Ensis macha (Molina, 1782) en los principales bancos naturales de la Región Áncash, 2010

Se efectuó la evaluación de la navaja Ensis macha del 7 al 18 de setiembre 2010 en los principales bancos naturales del litoral de Áncash. La longitud valvar fluctuó entre 38 y 174 mm con estructura polimodal en todas las áreas evaluadas. En la mayor parte de los bancos evaluados la especie superó la talla mínima de extracción a excepción de Patillos (19,6%). En individuos mayores de 75 mm predominaron estadios madurantes y en recuperación. La especie se distribuyó formando parches, sus densidades medias estratificadas variaron entre 1,5 ind./m2 en Mar Brava y 17,4 ind./m2 en Patillos. La población y biomasa estimada fue 6,02 millones de individuos y 174 toneladas respectivamente. El 82,9% de la población correspondió a los bancos naturales de Playa Grande, Canaco y Patillos. En áreas costeras de Casma y Huarmey la temperatura superficial continuó con anomalías negativas, guardando relación con la presencia de procesos de afloramiento que influyeron en el oxígeno disuelto.

Evaluación técnica de la red de encierre activada por buzos o bolichito de fondo

La “red de encierre activada por buzos” o “bolichito de fondo” es un arte de pesca que por sus características técnicas y de operación es clasificado como no determinado y no reglamentado. Se realizó una evaluación técnica de este arte de pesca, que indica que su cobertura espacial está limitada a la capacidad de buceo, restringida a zonas muy someras, presenta baja respuesta de selectividad y alto poder de pesca al compararla con otras artes de pesca artesanales utilizadas en la misma área costera; tiene elevada extracción de juveniles y de fauna acompañante los que generalmente están en mayores porcentajes de estadios inmaduros (II) y maduración inicial (III). Se recomienda prohibir su uso.

La comunidad de fitoplancton en la costa peruana, primavera 2005

La biomasa planctónica fluctuó entre 0,30 mL/m3 (Chimbote) y 1,90 mL/m3 (Paita), promedio 0,30 mL/m3; el 86% del volumen fue menor a 0,5 mL/m3. El fitoplancton fue abundante (70%) predominando diatomeas sobre dinoflagelados. Géneros de mayor importancia fueron Bacteriastrum, Planktoniella, Ditylum, Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, Hemiaulus, Asteromphalus, Pleurosigma, Coscinodiscus, Guinardia, Leptocylindrus, Roperia, Eucampia y Prorocentrum. Los indicadores biológicos mostraron distribución normal, P. obtusum se registró entre Paita y Chimbote, dentro de las 20 mn hasta las 40 mn en Callao y Pisco. Ceratium incisum (ASS) solo fue encontrado frente a San Juan, fuera de las 180 mn.

Fitoplancton del mar peruano, verano 2010

Los volúmenes de plancton presentaron un rango entre 0,008 y 5,251 mL.m-3 localizados frente a Punta La Negra y Salaverry, promedio 0,61 mL.m-3. El fitoplancton de red fue muy abundante y predominó en el 52% de las estaciones costeras conformado por especies de afloramiento. A 10 m de profundidad el fitoplancton registró una variación entre 69,32x103 cels.L-1 (San Juan) y 2.439,76x103 cels.L-1 (Chimbote), diversidad (H’) entre 0,05 bits.cel-1 (1 mn de Ilo) y 2,84 bits.cel-1 (7 mn de San Juan), y uniformidad entre 0,02 (Ilo) y 0,921 (San Juan). Las diatomeas Cerataulina pelagica y Chaetoceros spp. fueron las que aportaron las mayores densidades celulares en la zona costera. La distribución de los indicadores biológicos demostraron una relación con las condiciones ambientales, cuando Protoperidinium obtusum, indicador de Aguas Costeras Frías (ACF) se distribuyó desde Paita hasta Mollendo (30 mn), Ceratium breve, indicador de AES fue registrado de manera normal al norte de los 6°S asociado en algunas estaciones a Ceratium praelongum y C. incisum, indicadores de Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales (ASS).

Guía para la incubación y alevinaje de trucha arco iris Oncorhynchus mykiss

Considerando este potencial y asociándolo con el uso exitoso de la trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en actividades acuícolas en las zonas altoandinas del Perú, el Imarpe, dentro del Presupuesto por Resultados 2013 y 2014, a través de la meta Asistencia Técnica en Zonas Altoandinas y Amazónicas - Región Ayacucho, ha ejecutado el proyecto “Implementación de módulos prefabricados para la incubación de ovas importadas y obtención de alevinos de trucha arco iris”. Se inició las actividades con una evaluación e identificación de las zonas, cuyas características topográficas y de abastecimiento de agua fueron ideales para la incubación de ovas embrionadas de trucha arco iris. En tal sentido, las zonas identificadas fueron los Distrito de Socos, Chungui y Huanta.

Journal des dames et des modes

1822/01/15 (N3,A26).

Effect of olive oil on early and late events of colon carcinogenesis in rats: modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and local prostaglandin E2 synthesis.

