Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation: lipid content and hepatic histology in healthy Wistar rats

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of the consumption of two commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixtures on lipid content and liver histology of healthy rats. The investigation was carried out using thirty rats divided into three groups: C (control), AE (AdvantEdge®CLA), and CO (CLA One®). The concentration of CLA was 2% of feed consumption, and the animals were supplemented daily for 42 days. The total lipid content of the liver was determined, and the histology of the organ was examined by Transmission Electronic Microscopy. The results of total liver lipid contents did not exhibit significant differences between the groups. With regard to hepatic histology, it was observed that although fat globules were visibly present in higher numbers and bigger size in the CLA groups, the organ histology was considered normal since both cytoplasm and organelles showed integrity. It was concluded that even though liver microscopic images indicated the presence of fat globules in the liver, from a statistical point of view, the supplementation for 42 days did not bring about lipid accumulation, nor did it alter hepatic histology.

Le rôle et la régulation du pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide dans le tissu adipeux lors de l’obésité

L’obésité est définie comme un surplus de masse adipeuse. Cette condition représente un problème de santé publique devenu pandémique dans les pays industrialisés. Elle prédispose à des maladies potentiellement mortelles comme le diabète de type 2, les maladies cardiovasculaires et la stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique. L’accumulation du tissu adipeux intra-abdominal, formé d’adipocytes, est corrélée avec la résistance à l’insuline. L’augmentation de la masse adipeuse se fait par l’hyperplasie des préadipocytes, la différenciation des préadipocytes en adipocytes et l’hypertrophie des adipocytes. La différenciation des préadipocytes se fait selon l’adipogenèse qui est régulée par une multitude de facteurs, mais qui est inhibée pas les stimuli inflammatoires qui sont aussi responsables de la résistance à l’insuline et de l’apparition des problèmes de santé liés à l’obésité. Nous avons identifié un nouveau système de régulation autocrine/paracrine de l’adipogenèse dans les cellules du tissu adipeux. Le pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide (QRFP), qui était connu pour son rôle dans la régulation de l’appétit, est un activateur de l’adipogenèse par l’activation de son récepteur, le G protein-coupled receptor 103 (GPR103). Le QRFP est exprimé dans les macrophages et les adipocytes alors que le GPR103 de sous-type b est exprimé dans les adipocytes seulement. Un traitement des adipocytes avec le QRFP augmente le captage des acides gras, l’accumulation de lipides ainsi que l’expression et l’activité de l’enzyme LPL. Le QRFP augmente aussi l’expression des gènes des transporteurs d’acides gras CD36 et FATP1, de l’enzyme activatrice d’acides gras ACSL1 et des facteurs de transcription PPAR-γ et C/EBP-α, qui sont tous impliqués dans l’adipogenèse. En plus de ses effets sur l’adipogenèse, le QRFP possède aussi un effet inhibiteur sur l’activité lipolytique induite par les catécholamines. Nous avons montré que l’expression du QRFP est diminuée dans le tissu adipeux des souris obèses. Selon nos résultats, cette diminution pourrait être expliquée par une augmentation des endotoxines circulantes chez les obèses, appelée endotoxémie métabolique, qui agirait, entre autres, par l’induction des interférons dans les macrophages. Les voies de signalisation de ces effets ont aussi été identifiées. Nous avons montré un autre exemple de stimulus inflammatoire qui régule les signaux adipogènes à la baisse.

Efficiency of intermittent exercise on adiposity and fatty liver in rats fed with high-fat diet

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers

Objective: To assess alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) polymorphism at position Ile349Val as indicator of risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer to verify its association with UADT cancer in nonalcoholic or nonsmoking individuals.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Primary care or referral center.Patients: the study group consisted of 141 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx admitted for surgical treatment. The comparison group consisted of 94 inpatients without cancer from the A. C. Camargo or other São Paulo (Brazil) hospital and 40 healthy individuals.Intervention: All participants were interviewed and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. After written informed consent was obtained, 20 mL of blood was collected in heparinized tubes.Main Outcome Measures: Odds ratio for ADH3 genotypes using logistic regression models.Results: After adjustment for sex, age, tobacco use, and history of cancer in first-degree family relatives, a significantly higher odds ratio for UADT cancer was observed among individuals with AA genotype and low cumulative alcohol consumption (:5 100 kg of ethanol) (odds ratio=3.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-9.7]). A 4-fold increase in odds ratio for UADT cancer among individuals with AA genotype and low tobacco consumption (:525 pack-years) was also found in the adjusted model.Conclusions: These results suggest that genotype AA may be a risk factor for UADT cancer, especially in individuals with low alcohol or tobacco consumption. However, further epidemiological case-control or cohort studies, preferably prospective, are needed to establish the exact role of ADH3 polymorphism and its association with the development of UADT cancers.

