Ultralow voltage resonant tunnelling diode electroabsorption modulator

Embedding a double barrier resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) in a unipolar InGaAlAs optical waveguide gives rise to a very low driving voltage electroabsorption modulator (EAM) at optical wavelengths around 1550 nm. The presence of the RTD within the waveguide core introduces high non- linearity and negative di erential resistance in the current±voltage (I±V) characteristic of the waveguide. This makes the electric ®eld distribution across the waveguide core strongly dependent on the bias voltage: when the current decreases from the peak to the valley, there is an increase of the electric ®eld across the depleted core. The electric ®eld enhancement in the core-depleted layer causes the Franz±Keldysh absorption band-edge to red shift, which is responsible for the electroabsorption e ect. High-frequency ac signals as low as 100mV can induce electric ®eld high-speed switching, producing substantial light modulation (up to 15 dB) at photon energies slightly lower than the waveguide core band-gap energy. The key di erence between this device and conventional p-i-n EAMs is that the tunnelling characteristics of the RTD are employed to switch the electric ®eld across the core-depleted region; the RTD- EAM has in essence an integrated electronic ampli®er and, therefore, requires considerably less switching power.

Mode III interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy laminates using the edge crack torsion (ECT) test

The mode III interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy laminates was evaluated with the edge crack torsion (ECT) test. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed in order to select two specimen geometries and an experimental data reduction scheme. Test results showed considerable non-linearity before the maximum load point and a significant R-curve effect. These features prevented an accurate definition of the initiation point. Nevertheless, analyses of non-linearity zones showed two likely initiation points corresponding to GIIIc values between 850 and 1100 J/m2 for both specimen geometries. Although any of these values is realistic, the range is too broad, thus showing the limitations of the ECT test and the need for further research.

Fractional order modelling of dynamic backlash

This paper studies the dynamical properties of systems with backlash and impact phenomena. This type of non-linearity can be tackled in the perspective of the fractional calculus theory. Fractional and integer order models are compared and their influence upon the emerging dynamics is analysed. It is demonstrated that fractional models can memorize dynamical effects due to multiple micro-collisions.

La santé publique globalisée

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Caractérisation des réponses du PMLS au mouvement de deuxième ordre (modulé par le contraste)

La perception visuelle ne se résume pas à la simple perception des variations de la quantité de lumière qui atteint la rétine. L’image naturelle est en effet composée de variation de contraste et de texture que l’on qualifie d’information de deuxième ordre (en opposition à l’information de premier ordre : luminance). Il a été démontré chez plusieurs espèces qu’un mouvement de deuxième ordre (variation spatiotemporelle du contraste ou de la texture) est aisément détecté. Les modèles de détection du mouvement tel le modèle d’énergie d’Adelson et Bergen ne permettent pas d’expliquer ces résultats, car le mouvement de deuxième ordre n’implique aucune variation de la luminance. Il existe trois modèles expliquant la détection du mouvement de deuxième ordre : la présence d’une circuiterie de type filter-rectify-filter, un mécanisme de feature-tracking ou simplement l’existence de non-linéarités précoces dans le traitement visuel. Par ailleurs, il a été proposé que l’information visuelle de deuxième ordre soit traitée par une circuiterie neuronale distincte de celle qui traite du premier ordre. Bon nombre d’études réfutent cependant cette théorie et s’entendent sur le fait qu’il n’y aurait qu’une séparation partielle à bas niveau. Les études électrophysiologiques sur la perception du mouvement de deuxième ordre ont principalement été effectuées chez le singe et le chat. Chez le chat, toutefois, seules les aires visuelles primaires (17 et 18) ont été extensivement étudiées. L’implication dans le traitement du deuxième ordre de l’aire dédiée à la perception du mouvement, le Sulcus syprasylvien postéro-médian latéral (PMLS), n’est pas encore connue. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié les profils de réponse des neurones du PMLS évoqués par des stimuli dont la composante dynamique était de deuxième ordre. Les profils de réponses au mouvement de deuxième ordre sont très similaires au premier ordre, bien que moins sensibles. Nos données suggèrent que la perception du mouvement par le PMLS serait de type form-cue invariant. En somme, les résultats démontrent que le PMLS permet un traitement plus complexe du mouvement du deuxième ordre et sont en accord avec son rôle privilégié dans la perception du mouvement.

