Multimodalt skrivande - förutsättningar och lärandemöjligheter : Litteraturstudie om mellanstadieelevers lärandemöjligheter vid multimodalt skrivande inom svenskämnet och förutsättningar för en multimodal skrivundervisning

Kursplanen i svenska förklarar att eleverna ska utveckla det multimodala skrivandet inom svenskämnet. Det multimodala skrivandet innebär att ord, bild och ljud kombineras och samspelar. Huvudsyftet med den här litteraturstudien har varit att undersöka hur det multimodala skrivandet inom svenskämnet för årskurs 4-6 kan se ut, vilka kompetenser och resurser som krävs för att bedriva en multimodal skrivundervisning, samt vilket slags lärande det multimodala skrivandet kan ge upphov till hos eleverna. Litteraturstudien visar att det multimodala skrivandet kan förekomma såväl analogt som digitalt. Vidare visar den att svensk forskning på området är mycket begränsad. De artiklar och avhandlingar som inkluderats i litteraturstudien visar att forskare är eniga om att lärare behöver utveckla sina kunskaper om olika teckenvärldar, såsom auditiva och visuella, för att göra elever medvetna om teckenvärldarnas meningspotential och samspel. Det multimodala skrivandet ger upphov till en form av samordnat lärande, eftersom det multimodala skrivandet är en komplex process, som kräver att eleverna får explicit undervisning om aktuell digital programvara och teckenvärldarnas meningsskapande. Multimodalt skrivande är ett vanligt inslag utanför skolan, men bör få tillträde in i skolvärlden. Det förutsätter att digitala resurser finns tillgängliga och att lärare är positivt inställda till den multimodala skrivutvecklingen.

Ensuring Multimodal Course Consistency

The growth of online, hybrid, and distance courses challenges institutions to maintain content consistency across multiple platforms. This report examines the policies, standards, and practices that guide course consistency initiatives.

Atividade multimodal no córtex sensorial primário de ratos.

The currently accepted model of sensory processing states that different senses are processed in parallel, and that the activity of specific cortical regions define the sensorial modality perceived by the subject. In this work we used chronic multielectrode extracellular recordings to investigate to which extent neurons in the visual and tactile primary cortices (V1 and S1) of anesthetized rats would respond to sensory modalities not traditionaly associated with these cortices. Visual stimulation yielded 87% of responsive neurons in V1, while 82% of S1 neurons responded to tactile stimulation. In the same stimulation sessions, we found 23% of V1 neurons responding to tactile stimuli and 22% of S1 neurons responding to visual stimuli. Our data supports an increasing body of evidence that indicates the existence multimodal processing in primary sensory cortices. Our data challenge the unimodal sensory processing paradigm, and suggest the need of a reinterpretation of the currently accepted model of cortical hierarchy.

Immunocytochemical characterization of the pregeniculate nucleus and distribution of retinal and neuropeptide Y terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Cebus monkey

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multimodal evoked potentials and the ovarian cycle in young ovulating women

There is controversy over how hormonal conditions influence cerebral physiology. We studied pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP), brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEV) in 20 female volunteers at different phases of the menstrual cycle (estrogen phase, ovulatory day and progesterone phase). Statistical analysis showed decreased latencies for P 100 (PS-VEP), N 19and P 22 (SSEV) waves in the progesterone phase compared with the estrogen phase. There was no significant difference between the estrogen and the ovulation day values. Comparing the three above stages, there were no significant differences in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials. The reduction of the latencies of the potentials generated in multisynaptic circuits provides the first consistent neurophysiological basis for a tentative comprehension of human pre-menstrual syndrome.

Identification of transmission line parameters from temporal measurements of currents and voltages in their terminals: Influence oh the length line

The objective of this paper is to show a methodology to estimate transmission line parameters. The method is applied in a single-phase transmission line using the method of least squares. In this method the longitudinal and transversal parameters of the line are obtained as a function of a set of measurements of currents and voltages (as well as their derivatives with respect to time) at the terminals of the line during the occurrence of a short-circuit phase-ground near the load. The method is based on the assumption that a transmission line can be represented by a single circuit π. The results show that the precision of the method depends on the length of the line, where it has a better performance for short lines and medium length. © 2012 IEEE.

Bothropstoxin-I reduces evoked acetylcholine release from rat motor nerve terminals: Radiochemical and real-time video-microscopy studies

Understanding the biological activity profile of the snake venom components is fundamental for improving the treatment of snakebite envenomings and may also contribute for the development of new potential therapeutic agents. In this work, we tested the effects of BthTX-I, a Lys49 PLA2 homologue from the Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. While this toxin induces conspicuous myonecrosis by a catalytically independent mechanism, a series of in vitro studies support the hypothesis that BthTX-I might also exert a neuromuscular blocking activity due to its ability to alter the integrity of muscle cell membranes. To gain insight into the mechanisms of this inhibitory neuromuscular effect, for the first time, the influence of BthTX-I on nerve-evoked ACh release was directly quantified by radiochemical and real-time video-microscopy methods. Our results show that the neuromuscular blockade produced by in vitro exposure to BthTX-I (1 μM) results from the summation of both pre- and postsynaptic effects. Modifications affecting the presynaptic apparatus were revealed by the significant reduction of nerve-evoked [3H]-ACh release; real-time measurements of transmitter exocytosis using the FM4-64 fluorescent dye fully supported radiochemical data. The postsynaptic effect of BthTX-I was characterized by typical histological alterations in the architecture of skeletal muscle fibers, increase in the outflow of the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and progressive depolarization of the muscle resting membrane potential. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neuromuscular blockade produced by BthTX-I results from transient depolarization of skeletal muscle fibers, consequent to its general membrane-destabilizing effect, and subsequent decrease of evoked ACh release from motor nerve terminals. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.