Does low-protein diet improve broiler performance under heat stress conditions?

Nutrition for broilers under high temperatures is extremely important for brazilian broiler chicken industry because the amounts of consumed nutrients and environmental temperature have great effects on bird performance and carcass quality. Among diet nutrients, protein has the highest heat increment; thus, during many years, diets with low protein level were recommended in order to reduce heat production in broiler chickens under heat stress. However, reports have shown that low-protein diets have negative effects on broiler performance when environmental temperature is high, because during heat stress, low food intake associated to a low diet protein induce amino acid deficiencies. Other studies have shown that broilers fed low-protein diets increase their energy requirement for maintenance with higher heat production. Thus, with the growth of broiler industry in tropical areas more challenges need to be faced by the farmers. So, both the ambient and nutritional conditions ought to be well managed to avoid negative effects on poultry production once they can affect the metabolism (body heat production under low temperature and body heat dissipation under high temperature) with consequence on poultry performance (meat and eggs).

Integridade tissular de pacientes com úlceras venosas: um estudo baseado na Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem

The venous ulcer is an epidemiological problem of high prevalence, causing disability and dependence. Assess the tissue impairment level of patients with venous lesions, within a nursing referential, is relevant for the implementation of a directed assistance to specific clientele. Thus, this work aims to characterize the health status regarding the integrity the lower limbs skin of patients with venous ulcers, according to the of tissue integrity outcome indicators from the Nursing Outcomes Classification. A cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital in Natal - Rio Grande do Norte. The sample consisted of 50 participants, selected through consecutive sampling. Data collection occurred through a interview and physical examination form and a operational definitions tool for indicators of the nursing Tissue Integrity outcome directed to patients with venous ulcer, applied from February to June 2012. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests). The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with protocol 608/11 and Presentation Certificate to Ethical Consideration No. 0038.0.294.000-11. The results were presented using three scientific articles derivatives of research. It was found that the indicators show moderate impairment, light and not impaired, as the median. The respondents had an average of 59.72 years, 66% female, 50% were retired, 60% with a partner, 44% had arterial hypertension, 26% allergies, 20% diabetes mellitus, 96% were sedentary, 14% drank alcohol and 6% were smokers. There was a statistically significant correlation of low intensity between age and hydration (p=0.032; rs=-0.304) and skin desquamation (p=0.026; rs=-0.316), family income and necrosis (p=0.012; rs=-0.353); Ankle Brachial Index and tissue perfusion (p=0,044; rs=-0,329); Diabetes Mellitus and texture (p=0.015) and tissue perfusion (p=0.026); allergy and texture (p=0.034), physical activity and hydration (p=0.034), smoking and thickness (p=0.018), and alcohol consumption and exudate (p=0.045). We conclude that the patients had light to moderate impairment, indicating a good state of health on the integrity of the skin of the lower limbs, according to the indicators of the outcome of tissue integrity Classification Nursing Outcomes valued in the present study. It is believed that the evaluation of impairment tissue using a self-nursing system and its relation with socioeconomic, clinical and risk factors are unique tools in the care planning and in the wound healing

Efeitos imediatos da laserterapia sobre o desempenho neuromuscular após fadiga muscular induzida: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e cego

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of laser therapy on neuromuscular performance in healthy subjects after a muscle fatigue. This is a clinical trial, controlled, randomized, blinded, attended by 80 volunteers of both genders, healthy, with ages between 18 to 28 years. Initially the volunteers performed an initial evaluation (EV1) using electromyography in the biceps muscle, associated with assessment in isokinetic dynamometry with 5 concentric contractions (60 °/s) for elbow flexion. The subjects were randomly allocated into 4 groups: G1 (control, n = 20), G2 (placebo, n = 20), G3 (pre-fatigue laser, n = 20), and G4 (post fatigue laser, n = 20). The muscular fatigue protocol had 30 concentric isokinetic contractions (120 °/s). We used a 808 nm laser, power of 100 mW, applied at the belly of the biceps muscle. After the speeches the volunteers performed a final evaluation (EV2). Test was applied to two-way ANOVA with post hoc Turkey, with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference in electromyographic evaluation. In dynamometric evaluation showed a drop in peak torque, peak torque normalized to body weight (p <0.001) and average power (p <0, 05) between the initial and final evaluations in control. Among the groups there was a significant difference between the control and the other groups in relation to peak torque (p <0.05), peak torque to body weight (p <0.001) and average power (p <0.05). Therefore, the low intensity laser therapy does not alter the immediate neuromuscular performance after fatigue