Performance of Gabion Faced Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls

Gabion faced re.taining walls are essentially semi rigid structures that can generally accommodate large lateral and vertical movements without excessive structural distress. Because of this inherent feature, they offer technical and economical advantage over the conventional concrete gravity retaining walls. Although they can be constructed either as gravity type or reinforced soil type, this work mainly deals with gabion faced reinforced earth walls as they are more suitable to larger heights. The main focus of the present investigation was the development of a viable plane strain two dimensional non linear finite element analysis code which can predict the stress - strain behaviour of gabion faced retaining walls - both gravity type and reinforced soil type. The gabion facing, backfill soil, In - situ soil and foundation soil were modelled using 20 four noded isoparametric quadrilateral elements. The confinement provided by the gabion boxes was converted into an induced apparent cohesion as per the membrane correction theory proposed by Henkel and Gilbert (1952). The mesh reinforcement was modelled using 20 two noded linear truss elements. The interactions between the soil and the mesh reinforcement as well as the facing and backfill were modelled using 20 four noded zero thickness line interface elements (Desai et al., 1974) by incorporating the nonlinear hyperbolic formulation for the tangential shear stiffness. The well known hyperbolic formulation by Ouncan and Chang (1970) was used for modelling the non - linearity of the soil matrix. The failure of soil matrix, gabion facing and the interfaces were modelled using Mohr - Coulomb failure criterion. The construction stages were also modelled.Experimental investigations were conducted on small scale model walls (both in field as well as in laboratory) to suggest an alternative fill material for the gabion faced retaining walls. The same were also used to validate the finite element programme developed as a part of the study. The studies were conducted using different types of gabion fill materials. The variation was achieved by placing coarse aggregate and quarry dust in different proportions as layers one above the other or they were mixed together in the required proportions. The deformation of the wall face was measured and the behaviour of the walls with the variation of fill materials was analysed. It was seen that 25% of the fill material in gabions can be replaced by a soft material (any locally available material) without affecting the deformation behaviour to large extents. In circumstances where deformation can be allowed to some extents, even up to 50% replacement with soft material can be possible.The developed finite element code was validated using experimental test results and other published results. Encouraged by the close comparison between the theory and experiments, an extensive and systematic parametric study was conducted, in order to gain a closer understanding of the behaviour of the system. Geometric parameters as well as material parameters were varied to understand their effect on the behaviour of the walls. The final phase of the study consisted of developing a simplified method for the design of gabion faced retaining walls. The design was based on the limit state method considering both the stability and deformation criteria. The design parameters were selected for the system and converted to dimensionless parameters. Thus the procedure for fixing the dimensions of the wall was simplified by eliminating the conventional trial and error procedure. Handy design charts were developed which would prove as a hands - on - tool to the design engineers at site. Economic studies were also conducted to prove the cost effectiveness of the structures with respect to the conventional RCC gravity walls and cost prediction models and cost breakdown ratios were proposed. The studies as a whole are expected to contribute substantially to understand the actual behaviour of gabion faced retaining wall systems with particular reference to the lateral deformations.

Threshold Autoregressive Model for a Time Series Data

In this paper we try to fit a threshold autoregressive (TAR) model to time series data of monthly coconut oil prices at Cochin market. The procedure proposed by Tsay [7] for fitting the TAR model is briefly presented. The fitted model is compared with a simple autoregressive (AR) model. The results are in favour of TAR process. Thus the monthly coconut oil prices exhibit a type of non-linearity which can be accounted for by a threshold model.

Vibrational spectroscopic studies and computational study of quinoline-2-carbaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone

FT-IR spectrum of quinoline-2-carbaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone (HQb H2O) was recorded and analyzed. The synthesis and crystal structure data are also described. The vibrational wavenumbers were examined theoretically using the Gaussian03 package of programs using HF/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels of theory. The data obtained from vibrational wavenumber calculations are used to assign vibrational bands obtained in infrared spectroscopy of the studied molecule. The first hyperpolarizability, infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optics. The geometrical parameters of the title compound obtained from XRD studies are in agreement with the calculated values. The changes in the CAN bond lengths suggest an extended p-electron delocalization over quinoline and hydrazone moieties which is responsible for the non-linearity of the molecule

