Desenvolvimento e validação de um manual de prevenção de quedas destinado a idosos residentes na comunidade

O envelhecimento é um dos fenómenos demográficos da sociedade atual, sendo as quedas um dos problemas de saúde pública que mais afeta a população idosa. Para prevenir quedas têm sido testadas intervenções multifatoriais, que incluem diversas abordagens, tais como a educacional. No desenvolvimento de material de educação para a saúde deve ter-se em conta os princípios de adequabilidade da literacia em saúde, visto que, quanto mais ajustada e “user-friendly” for a informação, maior é a probabilidade de adesão e adoção dos comportamentos ensinados. Esta adequabilidade é fundamental, surgindo o Health Literacy INDEX como uma ferramenta de análise da conformidade desses manuais face a diferentes critérios nos grandes domínios da linguagem, suporte gráfico e envolvimento do utilizador. Objetivo: Desenvolver um manual sobre prevenção de quedas, destinado a idosos residentes na comunidade, de acordo com os princípios de adequabilidade em literacia em saúde e validá-lo para a população portuguesa. Metodologia: A fase I compreendeu a pesquisa de manuais educativos sobre prevenção de quedas, destinados a idosos, em motores de busca genéricos e em portais institucionais, tendo sido selecionados 11 manuais, publicados após 2006. Estes foram sujeitos à aplicação da ferramenta de avaliação Health Literacy INDEX, para verificação da sua conformidade, em termos de literacia em saúde, e aferição dos pontos fortes e fracos. Na fase II elaborou-se um manual sobre prevenção de quedas destinado a idosos em língua portuguesa, segundo as demandas da literacia em saúde e tendo por base a avaliação efetuada na fase anterior. Na fase III, dinamizou-se o manual junto de um grupo de 16 indivíduos, tendo por objetivo a sua validação. Resultados/Discussão: Na análise da conformidade, realizada na fase I, 10 dos 11 manuais obtiveram pontuações superiores a 50%, destacando-se quatro (A, C, J e K) com pontuações superiores a 75%. As componentes mais abordadas nos manuais foram a atividade física, estratégias em caso de queda, modificações do ambiente doméstico e visão. Na dinamização do manual não foram identificadas dificuldades na sua compreensão e os participantes demonstraram uma pré-disposição para intervir nos fatores de risco identificados. Relativamente ao manual consideraram que tinha uma apresentação muito boa, com conteúdo muito útil e fácil de ler. O que pode ser explicado pela aplicação, neste manual, das recomendações para a literacia em saúde preconizadas na literatura. Conclusão: O sucesso das intervenções na prevenção de quedas em idosos, dependerá em parte, das características dos manuais informativos, bem como do nível de literacia em saúde dos destinatários, apresentando-se o Health Literacy INDEX como uma ferramenta adequada à validação e/ou produção de manuais informativos. Futuramente, e por forma a consolidar os resultados obtidos, pretende-se replicar este projeto, através da sua dinamização junto de outros grupos, em contextos de promoção da saúde e envelhecimento ativo e saudável.

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Efeito da utilização do Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual® para caprinos leiteiros na Contagem Total de Bactérias do leite.

Resumo: A produção de leite de cabra no Brasil destaca-se no Nordeste, onde as condições de criação e os programas governamentais favorecem a produção. A qualidade higiênico-sanitária do leite de cabra, além de ser uma característica indispensável ao produto, exigida pela legislação Brasileira, contribui para diminuição nas perdas econômicas decorrentes da mastite e para a manutenção dos produtores na atividade. O Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual® para caprinos leiteiros é um conjunto de utensílios e práticas indispensáveis para a obtenção higiênica do leite de cabra, o qual apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável aos agricultores familiares devido à sua facilidade na utilização e baixo custo de aquisição. O Kit foi implantado e validado em 41 propriedades familiares, localizadas nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Ceará. Procedeu-se a coleta de leite de cabra 3 dias antes e 3 dias após a utilização do Kit, para a realização da Contagem Total de Bactérias (CTB). Observou-se uma redução média de 72% da CTB no leite produzido, e, 95% das propriedades adequaram-se à CTB exigida pela legislação Brasileira. [Effect of the use of the Milking Manual® EMBRAPA Kit for dairy goats total count in milk bacteria]. Abstract: The goat milk production in Brazil stands out in the Northeast, where the breeding conditions and government programs favor the production. The sanitary hygienic quality of goat milk as well as being an indispensable feature to the product, required by Brazilian law, contributes to decrease in economic losses resulting from mastitis and to the maintenance of the producers in the activity. The Embrapa manual milking kit® for dairy goats is an essential set of tools and practices for obtaining hygienic goat milk, which presents itself as a viable alternative to farmers due to its ease of use and low cost. The Kit has been deployed and validated in 41 family farms in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Ceará. The goat milking practice was carried out both three days before and three days after using the kit for the realization of Total Bacteria Count (CTB). There was an average reduction of 72 % CTB on the milk, and 95 % of the properties have adapted to the CTB required by Brazilian law.

