890 resultados para Mark 1:40-45


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以微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)和微囊藻毒素RR(MC-RR)为材料,主要通过调节杂质淋洗液和毒素洗脱液中甲醇、水和三氟乙酸(TFA)的配比来改变极性和PH值,对高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析MC环境样品的方法进行了优化。结果表明,含0.1%TFA的40%~45%的甲醇水溶液可以取得较好的杂质淋洗效果;含0.1%TFA的70%的甲醇水溶液可以将固相萃取柱(SPE)上的MC完全洗下。因此,建议在分析杂质较多的环境样品时,使用含0.1%TFA的40%~45%的甲醇水溶液对杂质进行淋洗,然后用含0.1%TFA的7

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在胚胎发育过程中,用不同比放射性的~(90)锶试液处理受精卵,各处理组都有畸形和死亡现象。畸形的高峰一般出现在囊胚期和晶体形成期,畸形的类型一般为脊椎弯曲、体短、胸腔和卵黄囊扩大,头和眼畸形。随后即出现死亡高峰。例如:游动期的死亡率分别是:21%(对照);36%(5×10~(-11)居里/升);40%(5×1-~(-10)居里/升);45%(5×10~(-9)居里/升)。鲫仔鱼对~(90)锶吸收积累的结果表明:鲫仔鱼体中比放射性大小与试液的比放射性大小成正比,并随试验吋间的延长,生物量的增加而增加,鲫仔鱼

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Submitted by 阎军 (yanj@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2010-06-21T07:30:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 张邦宏--40 Gbs 光电探测器小信号测试法和大信号测试系统研究.pdf: 3057511 bytes, checksum: 0c2a4acd2c1687f6c3ee554b01030fed (MD5)

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讨论了一种类似蜂窝或V型膜的玻璃盖板与45°膜复合结构(简称45°膜结构)的光热性能。其透过率比蜂窝结构高,隔热性能与蜂窝结构和V型膜结构相当,在低纬地区应用效果甚好。

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The integrated pilot-scale dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis system from corncob was demonstrated for modernizing utilization of biomass residues. The raw bio-syngas was obtained by the pyrolyzer/gasifier at the yield rate of 40-45 Nm(3)/h. The content of tar in the raw bio-syngas was decreased to less than 20 mg/Nm(3) by high temperature gasification of the pyrolysates under O-2-rich air. More than 70% CO2 in the raw bio-syngas was removed by pressure-swing adsorption unit (PSA). The bio-syngas (H-2/CO approximate to 1) was catalytically converted to DME in the fixed-bed tubular reactor directly over Cu/Zn/Al/HZSM-5 catalysts. CO conversion and space-time yield of DME were in the range of 82.0-73.6% and 124.3-203.8 kg/m(cat)(3)/h, respectively, with a similar DME selectivity when gas hourly space velocity (GHSV, volumetric flow rate of syngas at STP divided by the volume of catalyst) increased from 650 h(-1) to 1500 h(-1) at 260 degrees C and 4.3 MPa. And the selectivity to methanol and C-2(+) products was less than 0.65% under typical synthesis condition. The thermal energy conversion efficiency was ca. 32.0% and about 16.4% carbon in dried corncob was essentially converted to DME with the production cost of ca. (sic) 3737/ton DME. Cu (111) was assumed to be the active phase for DME synthesis, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization.

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利用大万山附近1°×1°经纬度网格的卫星高度计资料(1993-2006),计算出