A Comparative Study of Convective Parameterization Schemes in WRF-NMM Model

Severe local storms, including tornadoes, damaging hail and wind gusts, frequently occur over the eastern and northeastern states of India during the pre-monsoon season (March-May). Forecasting thunderstorms is one of the most difficult tasks in weather prediction, due to their rather small spatial and temporal extension and the inherent non-linearity of their dynamics and physics. In this paper, sensitivity experiments are conducted with the WRF-NMM model to test the impact of convective parameterization schemes on simulating severe thunderstorms that occurred over Kolkata on 20 May 2006 and 21 May 2007 and validated the model results with observation. In addition, a simulation without convective parameterization scheme was performed for each case to determine if the model could simulate the convection explicitly. A statistical analysis based on mean absolute error, root mean square error and correlation coefficient is performed for comparisons between the simulated and observed data with different convective schemes. This study shows that the prediction of thunderstorm affected parameters is sensitive to convective schemes. The Grell-Devenyi cloud ensemble convective scheme is well simulated the thunderstorm activities in terms of time, intensity and the region of occurrence of the events as compared to other convective schemes and also explicit scheme

New studies on the versatile roles of Polyaniline and its composites in polymer based optoelectronic and energy storage devices

From the early stages of the twentieth century, polyaniline (PANI), a well-known and extensively studied conducting polymer has captured the attention of scientific community owing to its interesting electrical and optical properties. Starting from its structural properties, to the currently pursued optical, electrical and electrochemical properties, extensive investigations on pure PANI and its composites are still much relevant to explore its potentialities to the maximum extent. The synthesis of highly crystalline PANI films with ordered structure and high electrical conductivity has not been pursued in depth yet. Recently, nanostructured PANI and the nanocomposites of PANI have attracted a great deal of research attention owing to the possibilities of applications in optical switching devices, optoelectronics and energy storage devices. The work presented in the thesis is centered around the realization of highly conducting and structurally ordered PANI and its composites for applications mainly in the areas of nonlinear optics and electrochemical energy storage. Out of the vast variety of application fields of PANI, these two areas are specifically selected for the present studies, because of the following observations. The non-linear optical properties and the energy storing properties of PANI depend quite sensitively on the extent of conjugation of the polymer structure, the type and concentration of the dopants added and the type and size of the nano particles selected for making the nanocomposites. The first phase of the work is devoted to the synthesis of highly ordered and conducting films of PANI doped with various dopants and the structural, morphological and electrical characterization followed by the synthesis of metal nanoparticles incorporated PANI samples and the detailed optical characterization in the linear and nonlinear regimes. The second phase of the work comprises the investigations on the prospects of PANI in realizing polymer based rechargeable lithium ion cells with the inherent structural flexibility of polymer systems and environmental safety and stability. Secondary battery systems have become an inevitable part of daily life. They can be found in most of the portable electronic gadgets and recently they have started powering automobiles, although the power generated is low. The efficient storage of electrical energy generated from solar cells is achieved by using suitable secondary battery systems. The development of rechargeable battery systems having excellent charge storage capacity, cyclability, environmental friendliness and flexibility has yet to be realized in practice. Rechargeable Li-ion cells employing cathode active materials like LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 have got remarkable charge storage capacity with least charge leakage when not in use. However, material toxicity, chance of cell explosion and lack of effective cell recycling mechanism pose significant risk factors which are to be addressed seriously. These cells also lack flexibility in their design due to the structural characteristics of the electrode materials. Global research is directed towards identifying new class of electrode materials with less risk factors and better structural stability and flexibility. Polymer based electrode materials with inherent flexibility, stability and eco-friendliness can be a suitable choice. One of the prime drawbacks of polymer based cathode materials is the low electronic conductivity. Hence the real task with this class of materials is to get better electronic conductivity with good electrical storage capability. Electronic conductivity can be enhanced by using proper dopants. In the designing of rechargeable Li-ion cells with polymer based cathode active materials, the key issue is to identify the optimum lithiation of the polymer cathode which can ensure the highest electronic conductivity and specific charge capacity possible The development of conducting polymer based rechargeable Li-ion cells with high specific capacity and excellent cycling characteristics is a highly competitive area among research and development groups, worldwide. Polymer based rechargeable batteries are specifically attractive due to the environmentally benign nature and the possible constructional flexibility they offer. Among polymers having electrical transport properties suitable for rechargeable battery applications, polyaniline is the most favoured one due to its tunable electrical conducting properties and the availability of cost effective precursor materials for its synthesis. The performance of a battery depends significantly on the characteristics of its integral parts, the cathode, anode and the electrolyte, which in turn depend on the materials used. Many research groups are involved in developing new electrode and electrolyte materials to enhance the overall performance efficiency of the battery. Currently explored electrolytes for Li ion battery applications are in liquid or gel form, which makes well-defined sealing essential. The use of solid electrolytes eliminates the need for containment of liquid electrolytes, which will certainly simplify the cell design and improve the safety and durability. The other advantages of polymer electrolytes include dimensional stability, safety and the ability to prevent lithium dendrite formation. One of the ultimate aims of the present work is to realize all solid state, flexible and environment friendly Li-ion cells with high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability. Part of the present work is hence focused on identifying good polymer based solid electrolytes essential for realizing all solid state polymer based Li ion cells.The present work is an attempt to study the versatile roles of polyaniline in two different fields of technological applications like nonlinear optics and energy storage. Conducting form of doped PANI films with good extent of crystallinity have been realized using a level surface assisted casting method in addition to the generally employed technique of spin coating. Metal nanoparticles embedded PANI offers a rich source for nonlinear optical studies and hence gold and silver nanoparticles have been used for making the nanocomposites in bulk and thin film forms. These PANI nanocomposites are found to exhibit quite dominant third order optical non-linearity. The highlight of these studies is the observation of the interesting phenomenon of the switching between saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in the films of Ag/PANI and Au/PANI nanocomposites, which offers prospects of applications in optical switching. The investigations on the energy storage prospects of PANI were carried out on Li enriched PANI which was used as the cathode active material for assembling rechargeable Li-ion cells. For Li enrichment or Li doping of PANI, n-Butyllithium (n-BuLi) in hexanes was used. The Li doping as well as the Li-ion cell assembling were carried out in an argon filled glove box. Coin cells were assembled with Li doped PANI with different doping concentrations, as the cathode, LiPF6 as the electrolyte and Li metal as the anode. These coin cells are found to show reasonably good specific capacity around 22mAh/g and excellent cycling stability and coulombic efficiency around 99%. To improve the specific capacity, composites of Li doped PANI with inorganic cathode active materials like LiFePO4 and LiMn2O4 were synthesized and coin cells were assembled as mentioned earlier to assess the electrochemical capability. The cells assembled using the composite cathodes are found to show significant enhancement in specific capacity to around 40mAh/g. One of the other interesting observations is the complete blocking of the adverse effects of Jahn-Teller distortion, when the composite cathode, PANI-LiMn2O4 is used for assembling the Li-ion cells. This distortion is generally observed, near room temperature, when LiMn2O4 is used as the cathode, which significantly reduces the cycling stability of the cells.

