Aplicação do modelo de pulsos retangulares de Bartlett-Lewis modificado para estimativa de eventos extremos de precipitação

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a modelagem matemática da precipitação pluviométrica horária por meio do modelo de Bartlett-Lewis modificado com seis parâmetros e sua aplicação para estimativa de eventos extremos. Foi utilizada a série de dados pluviográficos do período de outubro de 1980 a dezembro de 2007, da estação meteorológica de Urussanga - SC (latitude 28,31º S, longitude 48,19º W). Foram ajustados os parâmetros mensais do modelo para a precipitação em intervalos de 1 hora, 30 min, 15 min, 10 min e 5 min. Para cada duração estudada, foram simuladas séries com 100 anos de dados. Pode-se concluir que o ajuste dos parâmetros do modelo de Bartlett-Lewis modificado possibilita a simulação de chuvas preservando as propriedades estatísticas da precipitação em vários níveis de agregação temporal. Para as séries de precipitação simulada com duração de 1 hora, observou-se que a série de máximas anuais da série simulada manteve as características da série observada. Também a série de máximas anuais de precipitação diária obtida da agregação da precipitação horária apresentou estatísticas similares às observadas na série histórica. Para durações inferiores, as séries simuladas apresentaram subestimativas superiores a 23%, inviabilizando sua aplicação na estimativa de eventos extremos.

Bartlett-Lewis of rectangular pulse modified model: estimate of parameters for simulation of precipitation in sub-hourly duration

The Bartlett-Lewis Rectangular Pulse Modified (BLPRM) model simulates the precipitous slide in the hourly and sub-hourly and has six parameters for each of the twelve months of the year. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of precipitation series in the duration of 15 min, obtained by simulation using the model BLPRM in situations: (a) where the parameters are estimated from a combination of statistics, creating five different sets; (b) suitability of the model to generate rain. To adjust the parameters were used rain gauge records of Pelotas/RS/Brazil, which statistics were estimated - mean, variance, covariance, autocorrelation coefficient of lag 1, the proportion of dry days in the period considered. The results showed that the parameters related to the time of onset of precipitation (λ) and intensities (μx) were the most stable and the most unstable were ν parameter, related to rain duration. The BLPRM model adequately represented the mean, variance, and proportion of the dry period of the series of precipitation lasting 15 min and, the time dependence of the heights of rain, represented autocorrelation coefficient of the first retardation was statistically less simulated series suitability for the duration of 15 min.

Modulation of fibronectin expression in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Fibronectin (FN), a large family of plasma and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, plays an important role in leukocyte migration. In normal central nervous system (CNS), a fine and delicate mesh of FN is virtually restricted to the basal membrane of cerebral blood vessels and to the glial limitans externa. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease, was induced in Lewis rats with a spinal cord homogenate. During the preclinical phase and the onset of the disease, marked immunolabelling was observed on the endothelial luminal surface and basal lamina of spinal cord and brainstem microvasculature. In the paralytic phase, a discrete labelling was evident in blood vessels of spinal cord and brainstem associated or not with an inflammatory infiltrate. Conversely, intense immunolabelling was present in cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels, which were still free from inflammatory cuffs. Shortly after clinical recovery minimal labelling was observed in a few blood vessels. Brainstem and spinal cord returned to normal, but numerous inflammatory foci and demyelination were still evident near the ventricle walls, in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum. Intense expression of FN in brain vessels ascending from the spinal cord towards the encephalon preceded the appearance of inflammatory cells but faded away after the establishment of the inflammatory cuff. These results indicate an important role for FN in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory demyelinating events occurring during EAE.

