X-ray spectra induced by slow highly charged Arq+ ions in collision with Nb surface

The X-ray spectra of Nb surface induced by Arq+ (q = 16,17) ions with the energy range from 10 to 20 keV/q were studied by the optical spectrum technology. The experimental results indicate that the multi-electron excitation occurred as a highly charged Ar16+ ion was neutralized below the metal surface. The K shell electron of Ar16+ was excited and then de-excited cascadly to emit K X-ray. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from K shell of the hollow Ar atom decreased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The intensity of the X-ray emitted from L shell of the target atom Nb increased with the increase of projectile kinetic energy. The X-ray yield of Ar17+ is three magnitude orders larger than that of Ar16+.

Effects of reaction conditions on the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid on Mo-V-Te-Nb oxides

An effective Mo-1 V(0.3)Te(0.23)Nb(0.12)Ox catalysts for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid was successfully prepared by using rotavap method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD and shown to contain (V0.07Mo0.93)(5)O-14, (Nb0.09Mo0.91)O-2.8,3MoO(2)(.)Nb(2)O(5), Mo5TeO16 and/or TeMo4O13, Te4Nb2O13 and a new TeMO (TeVMoO or TeVNbMoO; M = Mo, V and Nb) crystalline phase as the major phase. Regardless of the intrinsic catalytic characteristics of the catalyst, the external reaction conditions would have strong effects on the catalytic performance for propane oxidation. So in this paper, the effects of reaction conditions were investigated and discussed, including temperature, space velocity, V(air)/V(C3H8) ratio and V(steam)/V(C3H8) ratio. A stability test was also carried out on Mo1V0.3Te0.23Nb0.12Ox catalyst. The experimental run was performed during 100 h under the optimized reaction conditions. During the 100 h of operation, propane conversion and acrylic acid selectivity remained at about 59 and 64%, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure of microwave dielectric ceramics Ba[(Mg1-xCdx)(0.33)Nb-0.67]O-3

A series of complex perovskite solid solutions of Ba[(Mg1-xCdx)(0.33)Nb-0.67]O-3 have been synthesized by the columbite method. Detailed Rietveld refinement of their X-ray diffraction data show that Ba[(Mg1-xCdx)0(.33)Nb(0.67)]O-3 has an order trigonal structure. The ordering degree as determined by the B-site occupancies increases with the partial substitution of Cd for Mg.

Electronic structures of MCO (M = Nb, Ta, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt) molecules by density functional theory

Equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies of the transition metal carbonyls MCO (M = Nb, Ta, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt) were studied by use of diverse density functional methods B3LYP, BLYP, B3P86, B3PW91, BHLYP, BP86, and PBE1PBE. It was found that the ground electronic state is (6)Sigma(+) for NbCO and TaCO, (2)Sigma(+) for RhCO,(2)Delta for IrCO, and (1)Sigma(+) for PdCO and PtCO, in agreement with previous theoretical studies. The calculated properties are highly dependent on the functionals employed, in particular for the dissociation energy. For most of the molecules, the predicted bond distance is in agreement with experiments and previous theoretical results. BHLYP is the worst method in reproducing the experimental results compared with the other density functional methods for the title molecules.

Determination of Nb and Ta in Nb/Ta minerals by inductively coupled plasmas optical emission spectrometry using slurry sample introduction

The determination of Nb and Ta in Nb-Ta minerals was accomplished by slurry nebulization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), using a clog-free V-groove ceramic nebulizer. Samples were first wet-ground to appropriate particle sizes with narrow size distribution and 90% of the particles in the slurry were smaller than 2.32 mu m in diameter. Subsamples were then dispersed in pH 9 aqueous solutions, and agitated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min prior to analysis. Due to the lack of slurry standards matching well with the samples, calibration was simply carried out using aqueous solution standards. Results were compared with those obtained from a conventional fusion decomposition procedure and acid digestion procedures and a good agreement between the measured and referred values was obtained. The technique provided a good alternative for the rapid determination of Nb and/or Ta in their corresponding minerals.

EFFECT OF V, NB, AND TA DOPING ON THE 2223 PHASE-FORMATION AND THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE IN THE BISRCACUO SYSTEM

X-ray diffraction and electrical and diamagnetic analyses revealed that the 2223 phase was significantly enhanced by high-valence cation (V5+, Nb5+, Ta5+, etc.) doping in BiSrCaCuO samples. The optimum nominal composition was Bi1.6M0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3 O(y)(M =

STRUCTURE AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR PROPYLENE OXIDATION OF BI-MO-NB COMPLEX OXIDE CATALYSTS

The structure and catalytic,activity for propylene oxidation of series oxides B2Mo3-3X-Nb2XO12-4X (X=0.00, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) have been studied by means of XRD, IR, Raman, SEM, ESR and so on. The results showed that in the range of X < 0.

