毛乌素沙地油蒿与籽蒿种子萌发对光照的反应

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)与籽蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala)为毛乌素沙地的优势物种，广泛用于我国北方干旱、半干旱区的生态恢复。油蒿与籽蒿种子萌发对温度、水分等环境条件的反应已有较为明确的研究结果，但关于这两种蒿属植物种子萌发对光照反应的研究目前存在两种不同的结论，对飞播技术的改善造成一定影响。 影响油蒿与籽蒿种子萌发对光照反应的因素较多。如种源地、结实部位、种子颜色、种子保存方式与时间、实验条件、温度等。考虑种源地、种子保存时间与方式、结实部位及温度，从多方面系统研究油蒿与籽蒿种子萌发对光照的反应。结果表明当温度较低时(10:20C)，萌发率和萌发速率在黑暗条件下显著高于在光照条件下。采自榆林地区的种子萌发状况相对较差，萌发率和萌发速率在大多数情况下显著低于其他两地;各种源地上下部种子萌发率有一定差异，大多数结实部位为上部的种子最终萌发率和萌发速率高于下部的种子;保存几周的种子萌发率变化不大，但在温度较高和较低时，随着种子保存时间的延长，萌发率下降较快，而在适宜温度下种子萌发率变化不明显;种子保存方式的不同造成种子萌发情况的差异，但差异不明显;黑暗条件下比近似黑暗条件下的种子萌发率略低。上述因素对种子萌发均具有一定影响，但总体特征是种子萌发对光照的反应表现为强光抑制种子的萌发，黑暗促进种子萌发。当温度较高时(15:25C)，光照与黑暗条件下种子萌发率差异不大，但黑暗条件下种子的萌发速率显著高于光照条件下;当其它条件相同时，种子萌发率和萌发速率显著高于温度较低时(10:20C)。因而，适宜的温度和黑暗条件有利于油蒿与籽蒿种子的萌发。在飞播实践时应为种子创造一定的沙埋条件，创造有利于种子萌发的黑暗环境，促进种子的萌发，提高飞播工作的成效。

滇金丝猴的随机扩增多态DNA与遗传多样性分析

对6只笼养滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)及遗传多样性分析.用45个10bp随机短引物对每只滇金丝猴的基因组DNA进行了扩增,平均每个个体观察到的RAPD标记约为130个左右,单个引物获得的标记在1～7个之间.80%的RAPD标记表现为无多态的单型性.个体间的遗传距离为0.052,表明笼养滇金丝猴群体的遗传多样性很低.此研究结果与在蛋白多态研究中得到的一致.贫乏的遗传多样性一方面使目前处于濒危境地的滇金丝猴生存情况更加危险,同时其本身也可能是造成目前滇金丝猴濒危的原因之一.另外,通过成对的遗传距离分析,构建了这一群滇金丝猴的谱系关系图,提出了让遗传距离较远的个体间进行交配的笼养繁育计划.

Study of inter species diversity and population structure by molecular genetic method in Iranian Artemia

Artemia is a small crustacean that adapted to live in brine water and has been seen in different brine water sources in Iran. Considering the importance of genetic studies manifest inter population differences in species, to estimate genetic structure, detect difference at molecular level and separate different Artemia populations of Iran, also study of phylogenic relationships among them, samples of Artemia were collected from nine region: Urmia lake in West Azerbaijan, Shoor and Inche-Borun lakes in Golestan, Hoze-Soltan and Namak lakes in Qom, Maharloo and Bakhteghan lakes in Fars, Nough pool in Kerman and Mighan pool in Markazi and DNA extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Primers designed on a ribosomal fragment (16s rRNA) of mt DNA sequence and PCR was done. Digestion of the 1566 bp segment PCR product by 10 restriction endonuclease (Alu I, EcoR I, Eco47 I, Hae III, Hind III, Hinf I, Mbo I, Msp I, Rsa I, TaqI) showed 25 different haplotypes: 9 in Urmia, 4 in Shoor and Inche- Borun, 1 in Namak and Hoze-Soltan, 3 in Mighan, 1 in Bakhtegan Maharlo, 3 in Maharloo and 4 in Nough. Measurement of haplotype and nucleotide diversity intra population and nucleotide diversity and divergence inter populations and evolutionary distance between haplotypes showed a high diversity in mitochondrial genome of Artemia in studied regions whose results are similar to those explained for highly geographic expansion organism. In addition, results showed considerable heterogeneity between different populations and there are enough evidences in haplotypic level for separation of studied samples and division of Iranian Artemia to seven populations including Urmia, Shoor and Inche-Borun, Hoze-Soltan and Namak, Maharloo, Bakhteghan, Nough and Mighan. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA data set resulted strict consensus and neighbor joining distance trees, demonstrated that all samples were monophyletic and parthenogenetic form derivation from bisexual populations and genetically high resemblance to those of A. urmiana. Study of 270 specimens from different region showed the genus Artemia in Iran clustered into three clades including: 1- Shoor, Inche-Burun, Hoze-Soltan, Namak, Bakhtegan and Maharloo 2- Nough and Mighan 3- Urmia. Totally, obtained results indicated to ability of used techniques for study of inter species diversity, population structure, reveal of phylogenic relationship and dividing of different populations of Artemia in Iran.

Strength mobilization in clays and silts

A large database of 115 triaxial, direct simple shear, and cyclic tests on 19 clays and silts is presented and analysed to develop an empirical framework for the prediction of the mobilization of the undrained shear strength, cu, of natural clays tested from an initially isotropic state of stress. The strain at half the peak undrained strength (γM=2) is used to normalize the shear strain data between mobilized strengths of 0.2cu and 0.8cu. A power law with an exponent of 0.6 is found to describe all the normalized data within a strain factor of 1.75 when a representative sample provides a value for γM=2. Multi-linear regression analysis shows that γM=2 is a function of cu, plasticity index Ip, and initial mean effective stress p′0. Of the 97 stress-strain curves for which cu, Ip, and p′0 were available, the observed values of γM=2 fell within a factor of three of the regression; this additional uncertainty should be acknowledged if a designer wished to limit immediate foundation settlements on the basis of an undrained strength profile and the plasticity index of the clay. The influence of stress history is also discussed. The application of these stress-strain relations to serviceability design calculations is portrayed through a worked example. The implications for geotechnical decision-making and codes of practice are considered.

Air stable complementary polymer circuits fabricated in ambient condition by inkjet printing

Air stable complementary polymer inverters were demonstrated by inkjet printing of both top-gate electrodes and the semiconductors in ambient conditions. The p-type and n-type polymer semiconductors were also thermally annealed in ambient conditions after printing. The good performance of circuits in ambient condition shows that the transistors are not only air-stable in term of ambient humidity and oxygen, but also inert to ion migration through dielectrics from the printed gate. The result obtained here has further confirmed the feasibility of fabrication of low-cost polymer complementary circuits in a practical environment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

雄性生殖道局部免疫

：雄性生殖道局部免疫在性传播疾病的防治、免疫不育的防治和免疫避孕方面都具有十分重要的作用。本文 结合作者的研究工作，介绍了雄性泌尿生殖道的结构特征、天然和获得性的抗感染因子、抗精子免疫反应、性激素 对雄性生殖道免疫力的调控作用以及雄性生殖道的获得性免疫应答的激活等方面的研究动态，提出了今后的研究 方向，认为除了深入研究获得性免疫之外，雄性生殖道内天然免疫力的研究，应是十分值得关注的新方向。 39600016) ,云南省应用基础基金(96C097Q ,97C092M) 等资助。