Strain-dependent effects of diazepam and the 5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist SB 206553 in spontaneously hypertensive and Lewis rats tested in the elevated plus-maze

The 5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist SB 206553 exerts anxiolytic effects in rat models of anxiety. However, these effects have been reported for standard rat strains, thus raising the issue of SB 206553 effects in rat strains displaying different levels of anxiety. Herein, the effects of SB 206553 in a 5-min elevated plus-maze test of anxiety were compared to those of the reference anxiolytic, diazepam, in two rat strains respectively displaying high (Lewis rats) and low (spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR) anxiety. Diazepam (0.37, 0.75, or 1.5 mg/kg; 30 min before testing) increased in a dose-dependent manner the behavioral measures in SHR, but not in Lewis rats. On the other hand, SB 206553 (1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg; 30 min before testing) failed to alter the anxiety parameters in both strains, whereas it increased closed arm entries in Lewis rats, suggesting that it elicited hyperactivity in the latter strain. Accordingly, the hypolocomotor effect of the nonselective 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (1.5 mg/kg ip 20 min before a 15-min exposure to an activity cage) was prevented by the 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg doses of SB 206553 in Lewis rats and SHR, respectively. Compared with SHR, Lewis rats may display a lower response to benzodiazepine-mediated effects and a more efficient control of locomotor activity by 5-HT2B/2C receptors.

Valtiaista vaikuttajiksi : arvot Suomen hallitsijoiden julkisissa puheissa vuosina 1809-2000

Teksti perustuu 11.4.2014 Helsingin yliopistossa järjestetyn väitöstilaisuuden lectio praecursoria -esitelmään.

Iron(III) as Lewis acid catalyst in organosilicon and carbonyl chemistry

Iron is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust and thus its availability and economic viability far exceed that of metals commonly used in catalysis. Also the toxicity of iron is miniscule, compared to the likes of platinum and nickel, making it very desirable as a catalyst. Despite this, prior to the 21st century, the applicability of iron in catalysis was not thoroughly investigated, as it was considered to be inefficient and unselective in desired transformations. In this doctoral thesis, the application of iron catalysis in combination with organosilicon reagents for transformations of carbonyl compounds has been investigated together with insights into iron catalyzed chlorination of silanes and silanols. In the first part of the thesis, the synthetic application of iron(III)-catalyzed chlorination of silanes (Si-H) and the monochlorination of silanes (SiH2) using acetyl chloride as the chlorine source is described. The reactions proceed under ambient conditions, although some compounds need to be protected from excess moisture. In addition, the mechanism and kinetics of the chlorination reaction are briefly adressed. In the second part of this thesis a versatile methodology for transformation of carbonyl compounds into three different compound classes by changing the conditions and amounts of reagents is discussed. One pot reductive benzylation, reductive halogenation and reductive etherification of ketones and aldehydes using silanes as the reducing agent, halide source or cocatalyst, were investigated. Also the reaction kinetics and mechanism of the reductive halogenation of acetophenone are briefly discussed.

Aphorismi (1774)

Invokaatio: D.F.G.

Suorasanaiset henkilökirjaset vuoteen 1809

Mikrofilmiluettelo: Suorasanaiset henkilökirjaset Kansalliskirjaston tilapäärunous on luetteloitu Fennica-tietokantaan. Tilapäärunot ovat käytettävissä kirjaston Lehtisalissa filmikortteina (vuoteen 1809) ja mikrofilmeinä (vuodet 1810-1944). Kokoelmassa on Ruotsinvallan ajalta runsaat 3 000 yksityishenkilöön liittyvää julkaisua, jotka on mikrokuvattu kahtena pääryhmänä: suorasanaiset julkaisut ja runomuotoiset julkaisut.

Charte von Schweden und Norwegen: nach den besten astronomischen Ortsbestimmungen entworfen von I.C.M. Reinecke ; jetzt aber nach dem neuesten Frieden zu Friedrichshamm vom 17ten Sept. berichtigt im October 1809

Mittakaava laskettu janamittakaavasta..

Kid Lewis [Gershon Mendeloff, boxeur anglais] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57768

[4/7/20, McGoldrick Field, Brooklyn, les pentathlètes R. N.] Irving, Leon Perrine [University of Idaho], Joseph Baker [University of Michigan], Brutus Hamilton [University of Missouri], Everett [Lewis] Bradley [University of Kansas], R. [Robert] Le Gendre [Georgetown University] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60119