Influência da violência no esporte sobre espectadores de MMA: análise de percepções e comportamentos

Modern society lives daily with groups of human beings who have high rates of aggression and violence. Scholars in the field point to the influence of certain environmental condition for the development of aggressive behavior. Among such circumstances, we can quote various aspects including the influence of media, and more specifically, the MMA (Mixed Martial Arts). The MMA is now one of the world's most popular sport, having international visibility through your largest organization, the UFC® (Ultimate Fighting Championship). The sport's global coverage is surely source of influence for our children and adolescents, who without the correct direction, can take the scenes seen in the sport as common facts of everyday life, making aggression and violence acceptable behaviors in their lives. Many studies show behavioral changes related to violent practices in virtue of exposure of individuals to aggression scenes by media. Works provide some interesting theoretical models to explain the observational learning. Under such aspects, the determined reality brings a need for in-depth studies on the subject addressed, looking for a better understanding of relations between the sport's violence and your influences on social behavior of individuals in this context, and then, look for possible solutions to deal with the problem pre supposed

Tumor odontogênico queratocístico e considerações diagnósticas

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT is benign, featuring controversies in diagnosis and treatment. It occurs mainly in the region of the mandibular angle, which may or may not be related to a tooth and whose importance is due to its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. The causes of high rates of relapse observed in this lesion are dependent on factors such as age, location and size of lesion, gender, type of treatment and histological variant. The thin capsule and friable connective tissue of KCOT may favor the retention of epithelial debris responsible for the high proliferative capacity of this clinical entity. Due to the aggressiveness with its recurrence this paper aims to conduct a literature review addressing clinical and imaging aspects, composes the histopathological diagnosis of KCOT.

Tumor odontogênico queratocístico: considerações clínico-cirúrgico

Introduction: The tumor odontogenic keratocyst (toq) is a benign disorder, which is controversial in its diagnosis and treatment. It is characterized by a true neoplasms arising from remnants the dental lamina. It occurs predominantly in the angle mandible, which may or may not be related to a tooth and whose importance is due to its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. The causes of the high recurrence rates. The thin capsule and friable tissue may favor the toq retention of epithelial debris and, moreover, the presence of satellite cells in the lesion site is responsible for the increased proliferative capacity of clinical entity. Objective: To present the peculiarities toq inherent in using a clinical case of toq in mandible. Case report: TOQ in the jaw in patient, 16 years old male presenting important lesion radiographically radiolucent related to the impacted tooth. Final comments: In consideration of the high rate of recurrence chosen treatment proved effective and was not any evidence of recurrence.

Avaliação do C-MYC, BCL2, KI67 e índice mitótico como fatores prognósticos em cães com linfoma difuso de grandes células B

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exploring Online Sexually Explicit Material: What is the Relationship to Sexual Coercion?

With the popularity of the Internet, it is easy to access sexually explicit material. Past research has demonstrated that exposure to sexually explicit material in traditional formats (i.e. magazines and videos) may have an influence on male attitudes and behaviors towards females, but these effects appear to be minimal and dissipate over the long term. Though the body of literature examining Internet sexually explicit material is smaller, researchers have found little to no effects on attitudes or aggressive behaviors immediately after exposure. However, research regarding exposure to online sexually explicit material has not included forensically relevant variables. Previous research has suggested that undergraduate males who report engaging in sexually coercive or aggressive behaviors differ in terms of personality, attitudinal, and behavioral variables from individuals who do not report this type of behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the same personality and attitudinal variables that have been studied in previous research, but to extend this research by including behavioral variables related to the viewing of online sexually explicit material. Male undergraduate students were provided with a link to take an online survey examining personality (empathy, sensation-seeking, and psychopathy), attitudinal (rape myth belief, acceptance of interpersonal violence, and hostility towards women) and behavioral (online sexual compulsivity and online behaviors with regard to sexual material) variables. The relationship between these variables and sexually coercive behavior was examined. Results indicate there is a significant relationship between some scales related to empathy and viewing sexually explicit or degrading material. Further results indicated that individuals who identified as having engaged in sexually aggressive behavior endorsed more items related to online sexually compulsive behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed that the amount, as opposed to the type, of sexually explicit material viewed appears to be more related to adverse outcomes.

Using the Condylar Prosthesis After Resection of a Large Odontogenic Myxoma Tumor in the Mandible

Odontogenic myxomas are considered to be a benign odontogenic tumor with locally aggressive behavior. Because these neoplasms are rare in the oral cavity, the possible surgical management can be quite variable. Literature recommendation can vary from simple curettage and peripheral ostectomy to segmental resection. The authors report a case of a 20-year-old patient with an odontogenic myxoma tumor located in the left mandibular angle, ascending ramus, and mandibular symphysis. It was treated by radical resection followed by titanium reconstruction with condylar prosthesis, which allowed rapid return of function with improvement in quality of life and restoration of cosmetic and functional deficits. The lesion did not recur after surgical procedure.