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通过对抚顺市温道林场20、53和69年生长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工林生物量和营养元素的积累与分配、养分利用效率和养分再吸收效率、养分生物循环的研究,探讨了长白落叶松生长发育不同阶段的养分生态学特征;对东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场17年生兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林进行5年的施肥(NH4NO3,15 g•m-2•a-1),研究了施肥对人工林养分生物循环的影响。结果表明: (1)20、53和69年生单株落叶松生物量分别为33.14 kg•tree-1、311.42 kg•tree-1和408.46 kg•tree-1,随林龄的增长而增加。各器官生物量的分配格局为:树干>根>树枝>树皮>针叶。树干生物量的分配比例为50.16%~69.20%,随林龄的增长比例增大,而其他器官生物量的分配比例则逐渐减小。20、53和69年生单株落叶松净生产力分别为3.04 kg•tree-1•a-1、9.68 kg•tree-1•a-1和10.21 kg•tree-1•a-1,随林龄的增长而增大。针叶和树干的净生产力最大,分别占整株林木净生产力的40.07%~47.93%和27.32%~40.97%,并且随林龄的增长而增大。树枝、树皮和根的净生产力则表现出随林龄的增长呈抛物线状。 (2)20、53和69年生单株落叶松N、P、K、Ca、Mg等5种营养元素的总贮量分别为308.14 g•tree-1、2021.01 g•tree-1和2485.24 g•tree-1,随林龄的增长而增加。5种营养元素的贮量大小为:Ca>N>K>Mg>P。树干养分贮量的分配比例为19.74%~34.23%,随林龄的增长呈抛物线状。针叶、树枝和树皮的养分贮量占整株林木养分贮量的比例为35.16%~45.59%,建议在采伐木材时实施去皮、打枝等措施,留下针叶、树枝和树皮在林地中,让其自然分解以使营养元素重新归还利用,对于维持林地的养分平衡和长期生产力具有积极作用。 (3)20、53和69年生单株落叶松年吸收养分量分别为35.31 g•tree-1•a-1、97.83 g•tree-1•a-1和100.08 g•tree-1•a-1,随林龄的增长而增加。5种营养元素的年吸收量大小为:Ca>N>K>Mg>P。落叶松的养分利用效率随林龄的增长而增大,但生长到一定年龄阶段后,其养分利用效率逐渐趋于稳定。落叶松的最佳采伐年龄应为养分利用效率保持稳定时的年龄,此时采伐单位干材所带走的林地养分量较少。不同营养元素的利用效率不同,P的利用效率最高,Mg、K次之,N、Ca最低。不同器官的养分利用效率不同,树干的养分利用效率最高,其次是根、树枝、树皮,针叶最低。随着林龄的增长,树干和根的养分利用效率增大,而树枝和树皮的养分利用效率减小。 (4)落叶松叶片的N再吸收效率为50.76%~55.11%,随林龄的增长表现出增大的趋势;P和K再吸收效率分别为64.38%~68.85%和87.85%~90.62%,随林龄的增长表现出减小的趋势。从养分利用效率和养分再吸收效率综合判断,本研究区落叶松生长可能受土壤N、P、K供应的限制,3种营养元素的限制作用大小为:K>P>N。 (5)落叶松人工林养分的年吸收量、年存留量和年归还量分别为51.94~78.35 kg•hm-2•a-1、17.77~29.43 kg•hm-2•a-1和34.18~48.92 kg•hm-2•a-1,均随林龄的增长而减少,这与林分密度逐渐减小有关。5种营养元素的年吸收量和年存留量大小均为:Ca>N>K>Mg>P,年归还量大小为:Ca>N>Mg>K>P。落叶松人工林的养分循环速率为0.624~0.658,随林龄的增长而增大。5种营养元素的循环速率以Mg、N最快,Ca、P次之,K最慢。K的循环速率较低,可能与研究区土壤K含量较低而表现出的K再吸收效率较高有关。 (6)施肥导致落叶松叶片N再吸收效率显著降低,而凋落叶片的N浓度显著增加,从而使凋落叶片的C/N比由80.29降低到60.29。施肥林地凋落叶片C/N比的降低使其分解速率加快,有利于其养分归还土壤,从而加快了系统的养分循环速率,提高了系统的养分利用率。因此,在人工林经营中,施肥不仅能提高林地生产力,而且对于维持林地养分循环具有积极作用。

