Dictem de las juntas calificadoras...de las cuotas...del derecho de patente y de profesiones...de 1896 a 1897 y 1898, con arreglo a al ley de...1896.

Mode of access: Internet.

Análisis de la reforma a la ley 30 de educación superior de 1992, desde el desarrollo humano, integral y sustentable (DHIS), como factor de transformación social

Tesis (Maestría en Estudios y Gestión del Desarrollo).-- Universidad de La Salle. Maestria en Estudios y Gestión del Desarrollo, 2014

Implicaciones institucionales de la ley de Protección de Datos

La tesis versa sobre las Autoridades de control en materia de protección de datos. Se divide en tres capítulos, cuyo criterio de división ha sido el territorio: Europa, Estados Unidos y España. En todos ellos se estudia el origen del derecho a la protección de datos, los instrumentos normativos, la jurisprudencia y los organismos encargados de su supervisión, sobre los que se focaliza el desarrollo de la investigación. En el primer capítulo se distinguen tres secciones: el Consejo de Europa, que incluye el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y el Convenio 108 así como su Protocolo Adicional y el estudio sobre la revisión del mismo; las Directrices Internacionales, incidiendo en el análisis de las Directrices de privacidad de la OCDE, las de la ONU, el Marco de Privacidad del Foro de Cooperación Asia-Pacífico y los Estándares Internacionales de la Resolución de Madrid; y el tercero, la Unión Europea, cuyo estudio profundiza desde la creación del derecho fundamental hasta la normativa europea, examinando la Directiva 95/46/CE de Protección de Datos, el Reglamento (CE) 45/2001 que regula el tratamiento de datos personales en las instituciones de la Unión Europea, la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales y el nuevo Reglamento General de Protección de Datos. Finaliza este bloque con un análisis pormenorizado de las Autoridades Europeas de Protección de Datos, haciendo especial énfasis en el Supervisor Europeo de Protección de Datos y en el Consejo Europeo de Protección de Datos, valorando la nueva situación que se creará en Europa. Especial relevancia tiene el análisis sobre las características de los organismos de control y en especial sobre la independencia. En el segundo capítulo se realiza un paralelismo entre los modelos estadounidense y europeo, buscando las similitudes y diferencias, para lo que se explica el concepto de privacidad y la protección que EEUU le otorga, así como el tratamiento dado por el principal organismo que tutela los derechos de los ciudadanos en materia de privacidad, la Comisión Federal del Comercio (Federal Trade Commission). Se somete a análisis el Asunto Safe Harbour. El tercer capítulo se dedica a España, donde se analiza el reconocimiento del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos como derecho atípico y el reparto competencial existente teniendo en cuenta que ni la materia ni la competencia son reconocidas en la Constitución española. Se examina la normativa al respecto y se desglosa la naturaleza, estructura y funcionamiento de la Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, en la que se procede a describir todas las funciones que el nuevo Reglamento General de Protección de Datos otorgará a las Autoridades de control nacionales. A nivel autonómico también se profundiza en las Autoridades de control, intentando valorar la problemática de las competencias asumidas por cada una de ellas. Se analiza más pormenorizadamente el Consejo Andaluz de Protección de Datos. Concluye la investigación con un apartado que recoge las principales aportaciones de la autora, tanto desde la observación como desde las propuestas de cambio o mejora. Destaca entre las mismas la necesidad de potenciar por parte de los estados e instituciones una mayor cultura de protección de datos, la necesidad de una autoridad de control a nivel europeo jerárquicamente superior, la de definir los parámetros de la independencia de dichas autoridades con exigencias superiores a las actuales, la necesidad de una modificación constitucional en España que recoja el derecho a la protección de datos como derecho fundamental así como el reparto competencial, y en Andalucía el aprovechamiento de las instituciones existentes en lugar de la creación de nuevos organismos

Cárdenas y Elizondo: dos gobernadores que cedieron frente a la presión político-universitaria (y federal)

En ochenta años de historia, la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León se ha visto envuelta en conflictos políticos que involucraron al gobierno federal, y cuya intervención propició la renuncia (voluntaria o involuntaria) de un gobernador estatal. Enseguida se compararán las dos renuncias de gobernadores nuevoleoneses, quienes por presión presidencial, estatal y universitaria, renunciaron a su puesto, cada uno de ellos respondiendo a diferentes contextos y motivos. Mientras uno renunció ante la imposibilidad de rechazar una ley nacional, el otro renunció ante la imposibilidad de ejercer una ley “personal”, pero ambos terminaron por ceder ante decreto presidencial.

Sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes en la reincidencia de actos delictivos de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. caso: centro forjar ciudad bolívar

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el papel del Centro Forjar Ciudad Bolívar en la reincidencia de actos delictivos de los adolescentes infractores, basado en la teoría de la justicia restaurativa que se busca generar desde el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes en Colombia. De esta manera, se pretende demostrar que, al ser una política pública para generar una justicia restaurativa, su implementación ha sido fundamental dentro de la localidad, para generar un proceso de reinserción social y acompañamiento para evitar la reincidencia de actos delictivos de estos adolescentes. Para lograr este objetivo se utilizará un análisis metodológico cualitativo, basándose en estudios de las fuentes primarias, trabajo de campo a partir de entrevistas realizadas en el Centro Forjar de Ciudad Bolívar, para entender el impacto de la política pública en la localidad.

Los conceptos de autonomía y democracia universitaria en la universidad pública colombiana, en el marco de la globalización y a través de la educación por competencias. 1992 - 2013

El interés de esta monografía es analizar la influencia de la globalización como proceso mundial y el neoliberalismo como política económica frente a la definición de políticas educativas. Tiene como objetivo analizar la manera en que se han modificado los conceptos de autonomía y democracia universitaria en la universidad pública colombiana, en el marco de la globalización y a través de la educación por competencias desde 1992 hasta el 2013. Con base en una aproximación conceptual de los términos de autonomía y democracia universitaria a través de elementos teóricos e históricos, se analizará como el actual sistema educativo colombiano y la educación por competencias ha modificado los conceptos de autonomía y democracia universitaria en la universidad pública colombiana.

Citizen journalism and political participation : the youdecide project and the 2007 Australian Federal Election

The 2007 Australian Federal election not only saw the election of a Labor government after 11 years of John Howard’s conservative Coalition government. It also saw new levels of political engagement through the Internet, including the rise of citizen journalism as an alternative outlet and mode of reporting on the election. This paper reports on the You Decide 2007 project, an initiative undertaken by a QUT-based research team to facilitate online news reporting on the election on a ‘hyper-local’, electorate-based model. We evaluate the You Decide initiative on the basis of: promoting greater citizen participation in Australian politics; new ways of engaging citizens and key stakeholders in policy deliberation; establishing new links between mainstream media and independent online media; and broadening the base of political participation to include a wider range of citizen and groups.

Citizen journalism as social networking : reporting the 2007 Australian Federal Election

One of the perceived Achilles heels of online citizen journalism is its perceived inability to conduct investigative and first-hand reporting. A number of projects have recently addressed this problem, with varying success: the U.S.-based Assignment Zero was described as "a highly satisfying failure" (Howe 2007), while the German MyHeimat.de appears to have been thoroughly successful in attracting a strong community of contributors, even to the point of being able to generate print versions of its content, distributed free of charge to households in selected German cities. In Australia, citizen journalism played a prominent part in covering the federal elections held on 24 November 2007; news bloggers and public opinion Websites provided a strong counterpoint to the mainstream media coverage of the election campaign (Bruns et al., 2007). Youdecide2007.org, a collaboration between researchers at Queensland University of Technology and media practitioners at the public service broadcaster SBS, the public opinion site On Line Opinion, and technology company Cisco Systems, was developed as a dedicated space for a specifically hyperlocal coverage of the election campaign in each of Australia's 150 electorates from the urban sprawls of Sydney and Brisbane to the sparsely populated remote regions of outback Australia. YD07 provided training materials for would-be citizen journalists and encouraged them to contribute electorate profiles, interview candidates, and conduct vox-pops with citizens in their local area. The site developed a strong following especially in its home state of Queensland, and its interviewers influenced national public debate by uncovering the sometimes controversial personal views of mainstream and fringe candidates. At the same time, the success of YD07 was limited by external constraints determined by campaign timing and institutional frameworks. As part of a continuing action research cycle, lessons learnt from Youdecide2007.org are going to be translated into further iterations of the project, which will cover the local government elections in the Australian state of Queensland, to be held in March 2008, and developments subsequent to these elections. This paper will present research outcomes from the Youdecide2007.org project. In particular, it will examine the roles of staff contributors and citizen journalists in attracting members, providing information, promoting discussion, and fostering community on the site: early indications from a study of interaction data on the site indicate notably different contribution patterns and effects for staff and citizen participants, which may point towards the possibility of developing more explicit pro-am collaboration models in line with the Pro-Am phenomenon outlined by Leadbeater & Miller (2004). The paper will outline strengths and weaknesses of the Youdecide model and highlight requirements for the successful development of active citizen journalism communities. In doing so, it will also evaluate the feasibility of hyperlocal citizen journalism approaches, and their interrelationship with broader regional, state, and national journalism in both its citizen and industrial forms.