Influence of educational level on myocardial hypertrophy of hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Chronic renal disease is associated with a high cardiovascular risk. Data from the general population associate cardiovascular diseases with low educational level, but no study has evaluated this association in patients on hemodialysis. Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the association between educational level, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Methods: A standard socioeconomic questionnaire was applied to 79 hemodialysis patients at the Hospital das Clínicas of Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, state of São Paulo. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic data were obtained from medical records. The patients were divided into two groups according to the median educational level, as follows: G1, patients with three or less years of schooling; G2, patients with more than three years of schooling. Results: Blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain, and variables statistically different in the two groups (p < 0.2) underwent multiple analysis. Independent associations were stated with p < 0.05 in multiple analysis. The mean age of patients was 57 ± 12.8 years, 46 were males (57%), and 53 white (67%). The variables selected for multiple analysis were: age (p = 0.004); educational level (p < 0.0001); body mass index (p = 0.124); left ventricular diameter (p = 0.048); and left ventricular mass index (p = 0.006). Antihypertensive drugs were similar in both groups. Systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) and years of schooling (p = 0.047) had a significant and independent correlation with left ventricular mass index. Conclusion: In hemodialysis patients, left ventricular mass associated not only with blood pressure but also with educational level.

Efeito do tipo de descasque e da temperatura de armazenamento na qualidade de laranjas 'Pera' minimamente processadas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tipo de descasque, manual, mecânico e enzimático, e do armazenamento, a 5ºC e 10ºC e ambiente (21-23ºC), na vida útil de laranjas 'Pêra' do tipo Rio, minimamente processadas. As laranjas foram colhidas maduras, e imediatamente lavadas, higienizadas e descascadas. Após a eliminação da casca, as frutas foram desinfetadas e embaladas em bandejas de isopor revestidas com filme PVC esticável. Durante o armazenamento sob as diferentes temperaturas, avaliaram-se a aparência, a quantidade de suco drenado, o aparecimento de podridões, a perda de massa fresca, a intensidade respiratória, os conteúdos de O2 e CO2 no interior das embalagens, a coloração, os teores de ácido ascórbico (AA) e de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), e acidez titulável (AT), assim como a relação SST/AT. Foram realizadas avaliações microbiológicas, bem como testes de aceitabilidade e de preferência de compra pelo consumidor. Somente os produtos descascados enzimaticamente (DE) apresentaram perda de suco, que aumentou com o tempo e a temperatura de armazenamento. A perda de massa fresca ocorreu em todos os produtos, mas os DE e os armazenados a 21-23ºC apresentaram os maiores valores. Todas as laranjas processadas apresentaram pico respiratório na primeira hora após o descascamento, seguido de redução e estabilização. O descascamento enzimático e as menores temperaturas de armazenamento levaram aos teores mais elevados de O2 e aos mais baixos de CO2, nas embalagens. As frutas processadas apresentarem baixa contagem de microrganismos mesófilos, psicrófilos e coliformes totais, e ausência de coliformes fecais. Podridões apareceram nas descascadas manual (DM) e mecanicamente (DME) após 13 dias, 8 dias e 4 dias a 5ºC e 10ºC e ambiente (21-23ºC), respectivamente. Os produtos obtidos com descascamento manual (DM) não diferiram dos DME ou DE, quanto aos teores de AT, SST e AA e relação SST/AT. Os produtos DM e DME, armazenados a 5ºC, foram os preferidos pelos provadores e apresentaram boa aparência por 19 dias e bom sabor por 23 dias. Os DE e armazenados a 5ºC apresentaram boa aparência por 4 dias e sabor desagradável no 1º dia.