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磷是植物生长发育所必需的营养元素之一,由于磷在土壤中的难溶性和难移动性,使得磷在陆地生态系统的循环越来越受到重视,尤其是在明确土壤磷素存在形态和分布特征的基础上,探讨土壤磷素与土地利用方式以及植被生长发育状况之间的关系,对于指导土地利用和恢复植被建设具有重要意义。本研究以辽东山区天然次生林主要林型胡桃楸林、杂木林(由蒙古栎、花曲柳和山杨等树种组成)和蒙古栎林为主要研究对象,系统研究了辽东山区天然次生林土壤磷素的分布特征,并比较研究了落叶松人工林取代天然次生林后土壤磷素的变化特征。主要结论如下: 1. 辽东山区天然次生林土壤磷素特征:(1)次生林0-30 cm土壤全磷含量的变化范围为326.5 mg kg-1-984.9 mg kg-1,土壤总有机磷含量、总无机磷含量、Olsen-P含量和土壤微生物量磷含量占全磷含量的比例变化范围分别为47%-76%、24%-53%、1.23%-1.40%和2.67%-3.45%,土壤全磷与土壤有机碳、全氮之间呈显著正相关,说明次生林土壤有机质含量是影响土壤磷素含量的主要因素之一;土壤Olsen-P和微生物量磷季节变化明显,均表现为夏季最高,且土壤Olsen-P和微生物量磷的季节变化规律不受植被类型的影响;另外,土壤Olsen-P、土壤微生物量磷的季节变化均与土壤含水量相关。(2)三个林型土壤酸性磷酸酶与土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、Olsen-P和微生物量磷之间存在密切的相关性,酸性磷酸酶可以作为评价次生林土壤磷素状况的一个指标。(3)不同林型土壤各形态无机磷分布不同,胡桃楸林以Fe-P(铁结合的磷酸盐)和Ca-P(钙结合的磷酸盐)为主,杂木林和蒙古栎林以O-P(闭蓄态磷)为主;不同林型土壤各形态无机磷随季节的变化规律不同,与Olsen-P的关系也不同,胡桃楸林土壤Olsen-P与Al-P(铝结合的磷酸盐)之间具有显著的相关性,杂木林土壤Olsen-P与Fe-P和Ca-P之间相关性显著,蒙古栎林土壤Olsen-P与Ca-P之间显著相关,说明辽东山区不同林型土壤磷素的有效来源不同。(4)辽东山区有机磷各形态的分布特征为:中等活性有机磷 > 中等稳定性有机磷 > 高稳定性有机磷 > 活性有机磷;土壤活性有机磷的季节变化与Olsen-P变化一致,中等活性有机磷、中等稳定性有机磷和高等稳定性有机磷的含量随季节变化无此规律;胡桃楸林、蒙古栎林土壤Olsen-P与活性有机磷、中等稳定性有机磷和高等稳定性有机磷之间显著相关,杂木林土壤Olsen-P与活性有机磷、中等活性有机磷、中等稳定性有机磷和高等稳定性有机磷之间相关性显著,说明在本研究区土壤有机磷对磷素有效性的贡献较大。(5)三个林型内主要树种叶片磷含量均较高,且叶片N/P < 10,土壤磷素不是辽东山区次生林植被生长的限制性养分因子。 2. 落叶松人工林取代天然次生林后土壤磷素特征的变化:(1)和天然次生林相比,落叶松人工林土壤全磷、总有机磷、Olsen-P、土壤微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),土壤总无机磷含量无明显变化,这说明次生林转变为落叶松人工林后土壤磷素状况下降。(2)随着次生林转变为落叶松人工林和落叶松人工林连栽后,土壤无机磷各形态含量变化显著,土壤Fe-P和Ca-P含量逐渐降低,O-P含量升高,土壤Olsen-P与无机磷形态中的Fe-P和Ca-P之间显著正相关,表明了Fe-P和Ca-P是Olsen-P的主要无机磷来源。(3)落叶松人工林取代次生林后,土壤活性有机磷、中等活性有机磷、中等稳定性有机磷和高等稳定性有机磷含量均降低,土壤Olsen-P与活性有机磷显著正相关,活性有机磷是补充Olsen-P的直接有机磷源;土壤微生物量磷与各有机磷组分及 Olsen-P含量之间均呈显著正相关,这说明微生物量磷在有机磷转化中起着重要作用。