Monitoring the Australian Blogosphere through the 2007 Australian Federal Election

This paper examines the observable patterns of content creation by Australian political bloggers dur‐ing the 2007 election and its aftermath, thereby providing insight into the level and nature of activity in the Australian political blogosphere during that time. The performance indicators which are identi‐fied through this process enable us to target for further in‐depth research, to be reported in subse‐quent papers, those individual blogs and blog clusters showing especially high or unusual activity as compared to the overall baseline. This research forms the first stage in a larger project to investigate the shape and internal dynamics of the Australian political blogosphere. In this first stage, we tracked the activities of some 230 political blogs and related Websites in Australia from 2 November 2007 (the final month of the federal election campaign, with the election itself taking place on 24 Novem‐ber) to 24 January 2008. We harvested more than 65,000 articles for this study.

The Federal circuit in Bilski : the machine-or-transformation test

In a much anticipated judgment, the Federal Circuit has sought to clarify the standards applicable in determining whether a claimed method constitutes patent-eligible subject matter. In Bilski, the Federal Circuit identified a test to determine whether a patentee has made claims that pre-empt the use of a fundamental principle or an abstract idea or whether those claims cover only a particular application of a fundamental principle or abstract idea. It held that the sole test for determining subject matter eligibility for a claimed process under § 101 is that: (1) it is tied to a particular machine or apparatus, or (2) it transforms a particular article into a different state or thing. The court termed this the “machine-or-transformation test.” In so doing it overruled its earlier State Street decision to the extent that it deemed its “useful, tangible and concrete result” test as inadequate to determine whether an alleged invention recites patent-eligible subject matter.

Australian data breach notification : avoiding the State/Federal overlap

Mandatory data breach notification has become a matter of increasing concern for law reformers. In Australia, this issue was recently addressed as part of a comprehensive review of privacy law conducted by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) which recommended a uniform national regime for protecting personal information applicable to both the public and private sectors. As in all federal systems, the distribution of powers between central and state governments poses problems for national consistency. In the authors’ view, a uniform approach to mandatory data breach notification has greater merit than a ‘jurisdiction specific’ approach epitomized by US state-based laws. The US response has given rise to unnecessary overlaps and inefficiencies as demonstrated by a review of different notification triggers and encryption safe harbors. Reviewing the US response, the authors conclude that a uniform approach to data breach notification is inherently more efficient.

Journalism as social networking : the Australian youdecide project and the 2007 federal election

The increasing prevalence of new media technologies and the rise of citizen journalism has coincided with a crisis in industrial journalism –as the figure of the "journalist as hero" is fading, new media forms have facilitated the production of news content "from below" by citizens and "pro-am" journalists. Participation in an action-research project run during the 2007 Australian Federal Election, youdecide 2007, allowed the authors to gain first-hand insights into the progress of citizen-led news media in Australia, but also allowed us to develop an account of what the work of facilitating citizen journalism involves. These insights are important to understanding the future of professional journalism and journalism education, as more mainstream media organizations move to accommodate and harness user-created content. The paper considers the relevance of citizen journalism projects as forms of R&D for understanding news production and distribution in participatory media cultures, and the importance of grounded case studies for moving beyond normative debates about new media and the future of journalism.

Not yet the Internet election : online media, political commentary and the 2007 Australian federal election

This paper undertakes an overview of two developments in online media that coincided with the 'year-long campaign' that was the 2007 Australian Federal election. It discusses the relatively successful use of the Internet and social media in the 'Kevin07' Australian Labor Party campaign, and contrasts this to the Liberal-National Party's faltering use of You Tube for policy announcements. It also notes the struggle for authority in interpreting polling data between the mainstream media and various online commentators, and the 'July 12 incident' at The Australian, where it engaged in strong denunciation of alleged biases and prejudices among bloggers and on political Web sites. It concludes with consideration of some wider implication for political communication and the politics-media relationship, and whether we are seeing trends towards dispersal and diversification characterising the 'third age' of political communication.