Untersuchung der Adsorptionskinetik photoschaltbarer azobenzolfunktionalisierter selbstorganisierter Monolagen mit optischer Frequenzverdopplung

In dieser Arbeit wurde das Adsorptionsverhalten zweier azobenzolfunktionalisierter Liganden auf Goldoberflächen untersucht. Diese Liganden zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie mithilfe von Licht bestimmter Wellenlängen zwischen zwei Isomerisierungszuständen – sowohl in Lösung als auch in den auf der Oberfläche resultierenden Monolage – hin und her geschaltet werden können. Somit ist es möglich, Oberflächen herzustellen, deren physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften zwischen zwei Zuständen variiert werden können. Die Messungen des Adsorptionsverhaltens wurden mittels optischer Frequenzverdopplung durchgeführt. Diese Messmethode ist höchst grenzflächensensitiv und ermöglicht es somit die Adsorption der Liganden in situ und ich Echtzeit zu verfolgen. Neben den Adsorptionsmessungen wurde auch die Phase des frequenzverdoppelten Signals über eine Interferenzmethode gemessen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Phasenmessungen ermöglichen es, eine Aussage über eine mögliche Nichtlinearität der untersuchten Moleküle zu treffen. An die in den Adsorptionsmessungen gewonnenen Messdaten wurden drei kinetische Standardmodelle angepasst. Beschreibt eines dieser Modelle den im Experiment bestimmten Adsorptionsverlauf, kann eine Aussage über die zugrunde liegenden Prozesse des Adsorptionsvorganges getroffen werden. Die Ergebnisse der Adsorptionsmessungen zeigen einen deutlichen Einfluss des Isomerisierungszustandes der Liganden auf den Verlauf der Adsorption. Liegen die Moleküle im geschalteten Zustand vor, so verläuft die Adsorption langsamer. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass ebenso intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen einen verlangsamenden Einfluss auf die Adsorption der Liganden haben. In den durchgeführten Phasenmessungen zeigte sich darüber hinaus, dass Liganden, die über an die Azobenzolgruppe angebundene Amidgruppen verfügen, eine Nichtlinearität aufweisen. Diese Nichtlinearität ist zudem vom Isomerisierungszustand der Liganden abhängig. In den kinetischen Untersuchungen konnte darüber hinaus gezeigt werden, dass sich die Adsorption der Liganden bis auf eine Ausnahme durch die Langmuirkinetik 2. Ordnung beschreiben lässt. Somit handelt es ich bei der Adsorption der untersuchten Liganden um eine Reaktion, der eine Bindungsspaltung voran geht. Dieser Befund konnte durch Vergleich mit weiteren Experimenten bestätigt werden.