Training and development for transitional employment in mature-aged manual workers

The purpose of the current article was to explore perceptions of transitional employment and training and development amongst blue collar workers employed in technical, trade, operations or physical and labour-intensive occupations within the local government system.

Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR): Group Leaders Manual

RAP-A was developed to meet the need for a universal resilience building program for teenagers which could be readily implemented in a school setting. A universal program targets all teenagers in a particular grade as opposed to those at higher risk for depression (indicated or selective approaches) or a treatment group. It is easier to recruit and engage adolescents in a universal approach where students do not face the risk of stigmatisation by being singled out for intervention. The Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP: Shochet, Holland & Whitefield, 1997) was developed to meet this need.

Metacognitive narrative psychotherapy for people diagnosed with schizophrenia : an outline of a principle-based treatment manual

Schizophrenia is often characterised by diminished self-experience. This article describes the development and principles of a manual for a psychotherapeutic treatment model that aims to enhance self-experience in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy draws upon dialogical theory of self and the work of Lysaker and colleagues, in conjunction with narrative principles of therapy as operationalised by Vromans. To date, no manual for a metacognitive narrative approach to the treatment of schizophrenia exists. After a brief description of narrative understandings of schizophrenia, the development of the manual is described. Five general phases of treatment are outlined: (1) developing a therapeutic relationship; (2) eliciting narratives; (3) enhancing metacognitive capacity; (4) enriching narratives, and; (5) living enriched narratives. Proscribed practices are also described. Examples of therapeutic interventions and dialogue are provided to further explain the application of interventions in-session. The manual has been piloted in a study investigating the effectiveness of Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy in the treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conveyancing manual Queensland

The book provides a detailed examination of conveyancing practice in Queensland.

A practical comparison of manual and autonomous methods for acoustic monitoring

1. Autonomous acoustic recorders are widely available and can provide a highly efficient method of species monitoring, especially when coupled with software to automate data processing. However, the adoption of these techniques is restricted by a lack of direct comparisons with existing manual field surveys. 2. We assessed the performance of autonomous methods by comparing manual and automated examination of acoustic recordings with a field-listening survey, using commercially available autonomous recorders and custom call detection and classification software. We compared the detection capability, time requirements, areal coverage and weather condition bias of these three methods using an established call monitoring programme for a nocturnal bird, the little spotted kiwi(Apteryx owenii). 3. The autonomous recorder methods had very high precision (>98%) and required <3% of the time needed for the field survey. They were less sensitive, with visual spectrogram inspection recovering 80% of the total calls detected and automated call detection 40%, although this recall increased with signal strength. The areal coverage of the spectrogram inspection and automatic detection methods were 85% and 42% of the field survey. The methods using autonomous recorders were more adversely affected by wind and did not show a positive association between ground moisture and call rates that was apparent from the field counts. However, all methods produced the same results for the most important conservation information from the survey: the annual change in calling activity. 4. Autonomous monitoring techniques incur different biases to manual surveys and so can yield different ecological conclusions if sampling is not adjusted accordingly. Nevertheless, the sensitivity, robustness and high accuracy of automated acoustic methods demonstrate that they offer a suitable and extremely efficient alternative to field observer point counts for species monitoring.

Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) applications for education

Relevant Education Contexts, Examples of TCQSM Applicability to Undergraduate Disciplines, Why Teach with the TCQSM?, TCQS Teaching Tools, Theory Curriculum Example: Examination Question, Problem Based Learning Example: Senior Year Semester Team Project, Honors Dissertation Example Topics, Where to From Here?

Using cost-effective multimedia to create engaging learning experiences : Resources Manual

A guide to utilising multi-media for teaching and learning.

Constructing the Architext : Georges Perec's life a user's manual

Mitchell critiques Georges Perec's Life a User's Manual, which articulates compellingly the confluence of literature and architecture studies that emerged in the late twentieth century. He argues the Perec's novel diverges from this tradition, for, rather than being a search for origins and true expression, Life a User's Manual denies the very possibility of originality. He adds that Perec's architext is de-constructive and ironic.