Lipopolysaccharide administration in the dominant mouse destabilizes social hierarchy

Sickness behavior is a set of behavioral changes that are part of an adaptive strategy to overcome infection. Mice that interact with conspecifics displaying sickness behavior also show relevant behavioral changes. In this work we sought to determine the role of sickness behavior display by a dominant mouse as a promoter of hierarchy instability. We treated the dominant mouse within a dyad with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (400 mu g/kg, i.p.) for three consecutive days and assessed social dominance behavior. Since elder animals display increased inflammatory responses and the behaviors toward conspecifics are influenced by kinship we also assessed whether kinship and age, might influence sickness related hierarchy instability. Our results show that administration of LPS in the dominant mouse promotes social instability within a dyad, and indicates that this instability could be influenced by kinship and age. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Central Granular Cell Odontogenic Tumor of the Maxilla

The central granular cell odontogenic tumor (CGCOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm composed of varying amounts of large eosinophilic granular cells and apparently inactive odontogenic epithelium. It tends to occur as a small asymptomatic swelling in the posterior region of the mandible with nonaggressive appearance. We report an unusual case of CGCOT in the maxillary region with clinical features of malignancy. The patient underwent surgical treatment, and the 2-year follow-up revealed no signs of recurrence. Central granular cell odontogenic tumor is a very rare condition with few cases reported, especially in the maxillary region. This case highlights the possibility of aggressive behavior by these lesions.

Dominance hierarchies and social status ascent opportunity: Anticipatory behavioral and physiological adjustments in a Neotropical cichlid fish

In this work we characterized the social hierarchy of non-reproductive individuals of Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840). independently for both sexes, and its relationship to the opportunity for social status ascent. Female and male individuals who were located on the top rank of the social hierarchy, ascended in social status when the opportunity arose, therefore indicating that dominance is directly correlated with social ascent likelihood. Dominance was positively correlated with size in males but not in females, suggesting for the latter a relationship with intrinsic features such as aggressiveness or personality rather than to body and/or ovarian size. Physiological and morphometrical variables related to reproduction, stress and body color were measured in non-reproductive fish and correlated with dominance and social ascent likelihood. Dominance was negatively correlated with plasma cortisol levels for both sexes. No correlation with dominance was found for androgen plasma levels (testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone). No correlation was detected between dominance and the selected morphological and physiological variables measured in females, suggesting no reproductive inhibition in this sex at a physiological level and that all females seem to be ready for reproduction. In contrast, social hierarchy of non-reproductive males was found to be positively correlated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) pituitary content levels and gonadosomatic indexes. This suggests an adaptive mechanism of non reproductive males, adjusting their reproductive investment in relation to their likelihood for social status ascent, as perceived by their position in the social hierarchy. This likelihood is translated into a physiological signal through plasma cortisol levels that inhibit gonad investment through pituitary inhibition of FSH, representing an anticipatory response to the opportunity for social status ascent. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Central giant cell granuloma

Background: Central giant cell granuloma is a benign condition of the jaws which may present an aggressive behavior. Case report: A 9-year-old boy was complaining of swelling in the floor of the mouth. A solid swelling was observed in the area of the lower incisors. From the radiographic exam, we observed a radiolucent image in the mandibular bone with well-defined limits extending from the apical region of tooth 33 to the apical region of tooth 42. Discussion: Due to the diagnosis and the age of the patient, we chose a conservative treatment, administering subcutaneous injections of calcitonin. During this treatment, no reduction to the lesion was observed. Therefore, we chose to treat the lesion with triamcinolone acetonide. Monthly follow-ups demonstrated good lesion reduction and the absence of any clinical symptoms during the first 2 years. After a 3-year follow-up, the patient returned, presenting mobility of the lower incisors. A significant increase in the size of the lesion was observed. After a biopsy, with the removal of tissuewhich had the appearance of a cyst capsule, microscopic analyses were found to be compatible with a secondarily infected cyst. Two months following this procedure, the patient did not present tooth mobility anymore and the oral mucosa presented a normal aspect. Following a radiographic exam, full lesion repair was observed. These conservative treatments should be the first option in cases of central giant cell granuloma and the patient must be observed for a long period of time, until no further clinical or radiographic signs of lesions are observed

Estudio de la agresividad en machos de hámster dorado (Mesocricetus auratus)

El análisis del comportamiento agresivo del hámster dorado (Mesocricetus auratus) muestra que la relación de dominancia entre machos se establece en función del tamaño de los mismos, de modo que el resultado de las interacciones agresivas, en ausencia de otros factores externos o internos, será generalmente favorable al individuo de mayor tamaño. The analysis of aggressive behavior of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) shows that the factor that determine the relationships of dominance among males is established according to the differences in size of individuals, and the result of agonistic interactions, in absence of other external or internal factors, will be generally favourable to the larger one.