Semi-algebraic methods for symbolic analysis of complex reaction networks

The identification of chemical mechanism that can exhibit oscillatory phenomena in reaction networks are currently of intense interest. In particular, the parametric question of the existence of Hopf bifurcations has gained increasing popularity due to its relation to the oscillatory behavior around the fixed points. However, the detection of oscillations in high-dimensional systems and systems with constraints by the available symbolic methods has proven to be difficult. The development of new efficient methods are therefore required to tackle the complexity caused by the high-dimensionality and non-linearity of these systems. In this thesis, we mainly present efficient algorithmic methods to detect Hopf bifurcation fixed points in (bio)-chemical reaction networks with symbolic rate constants, thereby yielding information about their oscillatory behavior of the networks. The methods use the representations of the systems on convex coordinates that arise from stoichiometric network analysis. One of the methods called HoCoQ reduces the problem of determining the existence of Hopf bifurcation fixed points to a first-order formula over the ordered field of the reals that can then be solved using computational-logic packages. The second method called HoCaT uses ideas from tropical geometry to formulate a more efficient method that is incomplete in theory but worked very well for the attempted high-dimensional models involving more than 20 chemical species. The instability of reaction networks may lead to the oscillatory behaviour. Therefore, we investigate some criterions for their stability using convex coordinates and quantifier elimination techniques. We also study Muldowney's extension of the classical Bendixson-Dulac criterion for excluding periodic orbits to higher dimensions for polynomial vector fields and we discuss the use of simple conservation constraints and the use of parametric constraints for describing simple convex polytopes on which periodic orbits can be excluded by Muldowney's criteria. All developed algorithms have been integrated into a common software framework called PoCaB (platform to explore bio- chemical reaction networks by algebraic methods) allowing for automated computation workflows from the problem descriptions. PoCaB also contains a database for the algebraic entities computed from the models of chemical reaction networks.

Nuevas perspectivas en el estudio de la relación entre la cultura corporativa y el desempeño organizacional a partir de las ciencias de la complejidad

La presenta monografía constituye una profundización y ampliación en tres temas de interés: Cultura corporativa, ciencias de la complejidad y desempeño organizacional. Partiendo de un trabajo inicial que realiza una descripción de los anteriores conceptos y sus posibles relaciones, este trabajo resulta ser la continuación y adición de nuevas perspectivas con el fin de generar mayores aportes en el mundo académico y empresarial. Comienza con la Cultura corporativa y la identificación de sus componentes visibles, conjuntamente con una reflexión sobre este concepto como factor para la transformación y la aceptación del cambio en las organizaciones. Luego, retoma conceptos importantes en las Ciencias de la Complejidad y la teoría de sistemas como lo son los agentes, atractores, la no-linealidad y la auto-organización. Además se hace una revisión de los antecedentes y medidas actuales del desempeño organizacional, configurando al Alfa de Jensen como posible candidato para medir el impacto de la cultura corporativa manteniendo lo principios de las Ciencias de la complejidad.