BACKGROUND Animal model studies have shown that the colon tumour promoting effect of dietary fat depends not only on the amount but on its fatty acid composition. With respect to this, the effect of n9 fatty acids, present in olive oil, on colon carcinogenesis has been scarcely investigated. AIMS To assess the effect of an n9 fat diet on precancer events, carcinoma development, and changes in mucosal fatty acid composition and prostaglandin (PG)E2 formation in male Sprague-Dawley rats with azoxymethane induced colon cancer. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups to receive isocaloric diets (5% of the energy as fat) rich in n9, n3, or n6 fat, and were administered azoxymethane subcutaneously once a week for 11 weeks at a dose rate of 7.4 mg/kg body weight. Vehicle treated groups received an equal volume of normal saline. Groups of animals were colectomised at weeks 12 and 19 after the first dose of azoxymethane or saline. Mucosal fatty acids were assessed at 12 and 19 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci and the in vivo intracolonic release of PGE2 were assessed at week 12, and tumour formation at week 19. RESULTS Rats on the n6 diet were found to have colonic aberrant crypt foci and adenocarcinomas more often than those consuming either the n9 or n3 diet. There were no differences between the rats on the n9 and n3 diets. On the other hand, administration of both n9 and n3 diets was associated with a decrease in mucosal arachidonate concentrations as compared with the n6 diet. Carcinogen treatment induced an appreciable increase in PGE2 formation in rats fed the n6 diet, but not in those fed the n3 and n9 diets. CONCLUSIONS Dietary olive oil prevented the development of aberrant crypt foci and colon carcinomas in rats, suggesting that olive oil may have chemopreventive activity against colon carcinogenesis. These effects may be partly due to modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and local PGE2synthesis.

Corniol dels Ports

AQUILEGIA PAUI FONT QUER IN TREB. MUS. CI NAT. BARCELONA SER. BOT. Nº3, 198 (1920) - Tàxon sobre el qual el BioC ha començat a treballar recentment i que forma part dels objectius del projecte de recerca CGL2007¿60475. Part de les informacions incorporades són encara inèdites o en curs de tractament.

Corniol dels Ports

AQUILEGIA PAUI FONT QUER IN TREB. MUS. CI NAT. BARCELONA SER. BOT. Nº3, 198 (1920) - Tàxon sobre el qual el BioC ha començat a treballar recentment i que forma part dels objectius del projecte de recerca CGL2007¿60475. Part de les informacions incorporades són encara inèdites o en curs de tractament.

Place des apports oraux en acides gras oméga-3 dans la mucoviscidose [Relevance of omega-3 fatty acid oral supplementation in cystic fibrosis]

Chronic inflammation and fatty acid deficiency, in particular in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6-n3), occurring in cystic fibrosis patients, are two convincing arguments urging the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 in this population. PUFA omega-3 oral dietary intake position in the cystic fibrosis treatment is however not clear despite many years of clinical research. This review article sets out the reasons that conduct nutritionists to try this approach and reviews the results published until nowadays.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery in selected patients with stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre phase II trial.

BACKGROUND: Stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is usually thought to be unresectable, and is managed with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. However, selected patients might benefit from surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this multicentre, phase II trial was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with technically operable stage IIIB NSCLC. METHODS: Between September, 2001, and May, 2006, patients with pathologically proven and technically resectable stage IIIB NSCLC were sequentially treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin with docetaxel), immediately followed by accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy (44 Gy in 22 fractions) and definitive surgery. The primary endpoint was event-free survival at 12 months. Efficacy analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00030810. FINDINGS: 46 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 60 years (range 28-70). 13 (28%) patients had N3 disease, 36 (78%) had T4 disease. All patients received chemotherapy; 35 (76%) patients received radiotherapy. The main toxicities during chemotherapy were neutropenia (25 patients [54%] at grade 3 or 4) and febrile neutropenia (nine [20%]); the main toxicity after radiotherapy was oesophagitis (ten patients [29%]; nine grade 2, one grade 3). 35 patients (76%) underwent surgery, with pneumonectomy in 17 patients. A complete (R0) resection was achieved in 27 patients. Peri-operative complications occurred in 14 patients, including two deaths (30-day mortality 5.7%). Seven patients required a second surgical intervention. Pathological mediastinal downstaging was seen in 11 of the 28 patients who had lymph-node involvement at enrolment, a complete pathological response was seen in six patients. Event-free survival at 12 months was 54% (95% CI 39-67). After a median follow-up of 58 months, the median overall survival was 29 months (95% CI 16.1-NA), with survival at 1, 3, and 5 years of 67% (95% CI 52-79), 47% (32-61), and 40% (24-55). INTERPRETATION: A treatment strategy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by surgery is feasible in selected patients. Toxicity is considerable, but manageable. Survival compares favourably with historical results of combined treatment for less advanced stage IIIA disease. FUNDING: Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) and an unrestricted educational grant by Sanofi-Aventis (Switzerland).

Níveis de água, nitrogênio e potássio por gotejamento subsuperficial em cana-de-açúcar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir os níveis ótimos de irrigação, nitrogênio e potássio em cana-de-açúcar, cultivar RB867515, aplicados por gotejamento subsuperficial, em ciclo de primeira soca, para máxima produção de colmos, açúcar e álcool. O experimento foi realizado em Plintossolo do Município de União, no Estado do Piauí, durante o ano agrícola 2008/2009. Os tratamentos consistiram de: níveis de irrigação mais precipitação (W1, 767,5; W2, 898,5; W3, 971,0; W4, 1.053,0; e W5, 1.154,0 mm) e níveis de adubação nitrogenada e potássica (N1, 44,0; N2, 78,0; N3, 111,0; N4, 144,0; N5, 178,0; K1, 44,0; K2, 67,0; K3, 89,0; K4, 111,0; e K5, 133,0 kg ha-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições, em arranjo fatorial fracionário 1/5 de 5x5x5 (W x N x K). Aprodutividade máxima de colmos (207,4 Mg ha-1) é alcançada com a aplicação de 1.154,0 mm de água, associada a 114,2 kg ha-1 de N e 60,1 kg ha-1 de K2O.A máxima produtividade de açúcar(25,3 Mgha-1) e deálcool (20,0 m³ ha-1) éobtida com 1.154,0 mm, associada à aplicaçãodos níveis de90,0 kg ha-1 de N e de 60,0 kg ha-1 de K2O.