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红发夫酵母分离于北美西部高山地区和日本一些岛屿上落叶树的渗出液中,因其所产主要色素为在水产养殖、食品和医药工业有广阔应用前景的虾青素而成为研究的热点。本论文对红发夫酵母Phaffia rhodozyma 的生长特性、培养参数与培养基组分对生长和虾青素积累的影响及其优化、虾青素合成的调节控制、虾青素的提取测定及红发夫酵母耐高温菌种的诱变进行了系统的研究。 虾青素是红发夫酵母的胞内色素,要对其进行分析首先要对红发夫酵母进行破壁处理,实验发现二甲亚砜是最有效的破壁溶剂,用氯仿和丙酮可以有效地把类胡萝卜素从二甲亚砜破壁后的红发夫酵母细胞中提取出来。 在固定摇床转速为200 rpm,温度为20 ℃的条件下,当种龄为36 h,以10%的接种量接入装液量为30 mL的250 mL三角瓶,初始pH为5.5时最有利于红发夫酵母的生长及类胡萝卜素的合成。 本实验中红发夫酵母最佳利用碳、氮源分别为蔗糖和蛋白胨,但蛋白胨价格昂贵,不适宜作单一氮源,因此使用硫酸铵和酵母膏作为复合氮源。 本论文采用了BP神经网络结合遗传算法的方法来优化红发夫酵母的发酵培养基,得到红发夫酵母发酵培养基的最佳配比为:蔗糖45.10 g/L、硫酸铵3.00 g/L、硫酸镁0.80 g/L、磷酸二氢钾1.40 g/L、酵母膏3.00 g/L、氯化钙0.50 g/L,使用优化后的培养基发酵类胡萝卜素产量达到8.20 mg/L,干重达到9.47 g/L,类胡萝卜素的产量比起始培养基提高了95.90%,干重提高了89.40%。 从代谢途径出发对红发夫酵母合成虾青素调控调控,选择谷氨酸、乙醇、VB1作为添加剂,通过正交试验设计得出三者添加水平分别为0.2 g/L,0.1% (V/V),10 mg/L时,类胡萝卜素产量提高了25.73%,达到了10.31mg/L。 通过上述优化培养,本论文中红发夫酵母的虾青素产量从1.33 mg/L提高到9.12 mg/L,产量提高了6.86倍;总类胡萝卜素产量从4.23 mg/L提高到10.31 mg/L,产量提高了2.44倍;细胞干重从5.00 g/L提高到11.35 g/L,提高了2.27倍,总体提高效果显著。 红发夫酵母属于中低温菌,本论文采用紫外复合诱变的方式,通过高温筛选,得到一株能在35 ℃下能生长的突变株,但所产类胡萝卜素中虾青素所占比例很小,可能是诱变改变了红发夫酵母的代谢途径,阻断了虾青素的合成。 Phaffia rhodozyma is a heterobasidiomyceteous yeast that was originally isolated from the slime fluxes of brich tree wounds in mountain regions of northern Japan and southern Alaska. Phaffia rhodozyma produces astaxanthin as its principal carotenoid pigment, which has potential applications in acquaculture, food and pharmaceutical industry. This paper researched ways to break cell, analysis of astaxanthin, characteristics of growth, culture parameters and the effects of components of medium on growth and astaxanthin formation , optimization of culture medium, control of astaxanthin synthesis and mutagenesis of Phaffia rhodozyma. It is necessary to disrupt the yeast cell for extracting astaxanthin considering the yeast accumulating carotenoids in cell. Dimethyisulphoxide was the most effective solvent for breaking the yeast cell; acetone and chloroform were effective to extract carotenoids out of the disrupted cell. The optimum pH for growth and carotenoids synthesis is 5.5, the optimum medium volume is 30 mL (in 250 mL flask), the optimum culture time of inoculum is 36 h, the optimum inoculum concentration is 10%. The research on culture medium showed: sucrose is the best one of 6 carbon sources for growth and astaxanthin synthesis. Peptone is the best nitrogen source for growth and astaxanthin synthesis. Uniform Design was used for trial design of the formula medium components, then back-propagation neural network was established to modeling the relationships between the carotenoid yield and the concentration of medium components. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used for global optimization of the model. The optimum combination of the medium was obtained: sucrose 45.10 g/L, ammonium sulfate 3.00 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.80 g/L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.40 g/L, yeast extract 3.00 g/L, calcium chloride 0.50 g/L. The yield of carotenoid reached 8.20 mg/L, which was 95.90% higher than that of the original medium. Glu, VB1 and ethanol were selected as fermentation addictives, after Orthogonal Test, the carotenoid contents increased by 25.73% when adding 0.16 g/L Glu, VB1 10 mg/L and ethanol 0.1% (V/V). After the above optimization, the astaxanthin content increased 6.86 folds, which is 9.12 mg/L. The carotenoids content increased 2.44 folds, which is 10.31 mg/L. The biomass increased 2.27 folds, which is 11.35 g/L. Phaffia rhodozyma grows in the mild temperature range of 0 to 27 ℃, in this work, a thermotolerant mutant was selected through UV-irradiation. It can grows at 35 ℃, and showed increased carotenoid content. The optimal growth temperature for this mutant is 30 ℃. But the mutant can only produce carotenoids with little astaxanthin accumulation.

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分别对生长于冬季和夏季的五倍子蚜虫冬寄主藓类植物湿地匍灯藓 (Plagiomniumacutum (Lindb .)T .Kop .)和侧枝葡灯藓 (Plagiomniummaximoviczii(Lindb .)T .Kop .)的净光合速率及其与光照、温度的关系进行了比较研究 .结果表明 ,2种藓类的最大光合能力在夏季分别为 12 5 6 7和 94 6 3μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1,而在冬季只有 5 8.1和 6 2 .1μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1;其暗呼吸强度夏季也比冬季显著增强 ;光补偿点均在 2 0~40 μmol·m-2 ·s-1,光饱和点在 2 0 0~ 40 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1之间 ,夏季比冬季略高 .它们在夏季的表观量子效率分别为 1 5 35和 1 5 5 9,冬季只有 0 45 6和 0 45 9.光合最适温度在 2 0~ 35℃之间 ,夏季比冬季有所升高 .在 0~ 2 0℃条件下测得的温度系数 ,在不同季节和不同种类均相似 ,约在 1 15~ 1 2 3之间 .它们对高温和低温都表现出一定的抗性 ,在 -15~ -10℃的低温以及 40~ 45℃的高温条件下均能够保持一定的净光合速率