Bi－Mo－Nb复合氧化物催化作用机理的ESR和XPS研究

用ＥＳＲ对比研究了掺杂Ｎｂ对α－Ｂｉ２Ｍｏ３Ｏ（１２）催化剂丙烯还原和氧再氧化的影响，并用ＸＰＳ原位Ａｒ＋溅射研究了催化剂的还原与再氧化过程，观察了上述过程中催化剂内金属离子的价态变化和晶格氧的扩散现象。提出了Ｂｉ－Ｍｏ间通过晶格氧扩散所发生的氧化还原作用及模型，探讨了Ｎｂ（５＋）取代Ｍｏ（６＋）产生的氧空位对加速晶格氧扩散所起的作用。

Bi-Mo-Nb复台氧化物的结构与对丙烯氧化的催化活性

本文用XRD,IR,Raman,SEM和ESR等方法研究了系列氧化物Bi_2Mo_(3-3x)Nb_(2x)O_(12-4x)(X=0.00,0.02,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25)的结构和对丙烯氧化的催化活性,结果表明,在X≤0.25范围内,催化剂基本保持典型的α-Bi_2Mo_3O_(12)结构,少量Nb~(5+)的掺杂,可取代晶格中的Mo~(6+),产生氧空位,无序分布的氧空位的浓度先随X值的增加而增加,当X=0.15时达最大值,催化剂对丙烯氧化的催化活性与这种氧空位的浓度成正比,反应遵循Redox机理.

A~NB~(8-N)晶体中的化学键参数与硬度的关系

物质的硬度作为一个物理量已被广泛运用于各种研究领域。硬度测量在各种机械试验法中是最迅速、最经济的一种方法,而且材料硬度值与其它机械性能有一些相当精确的相应关系。有关硬度的各种测试方法已发展相当完善。同时,人们对硬度的微观机制也曾作了许多

V、Nb、Ta对促进Bi系超导体中2223相生成作用研究

自发现BiSrCaCuO超导体以来,为了稳定2223高T_C相结构、增加其在超导体中的含量,在该体系中引入掺杂元素Pb被公认是最有效的方法。我们系统研究了V~(5+)、Nb~(5+)、Ta~(5+)高价离子的单独掺入Bi系中对

Nb(Ba)加强Bi系中2223相生成作用研究

固相法合成系列名义组成为Bi_(2-x)Nb_xSr_2Ca_2Cu_3Oy(x=0—1.0)的样品,电学和磁学测量表明,当掺入x=0.2—0.3的Nb有明显加强2223相生成的作用,配比为Bi_(1.7)Nb_(0.3)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3Oy时最佳;当掺Ba以部分取代Sr后有明显协同Nb促进22 23相生成的作用,比单掺Nb效果更为显著,其中以Bi_(1.7)Nb_(0.3)Sr_(1.8)Ba_(0.2)Ca_2Cu_3Oy为最优组成。热重分析(TGA)实验显示,掺Nb(Ba)后样品在～600°C出现吸氧增重;XPS中的O_(1s)峰显示掺Nb(Ba)后除～531eV的主峰外,在～529eV的肩峰更加明显;讨论了Nb(Ba)对晶体结构的可能影响。

Y-Ba-Gu-Nb-O的性质(英文)

在Y-Ba-Cu-Nb-O系统中,当Nb的含量较低时(x≤0.3),没有发现其晶格常数和超导转变温度Tc有明显变化,掺Nb能形成YBa_2NbO_6,BaNbO_3等;YBa_2NbO_6的新相比YBCO优先形成。当Nb含量x≥0.3时,少量的Nb进入123相的晶格,这种情况使b-轴变短,斜方变形加大,且Tc降低。

A~NB~(8-N)型晶体中的化学键和硬度

我们在晶体化学键的研究中得出这样的结论,晶体硬度正象其他宏观量一样,是其微观特性的宏观反映,我们通过对一些晶体的研究比较,给出了AB型晶体化学键参数和硬度之间的定量关系一经验公式,并对六十多种晶体的硬度进行了计算,结果和实验测定值符合很