Efecto del color del oponente en el comportamiento agresivo del Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea, Decapoda)

[ES] El comportamiento agresivo del cangrejo moro (Grapsus grapsus) ante un modelo de competidor potencial no varió en función del color corporal de este último. No obstante, se observaron cambios en dicho comportamiento en función del tamaño del individuo residente, aumentado la intensidad de los ataques cuanto menores eran las asimetrías en talla

Analisi della relazione tra temperamento, stati psicobiosociali e variabili psicofisiche rispetto ai diversi compiti e strategie metodologiche

L’attività fisica produce effetti benefici a livello mentale (Biddle et al.,2004) e sembra agire sull’emozione modificando attitudini e motivazioni verso la pratica motoria (Digelidis et al., 2003) a partire da sensazioni come il piacere o la noia del fare (Spray et al., 1999). Da questi presupposti il progetto che comprendeva l’analisi di due studi volti a verificare gli effetti dell’attività motoria e sportiva in ambito scolastico, sui comportamenti di adattamento sociale e self efficacy dei bambini. Un terzo studio, di analisi qualitativa, in ambito calcistico, per verificare correlazioni tra orientamento motivazionale genitoriale e comportamenti di adattamento sociale dei figli. Gli strumenti di rilevazione dei livelli di adattamento sociale (Caprara et al, 1992) e self efficacy (Colella, 2008), sono stati somministrati prima e dopo il trattamento delle relative attività motorie mentre, l’orientamento motivazionale dei genitori (Borgogni et al, 2004) è stato rilevato una volta e confrontato con l’adattamento sociale dei figli. Il modulatore del primo studio, l’attività ad alto contenuto emotivo o aggressivo, ha mostrato variazioni significative (p<.05) nei livelli di aggressività fisica-verbale e di comportamento pro sociale tra i 2 gruppi, confermando la letteratura sull’argomento (Pellegrini, in Storch e Roth, 2005; Vaughn, 2005; Tappern e Boulton, 2005). Il modulatore del secondo studio, rappresentato dal giocosport rugby, sempre realizzato nelle ore curricolari di educazione fisica, ha evidenziato differenze significative (p<.05) nell’aumentata self efficacy da parte del gruppo sperimentale, con effetto preponderante sulle femmine rispetto ai maschi. Il terzo studio, descrittivo, ha evidenziato la correlazione tra orientamento motivazionale dei genitori e instabilità emotiva dei figli in risposta a profili genitoriali tendenti alla leadership o al successo nell’ambito lavorativo. I risultati evidenziati mostrano effetti significativi (p<.05), successivi al trattamento, sui comportamenti di adattamento sociale, aggressivo e sulla self efficacy a conferma, della letteratura, sull’importanza di determinate esperienze motorie in età scolare.

Extraosseous langerhans cell histiocytosis in children

Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a rare disease that occurs mainly in children, may produce a broad range of manifestations, from a single osseous lesion to multiple lesions involving more than one organ or system. The clinical course varies widely in relation to the patient's age. Multisystem disease may demonstrate especially aggressive behavior in very young children, with the outcome depending largely on the stage of disease and the degree of related organ dysfunction at the time of diagnosis. Extraosseous manifestations are less commonly seen than osseous ones and may be more difficult to identify. To accurately detect extraosseous Langerhans cell histiocytosis at an early stage, radiologists must recognize the significance of individual clinical and laboratory findings as well as the relevance of imaging features for the differential diagnosis. The pattern and severity of pulmonary, thymic, hepatobiliary, splenic, gastrointestinal, neurologic, mucocutaneous, soft-tissue (head and neck), and salivary involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis generally are well depicted with conventional radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, the imaging features are not pathognomonic, and a biopsy usually is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis.

Validation of a paradigm to measure instrumental aggression (iap) on a sample of male adolescents with adjustment problems

Aggressive behavior can be classified in hostile and instrumental aggressions (anderson & bushman, 2002). this classification is mostly synonymously used with reactive and proactive aggression, whereas the differences between hostile and instrumental aggression lie on three dimensions, the primary goal, amount of anger and planning and calculation(bushman & anderson, 2001). although there are rating instruments and experimental paradigms to measure hostile aggression, there is no instrument to measure instrumental aggression. the following study will present an account to measure instrumental aggression with an experimental laboratory paradigm. the instrument was firstly tested on two samples of normal young adolescents (n1 = 100; amage. = 19.14; n2 = 60; amage. = 21.46). the first study revealed a strong correlation with a laboratory aggression paradigm measuring hostile aggression, but no correlations with self-reported aggression in the buss and perry questionnaire. these results were replicated in a second study, revealing an additional correlation with aggressive but not adaptive assertiveness. secondly the instrument was part of the evaluation of the reasoning and rehabilitation program r&r2 (ross, hilborn & lidell, 1984) in an institution for male adolescents with adjustment problems in switzerland. the r&r2 is a cognitive behavioral group therapy to reduce antisocial and promote prosocial cognitions and behavior. the treatment group (n= 16; rangeage = 15-17) is compared to a no treatment control group (n=24; rangeage = 17-19) preand post- treatment. further aggressive behavior was surveyed and experimentally measured. hostile rumination, aggressive and adaptive assertiveness, emotional and social competence were included in the measurement to estimate construct validity.