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根据中国近40年的日气候观测资料与物候观测资料,分析了近40年中国气温、降水与自然物候的变化趋势及其区域差异.结果表明:(1)近40年来,从全国平均状况看,较为明显的升温阶段出现在1980年以后.其中升温率最大的时期为非生长期,最小的时期为生长期.从区域变化差异看:东部大部分地区、青藏高原的东南部和新疆的部分地区生长期温度在1980年以后都有不同幅度的上升,其中升幅最大的地区出现在华北;降温区则出现在秦岭以南的广大地区(包括西南地区东部、长江中游)以及新疆的部分地区.(2)生长期期间,全国平均降水在近40

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聚对苯二甲酸 1 ,3-丙二醇酯 ( PTT)是典型的半结晶聚合物 ,从熔体结晶形成球晶 ,在某一结晶温度范围内 ,在球晶中可观察到环带结构[1~ 4 ] .一般认为 ,环带球晶的形成归因于片晶沿球晶径向的周期性扭曲[1,2 ] .本文研究了 PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在溶剂挥发过程中等温结晶的形态结构 .1 实验部分   PTT样品为美国壳牌化学公司产品 ,熔点为 2 2 8℃ .将 PTT粒料于 1 1 0℃溶解在苯酚和1 ,1 ,2 ,2 -四氯乙烷 (质量比为 60∶ 40 )的混合溶剂中 ,配成质量分数为 0 .2 %~ 2 %的溶液 ,滴少许溶液在加热的云母片上 ,在预先设定的结晶温度 ( 90~ 2 0 0℃ )下等温结晶 ,然后将 PTT薄膜快速冷却至室温 .用 Leica DMLP偏光显微镜 ( PL M)和 SPA- HV30 0原子力显微镜 ( AFM)进行形态表征 .2 结果与讨论  图 1为 PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在不同温度下等温结晶后的 PLM图 ,可以清楚地看到 Maltese十字消光现象 .PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在 90~ 1 30℃的结晶温度范围内 ,形成环带球晶 ;当结晶温度为 1 40℃...

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从不同环境和地域的活性污泥中分离筛选出 3种可降解聚 β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)的菌株 ,编号分别为DS970 1、DS971 0和DS971 3。对其所产生的PHB解聚酶的相关性质进行了研究。 3种菌株所产生的PHB解聚酶均是胞外酶 ,同时又都是诱导酶。不同菌株分泌PHB解聚酶的规律不同 ,但酶活力达到高峰的时间均为 96h。 3种粗酶液的表观最适反应温度均为 40℃~ 45℃ ,对粗酶液的最适反应pH也进行了表征。

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The kinetics of the polymerization of isoprene with the heterogeneous rare earth catalyst system isopropoxyneodymium dichloride/triethylaluminium (Nd(OPri)Cl-2-AlEt(3)) was examined in a specially designed dilatometer. The rate of polymerization is expressed as R(p) approximate to -d[M]/dt = k'(p)[Nd](1.40)[M]. The main kinetical parameters such as the concentration of active propagating chain, the efficiency of lanthanide catalyst used (ELCU), the absolute rate constant of propagation as well as the average life time of growing chains, were determined at 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C.

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Six deep-sea proteolytic bacteria taken from Aleutian margin sediments were screened; one of them produced a cold-adapted neutral halophilic protease. These bacteria belong to Pseudoalteromonas spp., which were identified by the 16S rDNA sequence. Of the six proteases produced, two were neutral cold-adapted proteases that showed their optimal activity at pH 7-8 and at temperature close to 35 degrees C, and the other four were alkaline proteases that showed their optimal activity at pH 9 and at temperature of 40-45 degrees C. The neutral cold-adapted protease E1 showed its optimal activity at a sodium chloride concentration of 2 M, whereas the activity of the other five proteases decreased at elevated sodium chloride concentrations. Protease E1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and its molecular mass was 34 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight of protease E1 was determined to be 32,411 Da by mass spectrometric analysis. Phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride (PMSF) did not inhibit the activity of this protease, whereas it was partially inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid sodium salt (EDTA-Na). De novo amino acid sequencing proved protease E1 to be a novel protein.