954 resultados para Kelvin angle


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Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying structural and dynamical properties of disordered and partially ordered materials, such as glasses, polymers, liquid crystals, and biological materials. In particular, twodimensional( 2D) NMR methods such as ^^C-^^C correlation spectroscopy under the magicangle- spinning (MAS) conditions have been used to measure structural constraints on the secondary structure of proteins and polypeptides. Amyloid fibrils implicated in a broad class of diseases such as Alzheimer's are known to contain a particular repeating structural motif, called a /5-sheet. However, the details of such structures are poorly understood, primarily because the structural constraints extracted from the 2D NMR data in the form of the so-called Ramachandran (backbone torsion) angle distributions, g{^,'4)), are strongly model-dependent. Inverse theory methods are used to extract Ramachandran angle distributions from a set of 2D MAS and constant-time double-quantum-filtered dipolar recoupling (CTDQFD) data. This is a vastly underdetermined problem, and the stability of the inverse mapping is problematic. Tikhonov regularization is a well-known method of improving the stability of the inverse; in this work it is extended to use a new regularization functional based on the Laplacian rather than on the norm of the function itself. In this way, one makes use of the inherently two-dimensional nature of the underlying Ramachandran maps. In addition, a modification of the existing numerical procedure is performed, as appropriate for an underdetermined inverse problem. Stability of the algorithm with respect to the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio is examined using a simulated data set. The results show excellent convergence to the true angle distribution function g{(j),ii) for the S/N ratio above 100.

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Four men, same men from a previous photograph, standing in the water of the tunnel.

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Black and white photographs, 19 cm x 24 cm of the interior of an unidentified house the sitting room which was mentioned above, but this shot is taken from farther away. A fireplace is visible in the room. The photograph was taken by Wurts Brothers General Photographers of New York City (2 copies).

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Black and white photograph, mounted on board, 7 cm x 4 cm, of Julia in a side angle face pose. This photo was taken by Fred Pfaff of Peach Street, Erie, Pennsylvania.

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Black and white photograph, 23 cm x 17 cm, of Margaret Julia Woodruff Band in a seated position, taken from a side angle. She is wearing a lace dress. The photo was taken by Dudley Hoyt of New York.

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Distribués sous des licences permissives qui assurent des droits d'utilisation, de modification et de redistribution aux licenciés, l'élaboration des logiciels libres est fondée sur un modèle de développement décentralisé. Ces caractéristiques posent de nombreux défis au milieu juridique, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la responsabilité civile. Ainsi, les développeurs se demandent dans quelles circonstances leur responsabilité civile peut être engagée suite à la défaillance de leur logiciel libre. De la même façon, ils questionnent la possibilité d'appliquer cette responsabilité à un nombre important de développeurs dispersés aux quatre coins du globe. L'analyse présentée montre que le droit, tel qu'il existe actuellement, est en mesure de résoudre la majorité des problèmes relatifs à la détermination et l'application de la responsabilité civile en matière de logiciels libres. Les règles de la responsabilité civile représentent donc un risque potentiel pour les développeurs de logiciels libres, même s'ils sont relativement bien protégés par les contextes juridiques et factuels.

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"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M) option droit des affaires"

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article reproduit avec l'autorisation de la Revue générale de droit.