The political influence of the kurdish community in Syria and its possible transboundary Effects in the subregion of the Middle East, during the period 2011-2014

El interés de esta monografía es analizar las interacciones no-lineales con resultados emergentes que mantuvo la comunidad kurda en Siria, durante el periodo 2011-2014, y por las cuales se produjeron formas de auto-organización como resultado de la estructura compleja a la que pertenece. De esta forma, se explica cómo a raíz de la crisis política siria y los enfrentamientos con el Estado Islámico, se transformó el rol de los kurdos en Siria y se influenciaron las estructuras políticas del país y las naciones de la región con población kurda. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se propone analizar este fenómeno a través del enfoque de complejidad en Relaciones Internacionales y el concepto de Auto-Organización. A partir de ello, se indaga sobre las interacciones surgidas en estructuras más pequeñas, que habrían afectado un sistema mayor; estableciendo nuevas formas de organización que no pueden ser explicadas, únicamente, a partir de elementos causales.

El benestar psicològic en l'adolescència: la perspectiva de les ciències de la complexitat

El benestar psicològic, entès com la vessant psicològica que forma part del concepte més ampli de qualitat de vida, constitueix un àmbit d'estudi en expansió. Tot i tenir un passat més breu en comparació amb d'altres constructes psicosocials, cada vegada investigadors de les més diverses disciplines s'afegeixen a la llista d'estudiosos que fan del benestar psicològic un dels seus objectes d'investigació. Amb tot, l'estudi del benestar psicològic en l'adolescència constitueix probablement un dels àmbits en els quals la necessitat de seguir avançant es fa més evident. El seu estudi en subjectes adolescents té, a més, un doble interès. Per una part, els canvis i transicions que nois i noies experimenten durant l'adolescència comporten amb freqüència que sigui un període estressant per a molts d'ells/es, amb implicacions importants per al seu benestar psicològic. Aprofundir en el seu coneixement durant aquest període té un interès més enllà de l'estrictament científic i permet el disseny de programes de prevenció més ajustats a les problemàtiques que els/les adolescents puguin estar experimentant. L'exploració dels elements del benestar psicològic constitueix una de les estratègies d'aproximació al seu estudi. En aquesta tesi doctoral s'han seleccionat alguns dels elements que de la literatura científica es desprèn que tenen una connexió més estreta amb el benestar psicològic i que són la satisfacció amb la vida globalment i amb àmbits específics de la vida, l'autoestima, el suport social percebut, la percepció de control i els valors. Tot i que existeix un consens elevat en considerar que l'exploració d'aquests elements és de primera necessitat de cares a aprofundir en l'estructura del benestar psicològic, generalment han estat estudiats de forma separada, malgrat no falten intents d'integració teòrica. Les limitacions més importants que presenta l'estudi del benestar psicològic i el dels seus elements en l'actualitat són bàsicament de caràcter epistemològic i fan referència a la dificultat de trobar visions comunes (tant a nivell de definicions com de teories explicatives) compartides per una majoria d'investigadors socials. Aquestes limitacions justifiquen l'interès per dirigir l'atenció vers un altre tipus d'explicacions del benestar psicològic, qualitativament diferents a les disponibles, que no es refugiïn ni en reduccionismes ni en explicacions causals rígides. Les teories de la complexitat suposen una alternativa productiva en aquest sentit ja que aquelles característiques a través de les quals la complexitat ve donada (borrositat de límits, punts de catàstrofe, dimensions fractals, processos caòtics i no lineals), són, en definitiva, les mateixes propietats que caracteritzen als fenòmens psicosocials. I això inclou el de benestar psicològic. Les dades de les que disposem, obtingudes mitjançant un estudi transversal, impedeixen fer una aproximació al benestar psicològic des de totes les propietats de la complexitat esmentades a excepció de la característica de la no linealitat. L'objectiu general de la tesi ha estat el de construir un model de benestar psicològic a partir de les dades obtingudes que permetés: 1) Evidenciar relacions entre variables que fins aquests moments no han pogut ser massa explorades, 2) Contemplar aquestes relacions més enllà de la seva unidireccionalitat, i 3) Entendre el benestar psicològic en l'adolescència des d'un punt de vista més integrador i holista i, consegüentment, oferir una manera més comprehensiva d'aproximar-se a aquest fenomen. Aquesta tesi ha de ser entesa com un primer pas, fonamentalment metodològic, per l'elaboració futura de conceptualizacions sobre el benestar psicològic en l'adolescència que es basin en els principis que ens aporten les ciències de la complexitat. Malgrat els resultats obtinguts no estan absents de limitacions, obren noves perspectives d'anàlisi del benestar psicològic en l'adolescència.