810 resultados para Koch, Geoff


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O morango é de grande importância socioeconômica, pois gera muita mão de obra. O ácaro rajado é uma das principais pragas da cultura. Em alta população pode reduzir a produção em até 80% ou causar a morte da planta. O principal método de controle é o químico, porém em muitos casos este é ineficiente, principalmente devido ao desenvolvimento de populações do ácaro resistentes. O uso inadequado de acaricidas também contribui para o reaparecimento da praga, devido à eliminação dos inimigos naturais. Entre as alternativas de controle, destacam-se o uso de fungos entomopatogênicos, como Beuaveria bassiana e os ácaros predadores Neoseiulus californicus e Phytoseiulus macropilis. Objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica populacional dos dois ácaros predadores na presença de T. urticae em morango e comparar a eficiência de controle dos predadores com acaricida e com um inseticida biológico a base de B. bassiana. Verificou-se diferença significativa (pLSD, 5%) nas áreas abaixo das curvas da flutuação populacional da fase móvel do ácaro rajado (AACP), nos tratamentos Pm (Phytoseiulus macropilis), Nc (Neoseiulus califrnicus) e acaricida. Os tratamentos Pm+Nc (P. macropilis + N. californicus) e Beauveria bassiana não diferiram da testemunha. Na fase de ovo não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. Apesar de a população de T. urticae ter sido naturalmente reduzida observou-se que a presença dos ácaros predadores P. macropilis e N. californicus contribuíram para a redução fase móvel da praga nos primeiros 24 dias. O acaricida foi eficiente na redução inicial da população da praga, porém permitiu a reinfestação após 31 dias.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O ácaro rajado, Tetranychus urticae, é uma das pragas mais importantes na cultura do morangueiro no Brasil, causando redução na produtividade e até morte das plantas. A fim de controlar as pragas de forma racional (com base em critérios econômicos, ecológicos e sociais), o Manejo Integrado de Pragas é pré-requisito obrigatório para Produção Integrada de Frutas (PIF). Nesse contexto, o monitoramento do Nível de Dano Econômico (NDE) é considerado ferramenta fundamental para tomada de decisão do controle. Com objetivo de determinar o controle integrado de ácaro rajado, esta praga-chave do morango foi monitorada nas plantas da Unidade Demonstrativa da Produção Integrada de Morango em Atibaia, SP. Foram avaliadas três cultivares: Oso Grande, Camino Real e Camarosa. Foram realizadas 13 amostragens desde a implantação da cultura até o presente momento. Nesse período a estratégia empregada para o controle dessa praga foi a liberação de Neoseiulus californicus quando foram detectadas infestações entre 1 e 3 ácaros T. urticae por folíolo, em pelo menos 30% dos folíolos avaliados. Outros aspectos (tratos culturais, disposição do terreno, manejo de áreas vizinhas) importantes para a definição das estratégias de controle da praga também foram observados. O monitoramento será realizado até o final da safra de 2008.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper outlines a process for fleet safety training based on research and management development programmes undertaken at the University of Huddersfield in the UK (www.hud.ac.uk/sas/trans/transnews.htm) and CARRS-Q in Australia (www.carrsq.qut.edu.au/staff/Murray.jsp) over the past 10 years.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Despite the large quantity of sugarcane grown in Australia, no bagasse is pulped in the country. This is largely because of an established pulp industry based on the abundant native hardwood resources. However, increasing demand for fibre and the limited availability of additional forest areas make bagasse pulping attractive. Issues relating to infrastructure and economics are discussed, and scenarios of acceptable risk identified. It is shown that there should be scope for the production of bleached bagasse pulp in Australia.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

PURPOSE: To introduce techniques for deriving a map that relates visual field locations to optic nerve head (ONH) sectors and to use the techniques to derive a map relating Medmont perimetric data to data from the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph. METHODS: Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated relating each visual field location (Medmont M700) to rim area and volume measures for 10 degrees ONH sectors (HRT III software) for 57 participants: 34 with glaucoma, 18 with suspected glaucoma, and 5 with ocular hypertension. Correlations were constrained to be anatomically plausible with a computational model of the axon growth of retinal ganglion cells (Algorithm GROW). GROW generated a map relating field locations to sectors of the ONH. The sector with the maximum statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlation coefficient within 40 degrees of the angle predicted by GROW for each location was computed. Before correlation, both functional and structural data were normalized by either normative data or the fellow eye in each participant. RESULTS: The model of axon growth produced a 24-2 map that is qualitatively similar to existing maps derived from empiric data. When GROW was used in conjunction with normative data, 31% of field locations exhibited a statistically significant relationship. This significance increased to 67% (z-test, z = 4.84; P < 0.001) when both field and rim area data were normalized with the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: A computational model of axon growth and normalizing data by the fellow eye can assist in constructing an anatomically plausible map connecting visual field data and sectoral ONH data.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

PURPOSE: To explore the effects of glaucoma and aging on low-spatial-frequency contrast sensitivity by using tests designed to assess performance of either the magnocellular (M) or parvocellular (P) visual pathways. METHODS: Contrast sensitivity was measured for spatial frequencies of 0.25 to 2 cyc/deg by using a published steady- and pulsed-pedestal approach. Sixteen patients with glaucoma and 16 approximately age-matched control subjects participated. Patients with glaucoma were tested foveally and at two midperipheral locations: (1) an area of early visual field loss, and (2) an area of normal visual field. Control subjects were assessed in matched locations. An additional group of 12 younger control subjects (aged 20-35 years) were also tested. RESULTS: Older control subjects demonstrated reduced sensitivity relative to the younger group for the steady (presumed M)- and pulsed (presumed P)-pedestal conditions. Sensitivity was reduced foveally and in the midperiphery across the spatial frequency range. In the area of early visual field loss, the glaucoma group demonstrated further sensitivity reduction relative to older control subjects across the spatial frequency range for both the steady- and pulsed-pedestal tasks. Sensitivity was also reduced in the midperipheral location of "normal" visual field for the pulsed condition. CONCLUSIONS: Normal aging results in a reduction of contrast sensitivity for the low-spatial-frequency-sensitive components of both the M and P pathways. Glaucoma results in a further reduction of sensitivity that is not selective for M or P function. The low-spatial-frequency-sensitive channels of both pathways, which are presumably mediated by cells with larger receptive fields, are approximately equivalently impaired in early glaucoma.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Mock circulation loops are used to evaluate the performance of cardiac assist devices prior to animal and clinical testing. A compressible, translucent silicone ventricle chamber that mimics the exact size, shape and motion of a failing heart is desired to assist in flow visualization studies around inflow cannulae during VAD support. The aim of this study was therefore to design and construct a naturally shaped flexible left ventricle and evaluate its performance in a mock circulation loop. The ventricle shape was constructed by the use of CT images taken from a patient experiencing cardiomyopathic heart failure and used to create a 3D image and subsequent mould to produce a silicone ventricle. Different cardiac conditions were successfully simulated to validate the ventricle performance, including rest, left heart failure and VAD support.