APR.35SO4 2− feeding showed that treatment in air without CO2 severely inhibited sulfate uptake and the flux through sulfate assimilation. After a resupply of normal air or the addition of Suc, incorporation of 35S into proteins and glutathione greatly increased. OAS treatment resulted in high labeling of cysteine; the incorporation of 35S in proteins and glutathione was much less increased compared with treatment with normal air or Suc. These results corroborate the tight interconnection of sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.

Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation by Nitrogen in Arabidopsis

Using Arabidopsis, we analyzed the effect of omission of a nitrogen source and of the addition of different nitrogen-containing compounds on the extractable activity and the enzyme and mRNA accumulation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR). During 72 h without a nitrogen source, the APR activity decreased to 70% and 50% of controls in leaves and roots, respectively, while cysteine (Cys) and glutathione contents were not affected. Northern and western analysis revealed that the decrease of APR activity was correlated with decreased mRNA and enzyme levels. The reduced APR activity in roots could be fully restored within 24 h by the addition of 4 mM each of NO3 −, NH4 +, or glutamine (Gln), or 1 mM O-acetylserine (OAS). 35SO4 2− feeding showed that after addition of NH4 +, Gln, or OAS to nitrogen-starved plants, incorporation of 35S into proteins significantly increased in roots; however, glutathione and Cys labeling was higher only with Gln and OAS or with OAS alone, respectively. OAS strongly increased mRNA levels of all three APR isoforms in roots and also those of sulfite reductase, Cys synthase, and serine acetyltransferase. Our data demonstrate that sulfate reduction is regulated by nitrogen nutrition at the transcriptional level and that OAS plays a major role in this regulation.

Breve reconstrucción de la historia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en Argentina

Este artículo presenta una sintética reconstrucción del proceso de emergencia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EDJA) en Argentina, con la creación del Centro Multinacional de Educación de Adultos (CEMUL) en 1971 a partir de un convenio con la OEA. Se destaca la importancia de la Dirección Nacional de Educación del Adulto (DINEA) del entonces Ministerio de Educación y Cultura así como la influencia de los organismos internacionales en la creación de las primera agencia especializada en investigación y formación en temas de la EDJA. También se indagan discontinuidades y reorientaciones en la producción de conocimiento en estos temas. Para la realización de este trabajo se recurrió principalmente al análisis de fuentes secundarias y primarias, estas últimas incluyeron normativas y documentos oficiales de las décadas del 60 y 70

Breve reconstrucción de la historia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en Argentina

Este artículo presenta una sintética reconstrucción del proceso de emergencia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EDJA) en Argentina, con la creación del Centro Multinacional de Educación de Adultos (CEMUL) en 1971 a partir de un convenio con la OEA. Se destaca la importancia de la Dirección Nacional de Educación del Adulto (DINEA) del entonces Ministerio de Educación y Cultura así como la influencia de los organismos internacionales en la creación de las primera agencia especializada en investigación y formación en temas de la EDJA. También se indagan discontinuidades y reorientaciones en la producción de conocimiento en estos temas. Para la realización de este trabajo se recurrió principalmente al análisis de fuentes secundarias y primarias, estas últimas incluyeron normativas y documentos oficiales de las décadas del 60 y 70

Breve reconstrucción de la historia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en Argentina

Este artículo presenta una sintética reconstrucción del proceso de emergencia de la investigación en temas de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EDJA) en Argentina, con la creación del Centro Multinacional de Educación de Adultos (CEMUL) en 1971 a partir de un convenio con la OEA. Se destaca la importancia de la Dirección Nacional de Educación del Adulto (DINEA) del entonces Ministerio de Educación y Cultura así como la influencia de los organismos internacionales en la creación de las primera agencia especializada en investigación y formación en temas de la EDJA. También se indagan discontinuidades y reorientaciones en la producción de conocimiento en estos temas. Para la realización de este trabajo se recurrió principalmente al análisis de fuentes secundarias y primarias, estas últimas incluyeron normativas y documentos oficiales de las décadas del 60 y 70