High intensity social conflict in the Swiss albino mouse induces analgesia modulated by 5-HT1A receptors

Social conflict between mice produces analgesia in the attacked mouse. Both the magnitude and type (opioid or nonopioid) of this analgesia have been related to attack intensity and strain of mouse. In the present study low intensity social conflict (7 bites) did not produce analgesia, whereas high intensity - 30 and 60 bites interactions produced, respectively, short-lasting (5 min) and very short-lasting (1 min) analgesia in Swiss albino mice, when compared with nonaggressive interaction (0 bite). The 30 bites aggressive interaction induced analgesia (AIIA) was not affected by IP injection of either naloxone (5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg) or diazepam (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg). However, this attack-induced analgesia was reduced after IP administration of the 5-HT1A agonists, gepirone (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg) and BAY R 1531 (0.01 mg/kg). These results indicate that the analgesia induced by 30 bites social conflict in Swiss albino mice does not involve opioid and GABA-benzodiazepine (GABA-BZD) mechanisms. In addition, they suggest that high-intensity social conflict activates serotonergic pain modulatory systems that act through 5-HT1A receptors. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V.

Chemiluminescence as a PDT light source for microbial control

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Could albumin level explain the higher mortality in hemodialysis patients with pulmonary hypertension?

Background: The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in hemodialysis is still unclear. The aim of thisstudy was to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of PH in chronic hemodialysis patients and toverify whether these factors might explain the highest mortality among them.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of hemodialysis patients who started treatment from August 2001to October 2007 and were followed up until April 2011 in a Brazilian referral medical school. According to theresults of echocardiography examination, patients were allocated in two groups: those with PH and those withoutPH. Clinical parameters, site and type of vascular access, bioimpedance, and laboratorial findings were comparedbetween the groups and a logistic regression model was elaborated. Actuarial survival curves were constructed andhazard risk to death was evaluated by Cox regression analysis.Results: PH > 35 mmHg was found in 23 (30.6%) of the 75 patients studied. The groups differed in extracellularwater, ventricular thickness, left atrium diameter, and ventricular filling. In a univariate analysis, extracellular waterwas associated with PH (relative risk = 1.194; 95% CI of 1.006 1.416; p = 0.042); nevertheless, in a multiple model,only left atrium enlargement was independently associated with PH (relative risk =1.172; 95% CI of 1.010 1.359;p = 0.036). PH (hazard risk = 3.008; 95% CI of 1.285 7.043; p = 0.011) and age (hazard risk of 1.034 per year of age;95% CI of 1.000 7.068; p = 0.047) were significantly associated with mortality in a multiple Cox regression analysis.However, when albumin was taken in account the only statistically significant association was between albuminlevel and mortality (hazard risk = 0.342 per g/dL; 95% CI of 0.119 0.984; p = 0.047) while the presence of PH lost itsstatistical significance (p = 0.184). Mortality was higher in patients with PH (47.8% vs 25%) who also had astatistically worse survival after the sixth year of follow up.Conclusions: PH in hemodialysis patients is associated with parameters of volume overload that sheds light on itspathophysiology. Mortality is higher in hemodialysis patients with PH and the low albumin level can explain thisassociation.© 2012 Greenfield et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Componentes quantitativos e qualitativos da dispersão de sementes de Struthanthus flexicaulis (Loranthaceae) em uma área de campo rupestre do sudeste brasileiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência do laser terapêutico no reparo de defeito ósseo de ratos submetidos à ausência de carga

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação histológica e histomorfométrica do reparo ósseo em tíbias osteotomizadas de ratos (Rattus novergicus albinus) frente à ausência de carga e tratamento com ultrassom

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Efeitos da aplicação do ultra-som de baixa intensidade na retração de caninos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação dos marcadores cardíacos e de lipoperoxidação em equinos sob influência de exercícios de alta e baixa intensidade em esteira de alta velocidade e suplementação com vitamina E (dl-alfa-tocoferol)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lesões oxidativas e atividade antioxidante em equinos submetidos a exercícios em esteira e suplementados com vitamina E (dl-alfa-tocoferol)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new species of brachycephalus (anura: brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)