The not so generalized effects of nonreciprocal trade agreements

This dissertation uses an empirical gravity equation approach to study the relationship between nonreciprocal trade agreements (NRTAs) and members’ trade flows. Estimations relate bilateral imports to trade policy variables using a very comprehensive dataset with over fifty years of data. Results show that meager average trade effects exist only if members are excluded from the world trading system or if they are very poor. As trade flows between NRTA members are already rising before their creation, results also suggest a strong endogeneity concerning their formation. Moreover, estimations show that uncertainty and discretion tend to critically hinder NRTA’s performance. On the other hand, reciprocal trade agreements show the opposite pattern regardless of members’ income status.Encouraging developing countries’ openness to trade through reciprocal liberalization emerges consequently as a possible policy implication.

Preferential trade agreements in the Caribbean: issues and approaches

Includes bibliography

Cooperation on competition policy in Latin American and Caribbean bilateral trade agreements

Incluye Bibliografía

Negotiating trade agreements for the 21st century

Includes Bibliography

Rules of origin and trade facilitation in preferential trade agreements in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Services in regional agreements between Latin American and developed countries

Includes bibliography

International arbitration based on investor-state dispute settlement clauses in international investment agreements: challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye bibliografía

Expenditures, investment and financing for sustainable development in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Free trade agreements and female labour: the Chilean situation

Includes bibliography

Trade agreements by Colombia, Ecuador and Peru with the United States: effects on trade, production and welfare

Includes bibliography

Free trade agreements in Latin America since 1990: an evaluation of export diversification

Includes bibliography

The licensing of a laboratory for manipulating radionuclides in Brazil

Radionuclides take a major role in guidelines of environmental agencies/national organizations of countries worldwide. In Brazil, CNEN-Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear is responsible for managing all subjects related to nuclear energy in the country. Thus, laboratories employing radionuclides for the development of their activities must submit a Radioprotection Plan to CNEN in order to get an operation license. Such plan must indicate that the laboratory is exempt of risks to the people involved and designed to fit all related environmental aspects. This was the case of LABIDRO-Hydrochemical and Isotopes Laboratory that belongs to IGCE-Geosciences and Exact Sciences Institute from UNESP - the University of the State of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho, located at Rio Claro city, São Paulo State, Brazil. The total monthly activity of the radionuclides utilized during the laboratorial activities held at LABIDRO corresponds to 0.01 μCi. This paper describes all information provided by LABIDRO in order to get the CNEN license. The LABIDRO plan also showed the expected radioactive waste released when the experiments take place and CNEN decided that it fits the guidelines established by Brazilian legislation. Therefore, LABIDRO received its license for utilizing radionuclides, which is valid until September 2016. © 2013 WIT Press.

Resolución 7: Arreglos Intergubernamentales sobre productos primarios = Resolution 7: Inter-governmental commodity agreements = Résolution 7: Accords intergouvernementaux sur les produits de base

El símbolo E/840/Rev.1 corresponde a la edición bilingüe inglés/francés publicada en 1953