Consumo de frutose e exercício físico, impacto na síndrome metabólica

In the last two decades, the metabolic syndrome is in focus of many health agencies worldwide. Understanding among the most important glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, other disorders have been framed in this category. The non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis appears to be one of the components of this syndrome. Several studies point to the increased consumption of fructose linked to the onset of sedentary steatohepatitis. From that premise, this review aimed to the search for studies that suggest the role of exercise as an important weapon in the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, but not central obesity or C-reactive protein, is related to liver function in obese children

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent complications associated with excess adiposity. Its pathogenesis is complex and there are multiple factors that may contribute to it. AIM: To analyze whether cardiorespiratory ftness (CRF), waist circumference (WC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in children with obesity. METHODS: 79 overweight/obese children of both genders, 11-13 year-olds, with abnormal serum ALT from Porto public schools comprised the sample. Measurements included CRF (20-m Shuttle Run Test), WC (NHANES protocol), CRP and ALT (Cholestech LDX analyzer). Logistic regression adjusted for gender, maturation, and weight with ALT levels as dependent variable (risk vs. non risk), and WC (risk vs. non risk), CRP (risk vs. non risk), and CRF (fit vs. unfit) as independent variables. Level of significance was set at 95%. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that obese fit children were less likely to have abnormal ALT values (OR=.031) CONCLUSION: In obese children, higher cardiovascular fitness appears to reduce the chance of decreased liver function. © 2013 Human Kinetics, Inc.

Diabetes mellitus triggers oxidative stress in the liver of alloxan-treated rats: A mechanism for diabetic chronic liver disease

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Intra-abdominal fat is related to metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fat liver disease in obese youth

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between adiposity, especially intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and hemodynamic/metabolic comorbidities in adults, however it is not clear in pediatric population. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) with values of intra-abdominal (IAAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissue in obese children and adolescents.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: 182 obese sedentary children and adolescents (aged 6 to 16 y), identified by the body mass index (BMI). Measurements: Body composition and trunk fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- DXA; lipid profile, blood pressure and pubertal stage were also assessed. NAFLD was classified as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3), and intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness were identified by ultrasound. The MS was identified according to the cut offs proposed by World Health Organization adapted for children and adolescents. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and the binary logistic regression indicated the magnitude of the associations adjusted by potential cofounders (sex, age, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR).Results: Higher quartile of SCAT was associated with elevated blood pressure (p = 0.015), but not associated with NAFLD (p = 0.665). Higher IAAT was positively associated with increased dyslipidemia (p = 0.001), MS (p = 0.013) and NAFLD (p = 0.005). Intermediate (p = 0.007) and highest (p = 0.001) quartile of IAAT were also associated with dyslipidemia, independently of age, sex, maturation, NAFLD and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance).Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents, with higher IAAT are more prone to develop MS and NAFLD than those with higher values of SCAT, independent of possible confounding variables. © 2013 Silveira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e dos marcadores bioquímicos do estresse oxidativo hepatocelular em ratos diabéticos induzidos pela aloxana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do treinamento concorrente sobre fatores de risco para a doença gordurosa não alcoólica do fígado de adolescentes obesos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exercício físico, dieta rica em frutose e marcadores da síndrome metabólica em ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Treinamento aeróbio na prevenção da doença hepática não alcoólica decorrente da obesidade em ratos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo pela tomografia computadorizada da infiltração gordurosa hepática em pacientes em uso de quimioterapia para linfoma

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Efeito da fibra dietética e do exercício físico resistido na doença hepática gordurosa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB